General Anatomy of Muscles in a precise manner.

1. GENERAL ASPECTSGENERAL ASPECTS
OF MUSCLESOF MUSCLES
DEFINATION OF MUSCLESDEFINATION OF MUSCLES
It is a contractile tissue which brings aboutIt is a contractile tissue which brings about
movementmovement
It is one of the mechanical effector organ ofIt is one of the mechanical effector organ of
the bodythe body
Four important characteristics beingFour important characteristics being
excitability, contractility, extensibility andexcitability, contractility, extensibility and
elasticityelasticity
May be regarded as organs consisting ofMay be regarded as organs consisting of
muscular and connecting tissuesmuscular and connecting tissues

2. CLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLESCLASSIFICATION OF MUSCLES
 DEVELOPMEMTAL CLASSIFICATIONDEVELOPMEMTAL CLASSIFICATION
1.Ectodermal e.g sphincter and1.Ectodermal e.g sphincter and
dilator pupillaedilator pupillae
2.Endodrmal e.g myoepitheliocytes2.Endodrmal e.g myoepitheliocytes
of salivary glandsof salivary glands
3.Mesodermal e.g rest of the3.Mesodermal e.g rest of the
muscles including skeletal, smoothmuscles including skeletal, smooth
and cardiac musclesand cardiac muscles

3. STRUCTURAL & FUNCTIONALSTRUCTURAL & FUNCTIONAL
CLASSIFICATIONCLASSIFICATION
 Striated musclesStriated muscles
SkeletalSkeletal
CardiacCardiac
 Non striated musclesNon striated muscles

4. SKELETAL MUSCLESSKELETAL MUSCLES
NOMENCLATURENOMENCLATURE
 Geometrical shape e.g rhomboid,trapezoidGeometrical shape e.g rhomboid,trapezoid
 Number of heads of origin e.g bicepsNumber of heads of origin e.g biceps
 Location e.g temporalis,supraspinatousLocation e.g temporalis,supraspinatous
 Structural appearance e.g semitendinosusStructural appearance e.g semitendinosus
 Attachments e.g stylohoidAttachments e.g stylohoid
 Functions e.g adductor longusFunctions e.g adductor longus
 Direction of fibres e.g rectus, transversusDirection of fibres e.g rectus, transversus
 Size e.g minimus, maximusSize e.g minimus, maximus
 Position e.g palmar, superficialisPosition e.g palmar, superficialis

5. ORGANIZATION OF SKELETALORGANIZATION OF SKELETAL
MUSCLESMUSCLES
 TWO ENDSTWO ENDS
ORIGIN, INSERTIONORIGIN, INSERTION
 TWO PARTSTWO PARTS
FLESHY : BellyFLESHY : Belly
FIBROUS : Tendons, AponeurosisFIBROUS : Tendons, Aponeurosis

6. STRUCTURE OF A SKELETALSTRUCTURE OF A SKELETAL
MUSCLEMUSCLE
 CONTRACTILE TISSUECONTRACTILE TISSUE
Fibres,FibrilsFibres,Fibrils
 SUPPORTING TISSUESUPPORTING TISSUE
Endomysium, Perimysium,Endomysium, Perimysium,
EpimysiumEpimysium

11. MODES OF ATTACHMENTSMODES OF ATTACHMENTS
OF SKELETAL MUSCLESOF SKELETAL MUSCLES
 CartilagesCartilages
• Inferior constrictor muscles of pharynx from thyroidInferior constrictor muscles of pharynx from thyroid
cartilage of larynxcartilage of larynx
 FasciaFascia
• Platysma muscle of neck from fascia covering pectoralisPlatysma muscle of neck from fascia covering pectoralis
major and deltoidmajor and deltoid
 TendonsTendons
• Lumbricals of hand and foot from long flexor muscles ofLumbricals of hand and foot from long flexor muscles of
digitsdigits
 LigamentsLigaments
• Trapezius from ligamentum nuchae and supraspinousTrapezius from ligamentum nuchae and supraspinous
ligamentsligaments

12. CLASSIFICATION OF SKELETALCLASSIFICATION OF SKELETAL
MUSCLESMUSCLES
 ARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATIONARCHITECTURAL CLASSIFICATION
A. PARALLEL MUSCLESA. PARALLEL MUSCLES
1.QUADRILATERAL e.g thyrohyoid1.QUADRILATERAL e.g thyrohyoid
2.STRAP e.g sartorius2.STRAP e.g sartorius
3.FUSIFORM e.g biceps brachii3.FUSIFORM e.g biceps brachii
B. OBLIQUE MUSCLESB. OBLIQUE MUSCLES
1.TRIANGULAR e.g temporalis1.TRIANGULAR e.g temporalis
2.CIRCULAR e.g orbicularis oculi2.CIRCULAR e.g orbicularis oculi
3.DIGASTRIC e.g omohyoid3.DIGASTRIC e.g omohyoid
4.PENNATE4.PENNATE
UNIPENNATE e.g flexor policis longusUNIPENNATE e.g flexor policis longus
BIPENNATE e.g dorsal interossei, flexor hallucisBIPENNATE e.g dorsal interossei, flexor hallucis
longuslongus
MULTIPENNATE e.g deltoidMULTIPENNATE e.g deltoid
C.SPIRAL/TWISTED FASCICULI e.g pectoralis majorC.SPIRAL/TWISTED FASCICULI e.g pectoralis major

16. REGIONAL CLASSIFICATIONREGIONAL CLASSIFICATION
 MUSCLES OF HEAD AND NECKMUSCLES OF HEAD AND NECK
 MUSCLES OF ABDOMEN, THORAXMUSCLES OF ABDOMEN, THORAX
AND PELVISAND PELVIS
 MUSCLES OF UPPER LIMBMUSCLES OF UPPER LIMB
 MUSCLES OF LOWER LIMBMUSCLES OF LOWER LIMB

17. COLOR AND CONTRACTIONCOLOR AND CONTRACTION
 RED MUSCLESRED MUSCLES
 WHITE MUSCLESWHITE MUSCLES
 INTERMEDIATE TYPEINTERMEDIATE TYPE

18. PHYSIOLOGICAL ACTIONPHYSIOLOGICAL ACTION
 PRIME MOVERSPRIME MOVERS
 ANTAGONISTSANTAGONISTS
 SYNERGISTSSYNERGISTS
 FIXATORSFIXATORS

19. BLOOD SUPPLY OFBLOOD SUPPLY OF
SKELETAL MUSCLESSKELETAL MUSCLES

20. NERVE SUPPLY OF SKELETALNERVE SUPPLY OF SKELETAL
MUSCLESMUSCLES
 MOTOR FIBRESMOTOR FIBRES
 SENSORY FIBRESSENSORY FIBRES
 MUSCLE SPINDLESMUSCLE SPINDLES
 MOTOR POINTMOTOR POINT
 MOTOR UNITMOTOR UNIT

25. CLINICAL ASPECTS OFCLINICAL ASPECTS OF
MUSCLESMUSCLES
 PARALYSISPARALYSIS
 MUSCULAR STRAIN AND SPASMMUSCULAR STRAIN AND SPASM
 ATROPHY AND HYPERETROPHYATROPHY AND HYPERETROPHY
 REGENERATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLEREGENERATION OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
 MYSTHENIA GRAVISMYSTHENIA GRAVIS
 POLYMYOSITISPOLYMYOSITIS
 ANGINA PECTORISANGINA PECTORIS
 MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIAMYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA