This document provides guidelines for using different tenses in English sentences correctly. It discusses the use of verbs like be, have, do and modal verbs in positive, negative and interrogative sentences. It also explains when to use present, past, future and perfect tenses based on time expressions or connectives used. Additionally, it covers passive voice construction, reported speech, use of verbs after conjunctions and some other grammatical rules.

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 Be Verb েুক্ত Present/Past Indefinite Tense এর নারবাধক বাকয গিন কররে Be Verbএর ঩রর not বরস। তেমন, I
am not a student... She was not a wood cutter. েরব নাবাচক প্রশ্নরবাধক বাকয গিন কররে Subject এর ঩ূরবে Be
Verb এবং ঩রর not বরস তেমন,Was I not a layer? Did she not sing a song? ঄বশয Subject third person
singular number এবং noun হরে did not বারকযর শুরুরে বরস। তেমন, Did not Shaheen write a letter?
 Be Verb রবহীন Present Indefinite Tense এর নাবাচক প্রশ্নরবাধক বাকয গিন কররে Subject এর ঩ূরবে Do বা Does
এবং ঩রর not বরস । Do I not cut a tree. Does she not sing a song? েরব Subject third person singular
number এবং noun হরে be not বারকযর শুরুরে বরস। তেমন, Was not Shaheen a teacher?
 Be Verb রবহীন Past Indefinite Tense এর নারবাধক বাকয গিন কররে Subject এর ঩রর Did not বরস। তেমন, I
did not cut a tree. She did not sing a song. েরব নাবাচক প্রশ্নরবাধক বাকয গিন কররে Subject এর ঩ূরবে Did
এবং ঩রর not বরস । Did I not cut a tree. Did she not sing a song. েরব Subject third person singular
number এবং noun হরে Do বারকযর শুরুরে বরস। তেমন, Did not Shaheen write a letter?
 Universal Truth (রচরন্তন সেয), Habitual Fact (঄ভ্যাসগে কাজ) বুঝারে Present Indefinite Tense হয়। তেমন,
Th sun rises in the east. He gets up early in the morning.
 W-H Question কররে Subject ও Person এবং Tense ঄নুসারর To Be /To Have/Do/Modal Verb বরস। তেমন,
What is your name? Where do you live in? When will you return? How could you want to do such
crime?

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 তকান Sentnse এ েরি সমরয়র উরেখ না তথরক normally, occasionally, usually, everyday, regularly, daily,
generally, always, often, sometime, আেযারি থারক েরব Present Indefinite Tense হয়। He walks regularly.
He generally eats apple. He meets me everyday.
 বারকয েরি now, at present, at this time, at this moment উরেখ থারক ো হরে Present Continuous Tense
হয়। তেমন, I am writing now. She is serving at present. They are crossing the river at this moment.
 To have verb থাকরে present/past/future perfect tense হরব এবং have এর ঩র মূে Verb এর past
participle form হরব। তেমন, We have gone to market. We shall have run in the field. The patient had
died before the doctor came.
 অবার তকান বারকয েরি just, just now, yet, now, already, ever, recently, lately, ever থাকরে Present Perfect
Tense হরব। তেমন, They have come just now. We have already gone to the spot. I have not yet done
the work.
 ঄েীে রনরিেশক শব্দ তেমন, ago, long since, last day/last night/last month, yesterday, আেযারি থাকরে Past
Indefinite Tense হরব। তেমন, He went to school last day. We went there yesterday. Many years ago
here lived a farmer. It is a long since when he came here.
 বারকযর প্রথম ঄ংশ Present Perfect Tense হরে ঩রবেেী ঄ংশ Past Indefinite Tense হরব। তেমন, A long
time have passed when he met us first. Many years have passed since he died.
 Since এর ঩ূরবের ঄ংশ Past Indefinite এবং ঩ররর ঄ংশ Past Perfect Tense হয়। তেমন, It was a long since we
had met her last.
 Since এর ঩ূরবের ঄ংশ Present Indefinite/ Present Perfect Tense এবং ঩ররর ঄ংশ Past Indefinite Tense হয়।
তেমন, It is a long since we have met her last. Many years have passed since we killed the tiger.
 Before এর ঩ূরবের ঄ংশ এবং After এর ঩ররর ঄ংশ Past Perfect Tense হরব। তেমন, The train had left before
we reached the station. The patient died after the doctor had come.
 রব঩রীেভ্ারব Before এর ঩ররর ঄ংশ এবং After এর ঩ূরবের ঄ংশ Past Indefinite Tense হরব। তেমন, The train
had left before we reached the station. The patient died after the doctor had come.তকান Simple
Sentence এ প্রথরম Verb োর঩র Object এর঩র অবারও Verb থাকরে ঩রবেেী Verb এর সারথ ing েুক্ত হয়। রিক
একআভ্ারব ঩াশা঩ারশ িুরি Verb থাকরে ঩ররর Verb এর সারথ ing ঄থবা to েুক্ত হরব। তেমন, I found him going to
school. He wants to send a letter.
 তকান Simple Sentence এ প্রথরম Verb োর঩র Object এর঩র অবারও Verb থাকরে ঩রবেেী Verb Past participle
form হয়। তেমন, I got the work done by him. We took the charge handed over by him.

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 Modal Verb এর ঩রর মূে Verb এর Present Form বরস। তেমন, I might go home. I could do the work. You
must go home. They should obey their parents.
 Let, would better, had better, had rather, dare, would rather, must, need এর ঩রর মূে Verb এর Present
Form বরস। েরব মূে Verb এর ঩রর to থাকরব না। তেমন, I dare not go there. You would rather go home.
She must do it. You will not let her leave alone.
 To Be Verb দ্বারা গরিে Tense এর negative কররে To be verb এর ঩র not বসরব। তেমন, He was not going
to school. We are not eating rice.
 To Be Verb দ্বারা গরিে Tense এর Interrogative কররে Subject এর ঩ূরবে To be verb বসরব। তেমন, Was he
going to school? Are we eating rice?
 To Be Verb দ্বারা গরিে Tense এর Interrogative-negative কররে Subject এর ঩ূরবে To be verb এবং Subject
এর ঩র not বসরব। তেমন, Was he not going to school? Are we not eating rice?
 To have Verb দ্বারা গরিে Tense এর negative কররে to have verb এর ঩র not বসরব। তেমন, He has not
gone to school. We have not eaten rice.
 To have Verb দ্বারা গরিে Tense এর Interrogative কররে Subject এর ঩ূরবে To have verb বসরব। তেমন, has
he gone to school? Have we eaten rice?
 To have Verb দ্বারা গরিে Tense এর Interrogative-negative কররে Subject এর ঩ূরবে To have verb এবং
Subject এর ঩র not বসরব। তেমন, Has he not gone to school? Had we not eaten rice?
 Each, every, one of, everyone, each of আেযারির ঩র verb singular হয়। তেমন, everybody likes this
garden. Each of the boys goes to school. One of the boys tells a lie.
 To be verb এবং having verb এর ঩র বসা ঄঩র Verb রির Past Participle Form হয়। তেমন, She wanted the
work to be done by him. He left the meeting having no decision.
 As though/as if, wish থাকরে Subject এর ঩র were বসরব। তেমন, He hurried as though he were late to
attend the meeting. He talks as if he were a commander. I wish I were a king.
 It is high time, it is time, wish, fancy আেযারি থাকরে subject এর ঩র verb এর past tense হয়। তেমন, It is
high tiem he could co this. I wish I called on him. I fancy I flew in the sky.
 Sentence এর শুরুরে would that থাকরে Subject এর ঩র could এবং োর঩র মূে verb এর present form হয়।
তেমন, Would that I could reach to the station.
 Main verb এর ঩রর mind, worth, without, could not help, can not help, with a view to, look forward
to, get used to, would you mind এবং োর঩র Preposition থাকরে ঩রবেেী verb এর সারথ ing েুক্ত হরব। তেমন,

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I could not help laughing. He returned without taking the charge. He came with a view to reading
newspaper.
 Passive voice গিন কররে to be verb এর ঩র মূে verb এর past participle form হয়। তেমন, The work was
done by him. Rice is eaten by him.
 Passive voice গিন কররে to have verb এর ঩র been এবং ো঩র মূে verb এর past participle form হয়।
তেমন, The work has been done by him. Rice has been eaten by him.
 As though/as if এর প্রথম ঄ংশ Present Indefinite tense হরে ঩ররর ঄ংশ Past Indefinite tense হয়। তেমন,
He talks as if he knew nothing. They work as though they could do the work all daylong.
 Narration এর রনয়ম ঄নুসারর reporting verb েরি past tense এর হয় োহরে that েুক্ত subordinate clause ও
past tense হরব। তেমন, He said that he would go home. They said that they went to Dhaka yesterday.
 If এর ঩ররর clause েরি Present Indefinite Tense হয় োহরে ঩রবেেী clause Future Indefinite tense হরব।
তেমন, If he comes, I shall go to his house. If I get the money, I shall give him thank.
 40. Past Condition এর তেরে If এর ঩ররর clause েরি Past Indefinite Tense হয় োহরে ঩রবেেী clause-এ
subject এর ঩র would/could/might হরব োর঩র মূে verb বসরব। তেমন, If he came, I would go to
school. If I got the money, I could buy a computer. I would help him if he wanted. If I were a bird,
I would fly in the sky. েরব would/could/might এর ঩র েরি have থারক োহরে would/could/might ঩ররর
verb রির past participle form হরব। তেমন, If I were a king, I could have helped the poor. If I were a
bird, I would have flown in the sky.
 তকান বাকয There দ্বারা শুরু হরে োরে েরিSubject singular হয় োহরে verb এর singular হরব। Subject Plural
হরে verb plural হরব। তেমন, There was a king. There are some books on the table.
 এর শুরুরে েরি scarcely/hardly থারক োহরে ঩রবেেী clause when দ্বারা েুক্ত হরব।
Scarcely/hardly এর had এবং োর঩র Subject বসরব। Subject এর ঩র Verb এর Past participle form হরব।
when এর ঩ররর clause Past Indefinite Tense এর হরব। তেমন, Scarcely had he gone to school than his
teacher entered the class room. Hardly had he reached the station than the train left.
 এর শুরুরে েরি No sooner থারক োহরে ঩রবেেী clause than দ্বারা েুক্ত হরব। No sooner এর ঩র
had এবং োর঩র Subject বসরব। Subject এর ঩র Verb এর Past participle form হরব। than এর ঩ররর
clause Past Indefinite Tense এর হরব। তেমন, No sooner had the teacher entered the class room than
the students stood up.
 While এর ঩র verb থাকরে উক্ত verb এর সারথ ing েুক্ত হয়। েরব While এর ঩রর subjectথাকরে উক্ত subjectএর
঩র past continuous tense হরব। তেমন, While walking on the road, he found an elephant. While he was
walking alone on the desert, he heard a strange noise.

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 Lestএর ঩রর তে subject থারক োর঩র should/might বরস এবং োর঩র এর verbএর present form বরস। তেমন,
He hurried lest he miss the bus. They ran fast lest it rained.
 দিঘেয, ঩ররমাণ বা স্থান plural বুঝারেও Verb singular হরব। তেমন, Fifty miles is a long distance. Five hours is
sufficient to finish this work.
 তকান কাজ ঄েীরে শুরু হরয় এখরনা চেরে এমন বুঝারে present perfect continuous tense হয়। তেমন, I have
been reading in this school for three years. He has been serving in this office for ten years.
 রহরসরব প্রথরম 2
nd
person ো঩র 3
rd
person এর঩র 1
st
person বরস। েরব তশষ Subjct এর person ও
number ঄নুসারর verb বসরব। তেমন, You, he and I shall go to market.
 েরব তিাষ বুঝারে প্রথরম 1
st
person োর঩র 2nd person এর঩র 3
rd
person বসরব। তেমন, I, you and he are to
blame.
 েখন have, has, had, get, got verb গুরে causative verb রূর঩ বযবহৃে হয় েখন মূে verb এর past participle
form হয়। তেমন, I got the work done by him. She had the routine written by the teacher.
 And দ্বারা িুরি subjectেরি একআ বযরক্তরক রনরিেশ করর োহরে verb singular হয়। তেমন, The secretary and
headmaster of the school was present in the meeting.
 And দ্বারা িুরি subject েরি রভ্ন্ন রভ্ন্ন বযরক্তরক রনরিেশ করর োহরে verb plural হয়। তেমন, The president and the
Headmaster of the school were present in the meeting.
 Infinitive verb এর ঩ূরবে go verb থাকরে উক্ত verb এর সারথ ing তোগ হরব। তেমন, I am going to meet a
doctor. He is going to join the army.
 All এর ঩র verb এর plural হরব। েরব proverb বুঝারে verb singular হরব। তেমন, All that glitter is not gold.
All wells that end wells.
 And দ্বারা একারধক subjectেুক্ত হরয় singular subjectরূর঩ ঄থে প্রকাশ ত঩রে verb singular হরব। তেমন, Slow and
steady wins the race. Bread and butter is my favourite food.
 Adjective এর অরগ the বরস এক জােীয় সবাআরক বুঝারে verb plural হয়। তেমন, The rich are not always
happy. The poor are not dishonest.
 একারধক singular subject and দ্বারা েুক্ত হরে verb plural হয়। তেমন, Raja and Ratan have done this work.
Gold and silver have I none.
 Public, people, peasantry, cattle, aristocracy, mankind, poultry, gentry আেযারি noun তিখরে singular
হরেও এরির ঩রর plural verb বরস। তেমন, Our people are poor. Cattle are grazing in the field. Mankind
are the best creation of God.

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 ঄বশয mathematics, politics, news, wages, gallows তিখরে plural হরেও এরির ঩র singular verb বরস। তেমন,
Ill news runs quickly. Politics is my interesting subjects. Mathematics seems to be very hard to me.
 বারকয keep, help, remain প্রভ্ৃ রে verb এর ঩রর ঄বরস্থে verb এর সারথ ing েুক্ত হরব। তেমন, He remained
talking. We kept laughing.
 অবার keep, remain প্রভ্ৃ রে verb এর ঩রর ঄বরস্থে verb এর past participle form হরব। তেমন, He remained
unchanged. We kept the work undone.
 এর ঩রর subject বরস। উক্ত subject এর ঩রর auxiliary verb can/could বরস। তেমন, He worked
hard so that he could succeed in the examination. They joined the army so that they could serve
the country.
 As if এর ঩র verb এর past tense হয়। তেমন, He works as if he could do all. He talks as if he were a
scholar.
Conditional Sentences
Conditional Sentences
If I have time, I will go. I would help you, if I were a king এখারন েেণীয় প্ররেরি বারকযআ একরি করর শেে বা
condition প্রকাশ ঩ারে। অর এমরন ভ্ারব তকান বাকযরক তকান শেে বা condition প্রকাশ ত঩রে োরক conditional
Sentence বরে।
N.B. Conditional Sentence এ ২ রি ঄ংশ থারক ‘If’রিরয় েুক্ত ঄ংশ তক .If clause বরে এবং ঄঩র ঄ংশ তক Main clause
বরে। If clause রি বারকযর শুরুরেও হরে ঩ারর অবার তশরষও হরে ঩ারর। উ঩ররর Example েেয কর।
Classifications
Conditional sentence ২ প্রকার:-
1. The real conditional (Factual and Habitual)
2. The unreal conditional(Contrary to fact or hypothetical)
The real conditional (Possibly true)
এআ রূ঩ Conditional Sentence. এ If clause এ তে কাজরির কথা উরেখ থারক ো ঘিা ঩ুর঩ুরর সম্ভব।
এবং এ ধররনর Conditional Sentence এ Future time habitual fact এবং Command সূচক কারজর উরেখ থারক।

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Structure (Future time)
If+ Simple Present tense + Subject + Shall/Will/Can/May/Must + Verb in simple form
If I have money, will buy a new car.
If it stops raining, you can go outside.
You must get A+, if you study hard.
You may be happy, if you have much money.
Structure (Habitual fact)
If+ Subject+ Simple present tense+ Simple present
John usually walks to school if he has enough time.
If man drinks poison, he dies.
Demand decreases, if prices are high.
Structure (Command)
If + subject+ simple present tense + command form
*If you go to the post office, mail this letter for me.
*Call me if you hear from Jane.
Unreal Conditions (Not True)
এ ধররনর Conditional sentence, past, present ঄থবা Future -এর এমন তকান কাজ তক বুঝায় ো ঘিার কথা রেে রকন্তু
ঘরিরন এবং সম্ভবও নয়।
Structure (present or future time)
If +Simple past tense+ subject+ would/could/might+ verb in simple form
*If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this weekend.
*He might tell you about it, if he were here.
*If he didn’t speak so quickly, you could understand him.
Structure (past time)
If + past perfect + could have/would have/might have + verb in past participle
*If I had worked hard in my youth, I would not have suffered.
*We could have written you a letter, if we had known that you were here.
*She might have sold the house if she had found the right buyer.

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Note: Past unreal conditional sentence তক if োড়াও প্রকাশ করা োয়। তসরেরে Auxiliary ‘had’ তক subject এর
঩ূরবে রেখরে হয় ।
*Structure: Had + subject + verb in past participle.
Had we known, that you were there, we could have written you a letter.
Had she found the right buyer, she might have sold the house.
Other conditional expression
Unless + affirmative verb, is similar to If+ negative verb. Example:
Unless I hurry, I’ll miss my bus.
(If I don’t hurry, I’ll miss my buss.)
In case and if এর বযবহার
 In case ঄থে ঩ারে েরি ঄থোৎ in case দ্বারা তকান বাকযরক শেেহীনো বুঝায়।
*I’ll give you the book, in case you need it. ঄থোৎ অরম তোমারক বআরি তিব েুরম চাও বা না চাও।
*If ঄থে েরি, আহা বারকয বযবহৃে হরয় তকান শেে প্রকাশ করর।
*I’ll give you the book, if you need it.
Meaning and use of ‘As’
 *Asএর Relative pronoun রহসারব বযবহারঃ
Such + Noun + as:
Inc: He needs such a boy who will be honest.
Cor: I’ll buy the same shirt as you bought.
So + adjective+ as:
Inc: She is not so beautiful like her sister.
Cor: She is not so beautiful as her sister.
 ‘As’ েখনAlthough এর ঄থে তিয় েখন রনরনাক্ত structure ঄নুসরণ কররে হয়ঃ
Adjective + as + subject:
Inc: As he is wise, he will not understand it.
Cor: wise as he is, he will not understand it.

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