Review lesson on reproduction in plants and humans for Secondary 4 NA students

1. Reproduction

2. Overview
• What is reproduction
• Function of reproduction
• Sexual reproduction in humans
• Sexual reproduction in plants

3. What is reproduction
Reproduction
Sexual
reproduction
Two parents
Similar
genetically
Asexual
reproduction
One parent
Identical
genetically

4. Function of reproduction
• To ensure the continuity of the species

5. Sexual reproduction in plants
• Parts of the flower
• Function of the parts of the flower
• Pollination
• Fertilisation

7. Functions
Petals
• Attract pollinators
Male partAnthers
• Produce pollen grain
FemaleStigma
• Receives the pollen grain

8. Functions
Sepal
• Protects the bud
Male partFilament
• Supports the anther
Supports the stigmaStyle
• Receives the pollen grain

9. Functions
Ovary
• Contains the ovule
Ovule
• Contains the egg

10. Pollination
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains
from anther to the stigma

11. Post pollination and fertilisation
• The pollen grain will germinate and form a
pollen tube.
• The pollen tube will then drill through the
style into the ovary.
• It then deposits two sperms into the ovule

12. Fertilisation
• The nucleus of the sperm will fuse the nucleus
of the egg.
OR
The nuclei of the sperm and the egg will fuse.

13. Sexual reproduction in humans
• Male and female reproductive system and
parts
• Their functions
• Contraceptive methods
• STI- HIV-AIDS

15. Match the functions
Part of Male Reproductive System Function
Urethra Muscular organ that is inserted into the
vagina during sexual intercourse for the
release of sperms for fertilization.
Sperm duct Holds testicles away from body to keep
sperms cool.
Penis Produces sperms.
Testicle Tube by which sperms flow through from
the testicles into the urethra.
Scrotum Tube by which urine and sperm flow
through.

16. Understand it further
Uterus lining

17. Functions
Sex Organ Part Function
Ovary It is the place where the embryo implants
itself and develops into a fetus then a baby.
Uterus The tube by which the mature egg travels
through from the ovary to the uterus. This is
the site where fertilisation takes place
usually.
Cervix This is the structure that contains the eggs
that are released when they are mature on a
monthly basis during ovulation.
Fallopian tube The site where the penis enters during
sexual intercourse.
Vagina The opening to the uterus.

18. Contraceptive Methods: Family
planning
Family
planning
Condoms
IUD
Birth control pillsRhythm method
Ligation/vasectomy

19. Condoms
• For males
• Worn over penis to collect the sperms after
ejaculation.
• Only method that helps protect Sexually
Transmitted Infections like HIV

20. Intra Uterine Device
• Placed by doctor into the uterus for a few
years.
• Prevents the egg from implanting itself on the
uterus lining.
• No protection from STI

21. Birth Control Pills
• Synthetic (man-made) hormones that control a
woman’s ovulation.
• She is unable to ovulate hence, no egg is
produced for fertilisation.
• Taken orally everyday.
• No protection from STI

22. Ligation and Vasectomy
• Surgical procedures in male and females.
• Ligation is for females.
• Vasectomy is for males.
• It can be permanent (cutting) or reversible (tying)
• It does not protect a person from STI

23. Ligation

24. Vasectomy

25. Rhythm Method
• Having sexual intercourse before ovulation.
• Needs to study the menstrual cycle of a
woman.

26. Menstruation cycle

27. By observing this diagram…
• One cycle is 28 days long
• It has a few important sections:
-Day 1-5: Menstruation (bleeding happens)
-Day 11-15: Ovulation happens (release of a
mature egg for fertilisation)
-Day 6-10: Infertile (no ovulation)

29. As such…
• Hence the best time to have baby
successfully is usually during the fertile
period of:
• Day 11-15 because the mature egg is ready.
• And the best time to avoid having a baby is
usually during the infertile period of:
• Day 6-10

31. 2 hormones control the menstrual
cycle
• Oestrogen (Estrogen)
• Progesterone
• Oestrogen- repairs the uterine lining (HENCE
IT IS HIGHEST DURING DAY 6-10)
• Progesterone maintains the uterine lining for
implantation of zygote (AFTER DAY 10)

32. HIV
• Transmitted by the body fluids and blood (VIRUS
IS WEAKENED BY ENZYMES IN SALIVA)
• Sexual intercourse
• Blood transfusion
• Sharing of needles
• Tatooing
• Sharing of toothbrush
• Sharing of nailclippers