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Storm 
Szymon Sobczak 
Lukasz Beben
Who uses it?
Who uses it?
Who uses it?
What is Storm? 
Java + Clojure 
Created by Nathan Marz at BackType 
Open-sourced in September 2011 
Apache Incubator in 2013
What problem does it solve? 
Realtime map reduce?
What problem does it solve? 
Realtime map reduce? 
Not really…
What problem does it solve? 
Building scalable, realtime processing systems.
Old approach
Key assumptions 
Easy scalability 
Higher level of abstraction 
No message brokers 
Guaranteed processing 
Fault tolerance
Logical architecture 
Stream 
….. tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple
Logical architecture 
….. tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple 
….. tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple tuple 
Spout
Logical architecture 
Bolt 
tuple tuple tuple tuple 
tuple tuple tuple tuple 
…... tuple tuple tuple 
…... tuple tuple tuple
Logical architecture 
Bolt - functions, joins, filters, 
aggregation, remote calls
Logical architecture 
Topology
Inherent parallelism - tasks
Stream grouping
Stream grouping 
Bolt subscribes to stream using: 
Shuffle: pick random message 
Fields grouping: mod hashing on a subset of fields 
All: broadcast 
Local: to tasks in the same process 
and more...
Physical architecture 
Nimbus 
Zookeeper 
Zookeeper 
Supervisor 
Supervisor 
Supervisor 
Supervisor 
Supervisor
Nimbus 
You upload your code to Nimbus 
It distributes code 
Starts, monitors and re-starts jobs
Zookeeper 
Separate Apache project 
Synchronizing state of distributed system 
+ service discovery
Supervisor (worker node) 
Supervisor (JVM) 
Worker (JVM) 
Worker (JVM) Worker (JVM) 
Bolt 1 
Bolt 2 
Bolt 2 
Spout 
Bolt 1 
Bolt 3 
Spout 
Bolt 1
Processing guarantees 
At least once 
ala 
a, l, a 
a, l, a 
vowles: 2 
logger
XOR 
11010 
^10110 
01100
XOR 
11010 
^10110 
01100 
11010 
^11010 
00000
Acker bolt 
bu 
b, u 
b, u 
letters: 2 
logger 
acker
Acker bolt 
bu 
letters: 0 
logger 
Start 0000000 
acker 
0000000
Acker bolt 
bu 
b letters: 0 
logger 
Start 0000000 
emit b 1001110 
1001110 
acker 
1001110
Acker bolt 
bu 
b 
b 
letters: 0 
logger 
Start 0000000 
emit b 1001110 
1001110 
emit b 0101101 
1100011 
acker 
1100011
Acker bolt 
bu 
b 
b 
letters: 1 
logger 
Start 0000000 
emit b 1001110 
1001110 
emit b 0101101 
1100011 
process b 1001110 
1100011 
acker 
1100011
Acker bolt 
bu 
b, u 
b, u 
letters: 1 
logger 
Start 0000000 
emit b 1001110 
1001110 
emit b 0101101 
1100011 
process b 1001110 
1100011 
... ... 
1000101 acker 
1000101
Acker bolt 
bu 
b, u 
b, u 
letters: 2 
logger: b, u 
Start 0000000 
emit b 1001110 
1001110 
emit b 0101101 
1100011 
process b 1001110 
1100011 
... ... 
1000101 
process u 1000101 
0000000 
acker 
0000000
High-level abstractions
DRPC
DRPC http://storm.incubator.apache.org/documentation/Distributed-RPC
DRPC 
LinearDRPCTopologyBuilder 
● initialized with a RPC name 
● DRPC spout setup 
● Returning the results to the DRPC server 
Deployment: 
● Launch DRPC server(s) 
● Configure the locations of the DRPC servers in storm.yaml 
● Submit DRPC topologies to Storm cluster
Trident
Trident 
● Introduced with Storm 0.8.0 
● High-level abstraction on top of Storm 
● Stateful, incremental processing on top of 
persistent store 
● Exactly-once semantic
High-level abstraction 
wordCounts = 
topology.newStream("spout1", spout) 
.each(new Fields("sentence"), new Split(), new Fields("word")) 
.groupBy(new Fields("word")) 
.aggregate(new Fields("word"), new Count(), new Fields("count"))
Trident API 
● Partition-local operations 
○ functions, filters, projection, partitionAggregate, 
stateQuery 
● Repartitioning operations 
○ shuffle, broadcast, partitionBy 
● Aggregation 
○ aggregate 
● Operations on grouped streams 
○ groupBy 
● Combining streams 
○ merge, join
Exactly-once 
Words count example...
At least once 
word1 
word2 
word3 
word1 
word2 
word1 
word1 3 
word2 2 
word3 1 
http://storm.incubator.apache.org/images/topology.png
At least once 
word1 
word2 
word3 
word1 
word2 
word1 
word1 4 
word2 2 
word3 1 
http://storm.incubator.apache.org/images/topology.png
Ordered tuples 
t1 word1 
t2 word2 
t3 word3 
t4 word1 
t5 word2 
t6 word1 
word1 3 t6 
word2 2 t5 
word3 1 t3 
http://storm.incubator.apache.org/images/topology.png
Ordered tuples 
t1 word1 
t2 word2 
t3 word3 
t4 word1 
t5 word2 
t6 word1 
word1 3 t6 
word2 2 t5 
word3 1 t3 
http://storm.incubator.apache.org/images/topology.png
Batched transactions 
t1 word1 
word2 
t2 word3 
word1 
t3 word2 
word1 
word1 3 t3 
word2 2 t3 
word3 1 t2 
http://storm.incubator.apache.org/images/topology.png
Batched transactions 
t1 word1 
word2 
t2 word3 
word1 
t3 word2 
word1 
word1 3 t3 
word2 2 t3 
word3 1 t2 
http://storm.incubator.apache.org/images/topology.png
Transactional topologies 
● Introduced in 0.7.0 
● Deprecated 
● Two phases 
○ Batch processing step 
○ Commiter bolt 
● Storing transaction ids is on developer
Trident State 
word1 3 
word2 2 
word3 1 
Persistent Store 
Trident State 
t1 word1 
word2 
t2 word3 
word1 
t3 word2 
word1 
http://storm.incubator.apache.org/images/topology.png
Storm at
Cluster 
● Storm (0.9.0) 
○ Single production cluster 
○ 1 master, 2 slaves 
● Zookeeper 
● Apache Kafka
Apache Kafka 
● Publish-subscribe messaging system 
● Partitioned commit log 
● Messages organised in topics 
● Retains messages for some period of time 
● Offset is controlled by the consumer
Development 
● RedStorm - Ruby DSL 
● https://github.com/colinsurprenant/redstorm 
● JRuby on Storm 
● Deployments 
● 25% lower tuples/sec (https: 
//githubcom/colinsurprenant/redstorm-benchmark/)
Monitoring - Storm UI
Monitoring 
● Topologies 
○ uptime, workers 
● Tuples 
○ transferred, emitted, acked, failed 
○ per spout/bolt
Monitoring - Graphite
What we’ve learned
Redeploy = downtime 
Swap on the roadmap
Resource separation 
● Topologies can starve each other 
● storm-yarn (Yahoo!) 
● storm-mesos (Twitter’s production) 
● Isolation scheduler (0.8.2)
Rebalance 
● Scaling by adding nodes and increasing 
parallelism hint 
● Rebalance - no redeploy needed 
● Still have to change configuration for the 
next deployment
Spouts 
● Names have to be unique across the cluster 
(because of Zoo) 
● Topology name prefix
Correct setup 
Machines within cluster should expose all ports 
to each other
Summary 
● Lots of parts to setup 
● Compatibility
Other players 
● S4 
● Amazon Kinesis 
● Spark streaming
Sturm und Drang 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe
Questions?

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Storm