2. CULTURE AND EDUCATION
AND
IMAM GHAZALI VIEWS ON EDUCATION
TARIQ ALI
Cell No : 03469196279
&
03347027177
E-mail: tariq_shah98@yahoo.com
BY TARIQ ALI

3. CULTURE
The way of life, especially the general customs and
beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular
time.(clothing, houses shapes , dishes)
CUSTOM
A way of behaving or a belief which has been
established for a long time.

4. BELIEFS
The feeling of being certain that something exists or is
true belief, principle or way of acting which people in
a particular society or group have continued to follow
for a long time, or all of these beliefs, etc. in a
particular society or group.
TRADITIONS
A belief, principle or way of acting which people in a
particular society or group have continued to follow
for a long time, or all of these beliefs, etc. in a
particular society or group

5. 5
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
1. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
2. FORMULATION OF OBJECTIVES
3. SELECTION AND ORGANIZATION OF CONTENTS
4. TEACHING METHODOLOGY
5. EVALUATION

6. 6
Abu Hamid al-Ghazali was born in the city of Tus,
northern Persia (Iran), in the year 450t-i/1058
Al-Ghazali, known in Europe as Algazel
Al-Ghazali studied in Jurjan and Naisapur and
became the head of the Nizamiya school in Baghdad,
where he was involved in the political and religious issues
of his time. He gave up his position of influence to take up
devotional retreat in Damascus. From this important
period of his life came the masterpiece Ihya Ulum al-
Deen, The Revivification of the Religious Sciences. This,
along with his other distinguished works, Ayuhal Walad
and Bidayatul Hidayah made a great contribution to the
development of educational philosophy.

7. According to Al-Ghazali, "knowledge
exists potentially in the human soul
like the seed in the soil; by learning
the potential becomes actual."

8. He has divided knowledge into two parts:
1… Religious knowledge (Revealed religion),
And
 2…. Secular (or instrumental/Adopted Religion)
knowledge (Ilm al-Áliyah).
The former is acquired from the Qur’an and
Sunnah. It is the most dignified knowledge and it
is without doubt.
The second type of knowledge is needed to
enhance the understanding of the former
since it was a revelation.

9. Imam al-Ghazali subdivided the secular subjects into
three subcategories:

1. Beneficial knowledge: This
encapsulates those sciences that will benefit society
and helps it to progress, e.g. medical knowledge and
mathematics. Accordingly, the acquisition of these
sciences and disciplines is Fard al-Kifayyah, i.e. if nobody
acquires it, then the entire Muslim community of a
particular locality will be sinful.

10. 2. Neutral Knowledge:
This category encapsulates those disciplines that
will not really enhance one’s beneficial knowledge
but there is nothing wrong if they are studied, e.g.
the History/Ideology/Politics/Religions/Beliefs.
3.Harmful Knowledge:
This category comprises of those disciplines
which are harmful, such as Black Magic and
Gambling. It is therefore, haram to acquire
such knowledge.