AWS Community Day CPH - Three problems of Terraform
DNA STORAGE
1. DNA DIGITAL STORAGE
Name:- Khalid Majeed Mir
Roll no. :- 321/14
Department:- IT
Semester:- 7th sem
12/4/2017 1
Guide:-Jasleen Mam
2. CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS DNA
DO WE NEED ANOTHER STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
STRUCTURE OF DNA
CODES FOR ENCODING
HOW DNAAS STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
PROCESS
WHY DNA
APPLICATIONS
DEVELOPMENTS
OUR FUTURE
CONCLUSIONS
REFRENCES
3. INTRODUCTION
Refers to the scheme to store digital data in the base sequence of DNA
Uses artificial DNA made using commercially available oligonucleotide synthesis
4. WHAT IS DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Molecule that carries the genetic instructions
Essential for all known forms of life
Consist of two biopolymer strands coiled around each other to form a double
helix
Nature’s storage device, replicating and propagating genetic code over thousands
of generations
6. DO WE NEED ANOTHER STORAGE
TECHNOLOGY?
Rapid growth of data generated
Information to be stored for long periods
Prone to damage from external factors
Rise in e-waste
Requires more energy
E-waste disposal site
7. STRUCTURE OF DNA
DNA consists of Adenine(A), Guanine(G), Cytosine(C) and
Thymine(T)
Paired into nucleotide base pairs A-T and G-C
Backbone of the DNA strand is made from alternating
phosphate and sugar residues
Single nucleotide can represent 2 bits of information
10. HOW DNA AS STORAGE
TECHNOLOGY?
Source data in form of binary bits (0 and 1) was converted to a tertiary bit code (0, 1
and 2) to decrease chances of encoding errors
Following the conversion, the digital data is encoded into the nucleobases of DNA
By altering the positions of nucleobases A,T,G and C, the tertiary code can be
mapped onto the nucleobases codes, thus making a repetitive blocks of nucleobases
that encode data
The encoded DNA then can be sequenced and read back to tertiary and then to
binary data using technologies similar to those used to map the human genome
11. PROCESS
Coding : Any digital file—a movie, medical records,
the Encyclopedia Britannica—can be converted to a
“genetic file” and stored as strands of DNA. First the
digital file’s binary code is translated into the four-
letter genetic code, composed of the As, Cs, Gs, and Ts
that represent the chemical building blocks of DNA
strands.
Synthesis : Then a synthetic-biology company
manufactures the strands to the customer’s
specifications.
Storage : A test tube containing the genetic file can be
stashed away in cold storage until someone wants to
retrieve the information.
12.
13. WHY DNA?
A mere milligram of the molecule could encode the complete text of
every book in the Library of Congress
Very high data density
More compact than current magnetic tape or hard drive storage
15. APPLICATIONS
National security for information hiding
purposes and for data stenography
Preserve safely the personal information of a person such as medical information and
family history in their own bodies
Storage of archival documents
16. DEVELOPMENTS
Microsoft is making huge investment in DNA data storage research. The
company reported that it had written 200 MB data, including War and
Peace and 99 other literary classics, into DNA
Twist Bioscience of San Francisco used a machine to create the strings
letter by letter that can build up to 1.6 million strings at a time
The field has scope for research in the coming years
18. CONCLUSION
DNA-based storage has the potential to be the ultimate archival storage
solution: it is extremely dense and durable.While this is not practical yet due
to the current state of DNA synthesis and sequencing, both technologies are
improving at an exponential rate with advances in the biotechnology
industry.Given the impending limits of silicon technology, we believe that
hybrid silicon and biochemical systems are worth
serious consideration: time is ripe for computer architects to consider
incorporating biomolecules as an integral part of computer design. DNA-
based storage is one clear example of this direction.