referred paper of Longley, Singleton and Adnan, 2010,

1. Developing Efficient
Web-based GIS
Applications
By
SWETHA A
5WD12CGI15
Adnan, M., Singleton, A.D., and Longley, P.A.

2. Introduction
• Multimap ( 7.3 million in UK)
• Mapquest (47 million in US)
• 50,000 websites that took feeds from the Google Maps
(http://maps.google.com) site
• GIS-enabled web applications can utilize any of a number of
technologies and database platforms.

3. Insight Of The Paper
• Mapping, database, and development technologies
that are being used to develop high volume web-
based GIS applications
• Different technologies and their usefulness in
different scenarios in order to perform in a range of
circumstances.

4. • Public profiler (http://www.publicprofiler.org/worldnames)
• Flash maps

5. Mapping Technology Or
Visualisation Functionality
(Websites Presenting Geographic Data)
• Static Map Renderers
• Slippy Maps
• Flash Mapping

6. Static Map Renderers
• Render maps in the form of images.
• Do not allow any user interaction(static
images)
• Resulting map is very simple and easy to
interpret.

7. • (http://www.nationaltrustnames.org.uk).
• Website that allows users to view the spatial
distribution of their family names

8. Slippy Maps Or Tile-based
• Widely used geo-visualisation techniques
• This technique works by dividing the map into a
discrete number of zoom levels, so that each zoom level
has an identical number of tiles.
• Google Maps, Microsoft Virtual Earth, Yahoo Maps,
Mapnik, Open Layers, MapTube and ArcGiS
• Dynamic and faster to load

9. Tiling in slippy maps

10. FLASH MAPPING
• Based on Vector images( drawn dynamically
by using mathematical calculations which do
not allow the map to become distorted and
keeps it in the right shape).
• API into ArcGIS (ArcGIS Flex API) and Flash
with the Google Maps API

11. (http://www.adobe.com/products/flash/)
has become popular as a mapping solution

12. • APIs manage complex details of connectivity
using the GIS package and they provide an easy
to use interface for developers
• Flash Action Scripts
• Information might entail adding a point, line or
polygon, or equally might entail adding some
more complex graphics to the map, e.g. custom
navigation Flash controls

13. Choosing An Appropriate Mapping
Technology
• Static Map Renderers
• Slippy Maps(on-the-fly)
• Flash Mapping

14. DBMS
• Can chose
Oracle(http://www.oracle.com)
SQL(http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver)
• Not to be chosen
MySQL (http://www.mysql.com)
MS-Access (http://office.microsoft.com/access)

15. NORMALISATION
• Normalisation is a technique used to reduce
data redundancy while maintaining integrity of
the data in the database.
• Four forms
first, second and third Normal form, and the
Boyce-Codd Normal Form (BCNF).

16. STORED PROCEDURES
• Stored in database dictionary as database objects
• Enhance the speed of data retrieval
• Stored procedures offer a number of important benefits over
queries.
• The DBMS only compiles them when they are called for the
first time(This improves the speed of access to the database
and enhances the performance).

17. DATABASE INDEX
• Enhancing the data retrieval speed
• Database indexes are created in one or more columns of
a table and enable a database system to perform rapid
random lookups on the database table
• Database index references the key-fields
• Clustered or
• Un-clustered

18. Web Application Development
Standards for GIS applications
• Design Standards
Web Wireframing
• Development Standards

19. Web Wireframing
• Web wireframing is a unique concept in web site design and
development
• Web wireframing helps in creating a final design of the
website before its actual development
• Adobe Illustrator
(http://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator)
• Microsoft Visio(http://office.microsoft.com/visio)
• ProtoShare (http://www.protoshare.com)

20. ProtoShare (http://www.protoshare.com)

21. example of a web wireframe, which demonstrates how
the web page will look like after development.

22. DEVELOPEMENT STANDARDS
• Windows only
ASP (Active Server Pages)
ASP.NET (Active Server Page dot Net)
• Any OS
PHP (Hypertext Preprocessor)
JSP (Java Server Pages)

23. COMMUNICATION
PROTOCOLS
• A GIS web application often stores temporary data in files
or communicates with other web applications over the web
• Common protocol is SOAP (Simple Object Access
Protocol):
• SOAP uses
 XML (Extensible Markup Language)
 HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) for communication.

24. ARCHITECHTURE

25. ARCHITECHTURE OF WEB-BASED
GIS APPLICATIONS

26. CONCLUSION
• This paper has described the different mapping technologies, database
standards, and web application development standards that are relevant to
the development of web GIS applications.
• Development of efficient web-based GIS applications
– Flash Mapping or Slippy as Mapping Technology
– Oracle is the system of choice for geospatial applications
– Web Wireframing for to design website.
– Use of a common communication protocol (SOAP)
– Three-tier web-based GIS applications Architecture

27. Thank you
Any Queries?