SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 24
Descargar para leer sin conexión
Basics of copyright and open
content for educators
Tarmo Toikkanen
Creative Commons Finland
2013-08-28
Contents
1.Short history of copyright
2.Present day
2.1.What is protected by
copyright?
2.2.What does copyright protection
mean?
2.3.What rights do others have for
protected works?
3.Future
3.1.Remixing
3.2.Open licenses, Creative
Commons
Image:SteveJurvetson,CCBY
www.opettajantekijänoikeus.fi/kopiokissa/osa4
Bookshops
were an important
part of the markets
in ancient Rome.
The number of
copies was also
reremarkable.
China has
the longest
history in
book printing. Books
were copied even
before the
year 2year 220.
Copycat
part 4: History
of Copyright
The term of protection for
Austen’s works has expired.
You can do nearly whatever
you want with them!
Could I instead rewrite today’s
news item into a crime novel and
post it on my blog?
Today we’ll practice writing
techniques by creating
variations of Jane Austen’s
‘Pride and Prejudice’.
70 years of protection
still seems pretty long...
Copying and
preserving of text
was a respected
profession in
buddhist India.
But in ancient Rome, slave factories could
make thousands of copies in a day.
Poets of the time were
naturally not pleased.
Monks in monasteries copied books
by hand. Copyright was not needed
since not that many copies
were being made.
But book making
did not change overnight.
The traditional way of
writing books by hand
lasted for over
a century.
Gutenberg’s printing press
made book printing fast in
the 15th century Europe.
Actually,
no it
wasn’t.
I know! Copyright
was created because of
Gutenberg’s
printing press!
Tove
Jansson’s family
is doing very
well by selling
rights to
her works.
What good
are those
rights when
you’re dead?
Term of
protection?
Well,
do we have Austen’s
permission then?
70 years after
the author’s death.
Hey!
That’s my
poem!
543 pages
to go...
I
performed
it yesterday
at Obelix’s
party
...
NO! You can’t adapt
others’ works without
permission!
Authors:TarmoToikkanenandSannaVilmusenaho
What is protected by copyright?
Works
Anything that is original enough so
that no-one else could create the
same independently.
Photographs
Video and
audio recordings
TV and radio
broadcasts
Performances Related rights
This lecture: a
literary work
Example
Me reading
this aloud:
performance Audio
recording of my
performance
image: Tom Bell, CC BY-SA
What does copyright protection mean?
Reproduction
The author has exclusive rights to
the protected work.
Dissemination
Publication
Moral rights
Performing
publicly
This lecture: a
literary work
Example
Me reading
this aloud:
performance Audio
recording of my
performance
Reproduction: as an
audio recording
Dissemination:
slideshare
Publication: online
Moral rights
Performing
publicly
Varies by country
What rights do others have for protected works?
Ideas
Reselling
Private use
Fair use
Citation
Educational non-
commercial fair use
Parody and satire
Needs of impaired
people
Cultural institutions
“A remix is a song that has been edited to sound
different from the original version.
A remix may also refer to a non-linear re-
interpretation of a given work or media other than
audio..” --Wikipedia
COPYRIGHT (CITATION)
Mikael
Agricola
1510-1557
PUBLIC DOMAIN
source: commons.wikimedia.org
Benjamin
Franklin
1706-1790
“... even short Hints and imperfect
Experiments in any new Branch of
Science, being communicated, have
oftentimes a good Effect, in exciting
the attention of the Ingenious to the
Subject, and so becoming the Occasion
of more exact disquisitions ... and more
compleat Discoveries ...” PUBLIC DOMAIN
Image:symmetry_mind,CCBY-SA
Trading exclusive rights for more visibility
>350 000
musical works
>200 000 000
photos
You aren't signed in Sign In Help
Search
Tame raindeer
Comments and faves
Favorite Actions Share Newer Older
photo
Add your comment here...
This photo belongs to
License
Privacy
This photo was taken on July 14, 2006 in
Lapland, Lapland, FI, using a Konica Minolta DiMAGE
Z1.
No real name given + Add Contact
By symmetry_mind
13 views
symmetry_mind's photostream (200)
Tags
Finland Lapland Pyhä summer
raindeer
Some rights reserved
Home The Tour Sign Up Explore Upload
Collaborating across organizational boundaries
>10 000 000
articles
>13 000 000
media files
Open educational resources
>5 000
courses >50 000
educational
resources
>20 000
modules
>38 000
resources
BY: Attribution
Give credit to the author.
Mention the CC license that
has been used.
If you adapt a work, mention
the original author and
yourself, and clarify what each
has made. Link to the original
work if possible.
ND: NoDerivatives
Forbids adaptations and
modifications.
The work can be distributed
only in its original form.
SA: ShareAlike
Affects only adaptations.
The published adaptation
must be licensed with the
same license.
Ensures that freedom is
retained in future derivative
versions.
NC: NonCommercial
Limits the rights given in the
CC license to affect only non-
commercial activities.
Slightly problematic, since
defining what is commercial is
sometimes difficult.
CC licenses
Basics of copyright and open
content for educators
Tarmo Toikkanen
Creative Commons Finland
2013-08-28

Más contenido relacionado

Similar a Basics of copyright and open content for educators

Copyright, creative commons and artistic integrity
Copyright, creative commons and artistic integrityCopyright, creative commons and artistic integrity
Copyright, creative commons and artistic integrity
yagankiely
 
Research, Copyright & Creative Commons
Research, Copyright & Creative CommonsResearch, Copyright & Creative Commons
Research, Copyright & Creative Commons
Mathias Klang
 
Historical sketch at Union
Historical sketch at UnionHistorical sketch at Union
Historical sketch at Union
Bryan Alexander
 
Information is correct, knowledge is relevant
Information is correct, knowledge is relevantInformation is correct, knowledge is relevant
Information is correct, knowledge is relevant
Mathias Klang
 
Historical intro for social software
Historical intro for social softwareHistorical intro for social software
Historical intro for social software
Bryan Alexander
 
Historical intro for social software
Historical intro for social softwareHistorical intro for social software
Historical intro for social software
Bryan Alexander
 
Feb 24th Monday Night VisRhet
Feb 24th Monday Night VisRhetFeb 24th Monday Night VisRhet
Feb 24th Monday Night VisRhet
Miami University
 
Research, Technology, and Engagement
Research, Technology, and EngagementResearch, Technology, and Engagement
Research, Technology, and Engagement
Robert J. Stein
 

Similar a Basics of copyright and open content for educators (20)

The public domain book it
The public domain book itThe public domain book it
The public domain book it
 
Copyright, creative commons and artistic integrity
Copyright, creative commons and artistic integrityCopyright, creative commons and artistic integrity
Copyright, creative commons and artistic integrity
 
Essay Of To Kill A Mockingbird. ️ Topic sentence for to kill a mockingbird es...
Essay Of To Kill A Mockingbird. ️ Topic sentence for to kill a mockingbird es...Essay Of To Kill A Mockingbird. ️ Topic sentence for to kill a mockingbird es...
Essay Of To Kill A Mockingbird. ️ Topic sentence for to kill a mockingbird es...
 
Why use OER?
Why use OER?Why use OER?
Why use OER?
 
VRA 2009 (text version)
VRA 2009 (text version)VRA 2009 (text version)
VRA 2009 (text version)
 
Research, Copyright & Creative Commons
Research, Copyright & Creative CommonsResearch, Copyright & Creative Commons
Research, Copyright & Creative Commons
 
Historical sketch at Union
Historical sketch at UnionHistorical sketch at Union
Historical sketch at Union
 
"Imagining a Smithsonian Commons" CIL 2009 Michael Edson (text version)
"Imagining a Smithsonian Commons" CIL 2009 Michael Edson (text version)"Imagining a Smithsonian Commons" CIL 2009 Michael Edson (text version)
"Imagining a Smithsonian Commons" CIL 2009 Michael Edson (text version)
 
Information is correct, knowledge is relevant
Information is correct, knowledge is relevantInformation is correct, knowledge is relevant
Information is correct, knowledge is relevant
 
The Nature of Illumination: Cultural Heritage and the Technology of Culture.
The Nature of Illumination: Cultural Heritage and the Technology of Culture.The Nature of Illumination: Cultural Heritage and the Technology of Culture.
The Nature of Illumination: Cultural Heritage and the Technology of Culture.
 
Historical intro for social software
Historical intro for social softwareHistorical intro for social software
Historical intro for social software
 
Historical intro for social software
Historical intro for social softwareHistorical intro for social software
Historical intro for social software
 
Remix Mega-Mix for Digital Rhetoric and Writing
Remix Mega-Mix for Digital Rhetoric and WritingRemix Mega-Mix for Digital Rhetoric and Writing
Remix Mega-Mix for Digital Rhetoric and Writing
 
Kreativitetsrätt
KreativitetsrättKreativitetsrätt
Kreativitetsrätt
 
Copyright Personal Use Paper and Annotated Bibliography
Copyright Personal Use Paper and Annotated BibliographyCopyright Personal Use Paper and Annotated Bibliography
Copyright Personal Use Paper and Annotated Bibliography
 
Authority, property, piracy: from copyright to the commons
Authority, property, piracy: from copyright to the commonsAuthority, property, piracy: from copyright to the commons
Authority, property, piracy: from copyright to the commons
 
Feb 24th Monday Night VisRhet
Feb 24th Monday Night VisRhetFeb 24th Monday Night VisRhet
Feb 24th Monday Night VisRhet
 
Research, Technology, and Engagement
Research, Technology, and EngagementResearch, Technology, and Engagement
Research, Technology, and Engagement
 
Copyright, Creative Commons, and Fair Dealing
Copyright, Creative Commons, and Fair DealingCopyright, Creative Commons, and Fair Dealing
Copyright, Creative Commons, and Fair Dealing
 
Project 4 part i
Project 4 part iProject 4 part i
Project 4 part i
 

Más de Tarmo Toikkanen

Sosiaalinen media yrittäjyyskasvatuksen mahdollistajana
Sosiaalinen media yrittäjyyskasvatuksen mahdollistajanaSosiaalinen media yrittäjyyskasvatuksen mahdollistajana
Sosiaalinen media yrittäjyyskasvatuksen mahdollistajana
Tarmo Toikkanen
 

Más de Tarmo Toikkanen (20)

Ketterät projektit
Ketterät projektitKetterät projektit
Ketterät projektit
 
Tekijänoikeudet verkossa
Tekijänoikeudet verkossaTekijänoikeudet verkossa
Tekijänoikeudet verkossa
 
Kansalaiselle: Verkkoaineiston hyödyntäminen mediatuotannossa
Kansalaiselle: Verkkoaineiston hyödyntäminen mediatuotannossaKansalaiselle: Verkkoaineiston hyödyntäminen mediatuotannossa
Kansalaiselle: Verkkoaineiston hyödyntäminen mediatuotannossa
 
Peruskouluun: Verkkoaineiston hyödyntäminen mediatuotannossa
Peruskouluun: Verkkoaineiston hyödyntäminen mediatuotannossaPeruskouluun: Verkkoaineiston hyödyntäminen mediatuotannossa
Peruskouluun: Verkkoaineiston hyödyntäminen mediatuotannossa
 
Johdanto sosiaaliseen mediaan
Johdanto sosiaaliseen mediaanJohdanto sosiaaliseen mediaan
Johdanto sosiaaliseen mediaan
 
Opettajan tekijänoikeudet, ITK 2011
Opettajan tekijänoikeudet, ITK 2011Opettajan tekijänoikeudet, ITK 2011
Opettajan tekijänoikeudet, ITK 2011
 
Avoimet sisällöt ja lisenssit
Avoimet sisällöt ja lisenssitAvoimet sisällöt ja lisenssit
Avoimet sisällöt ja lisenssit
 
Mitä opettajan tulisi tietää tekijänoikeudesta
Mitä opettajan tulisi tietää tekijänoikeudestaMitä opettajan tulisi tietää tekijänoikeudesta
Mitä opettajan tulisi tietää tekijänoikeudesta
 
Tekijänoikeudet ja lisenssit (AVO)
Tekijänoikeudet ja lisenssit (AVO)Tekijänoikeudet ja lisenssit (AVO)
Tekijänoikeudet ja lisenssit (AVO)
 
Sosiaalinen media yrittäjyyskasvatuksen mahdollistajana
Sosiaalinen media yrittäjyyskasvatuksen mahdollistajanaSosiaalinen media yrittäjyyskasvatuksen mahdollistajana
Sosiaalinen media yrittäjyyskasvatuksen mahdollistajana
 
Avoimet lisenssit
Avoimet lisenssitAvoimet lisenssit
Avoimet lisenssit
 
Avoimet sisällöt liiketoiminnassa
Avoimet sisällöt liiketoiminnassaAvoimet sisällöt liiketoiminnassa
Avoimet sisällöt liiketoiminnassa
 
Education in Finland
Education in FinlandEducation in Finland
Education in Finland
 
SoMe eilen ja huomenna
SoMe eilen ja huomennaSoMe eilen ja huomenna
SoMe eilen ja huomenna
 
Tietosuoja ja tekijänoikeus
Tietosuoja ja tekijänoikeusTietosuoja ja tekijänoikeus
Tietosuoja ja tekijänoikeus
 
Sosiaalinen media oppimisen tukena - mennyttä, tulevaa ja toimivaa
Sosiaalinen media oppimisen tukena - mennyttä, tulevaa ja toimivaaSosiaalinen media oppimisen tukena - mennyttä, tulevaa ja toimivaa
Sosiaalinen media oppimisen tukena - mennyttä, tulevaa ja toimivaa
 
Opettajan identiteetti sosiaalisessa mediassa
Opettajan identiteetti sosiaalisessa mediassaOpettajan identiteetti sosiaalisessa mediassa
Opettajan identiteetti sosiaalisessa mediassa
 
Web 2.0 ohjelmistotuotannossa
Web 2.0 ohjelmistotuotannossaWeb 2.0 ohjelmistotuotannossa
Web 2.0 ohjelmistotuotannossa
 
Tekijänoikeuden perusteet
Tekijänoikeuden perusteetTekijänoikeuden perusteet
Tekijänoikeuden perusteet
 
Tekijänoikeus opetuksessa
Tekijänoikeus opetuksessaTekijänoikeus opetuksessa
Tekijänoikeus opetuksessa
 

Último

1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
QucHHunhnh
 
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptxSeal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
negromaestrong
 
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdfMaking and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Chris Hunter
 

Último (20)

Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin ClassesMixin Classes in Odoo 17  How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
Mixin Classes in Odoo 17 How to Extend Models Using Mixin Classes
 
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
This PowerPoint helps students to consider the concept of infinity.
 
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
ICT role in 21st century education and it's challenges.
 
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptxINDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
INDIA QUIZ 2024 RLAC DELHI UNIVERSITY.pptx
 
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
ComPTIA Overview | Comptia Security+ Book SY0-701
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
 
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
How to Give a Domain for a Field in Odoo 17
 
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdfMicro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
Micro-Scholarship, What it is, How can it help me.pdf
 
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptxUnit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
Unit-IV; Professional Sales Representative (PSR).pptx
 
Asian American Pacific Islander Month DDSD 2024.pptx
Asian American Pacific Islander Month DDSD 2024.pptxAsian American Pacific Islander Month DDSD 2024.pptx
Asian American Pacific Islander Month DDSD 2024.pptx
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
 
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
TỔNG ÔN TẬP THI VÀO LỚP 10 MÔN TIẾNG ANH NĂM HỌC 2023 - 2024 CÓ ĐÁP ÁN (NGỮ Â...
 
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDMeasures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
 
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-IIFood Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
Food Chain and Food Web (Ecosystem) EVS, B. Pharmacy 1st Year, Sem-II
 
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptxUnit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
Unit-V; Pricing (Pharma Marketing Management).pptx
 
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptxSeal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) 2024Final.pptx
 
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptxBasic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
 
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdfMaking and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
Making and Justifying Mathematical Decisions.pdf
 

Basics of copyright and open content for educators

  • 1. Basics of copyright and open content for educators Tarmo Toikkanen Creative Commons Finland 2013-08-28
  • 2. Contents 1.Short history of copyright 2.Present day 2.1.What is protected by copyright? 2.2.What does copyright protection mean? 2.3.What rights do others have for protected works? 3.Future 3.1.Remixing 3.2.Open licenses, Creative Commons Image:SteveJurvetson,CCBY
  • 3. www.opettajantekijänoikeus.fi/kopiokissa/osa4 Bookshops were an important part of the markets in ancient Rome. The number of copies was also reremarkable. China has the longest history in book printing. Books were copied even before the year 2year 220. Copycat part 4: History of Copyright The term of protection for Austen’s works has expired. You can do nearly whatever you want with them! Could I instead rewrite today’s news item into a crime novel and post it on my blog? Today we’ll practice writing techniques by creating variations of Jane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’. 70 years of protection still seems pretty long... Copying and preserving of text was a respected profession in buddhist India. But in ancient Rome, slave factories could make thousands of copies in a day. Poets of the time were naturally not pleased. Monks in monasteries copied books by hand. Copyright was not needed since not that many copies were being made. But book making did not change overnight. The traditional way of writing books by hand lasted for over a century. Gutenberg’s printing press made book printing fast in the 15th century Europe. Actually, no it wasn’t. I know! Copyright was created because of Gutenberg’s printing press! Tove Jansson’s family is doing very well by selling rights to her works. What good are those rights when you’re dead? Term of protection? Well, do we have Austen’s permission then? 70 years after the author’s death. Hey! That’s my poem! 543 pages to go... I performed it yesterday at Obelix’s party ... NO! You can’t adapt others’ works without permission! Authors:TarmoToikkanenandSannaVilmusenaho
  • 4. What is protected by copyright? Works Anything that is original enough so that no-one else could create the same independently. Photographs Video and audio recordings TV and radio broadcasts Performances Related rights
  • 5. This lecture: a literary work Example Me reading this aloud: performance Audio recording of my performance
  • 6. image: Tom Bell, CC BY-SA
  • 7. What does copyright protection mean? Reproduction The author has exclusive rights to the protected work. Dissemination Publication Moral rights Performing publicly
  • 8. This lecture: a literary work Example Me reading this aloud: performance Audio recording of my performance Reproduction: as an audio recording Dissemination: slideshare Publication: online Moral rights Performing publicly
  • 9. Varies by country What rights do others have for protected works? Ideas Reselling Private use Fair use Citation Educational non- commercial fair use Parody and satire Needs of impaired people Cultural institutions
  • 10. “A remix is a song that has been edited to sound different from the original version. A remix may also refer to a non-linear re- interpretation of a given work or media other than audio..” --Wikipedia
  • 13. Benjamin Franklin 1706-1790 “... even short Hints and imperfect Experiments in any new Branch of Science, being communicated, have oftentimes a good Effect, in exciting the attention of the Ingenious to the Subject, and so becoming the Occasion of more exact disquisitions ... and more compleat Discoveries ...” PUBLIC DOMAIN
  • 15. Trading exclusive rights for more visibility >350 000 musical works >200 000 000 photos
  • 16. You aren't signed in Sign In Help Search Tame raindeer Comments and faves Favorite Actions Share Newer Older photo Add your comment here... This photo belongs to License Privacy This photo was taken on July 14, 2006 in Lapland, Lapland, FI, using a Konica Minolta DiMAGE Z1. No real name given + Add Contact By symmetry_mind 13 views symmetry_mind's photostream (200) Tags Finland Lapland Pyhä summer raindeer Some rights reserved Home The Tour Sign Up Explore Upload
  • 17. Collaborating across organizational boundaries >10 000 000 articles >13 000 000 media files
  • 18. Open educational resources >5 000 courses >50 000 educational resources >20 000 modules >38 000 resources
  • 19. BY: Attribution Give credit to the author. Mention the CC license that has been used. If you adapt a work, mention the original author and yourself, and clarify what each has made. Link to the original work if possible.
  • 20. ND: NoDerivatives Forbids adaptations and modifications. The work can be distributed only in its original form.
  • 21. SA: ShareAlike Affects only adaptations. The published adaptation must be licensed with the same license. Ensures that freedom is retained in future derivative versions.
  • 22. NC: NonCommercial Limits the rights given in the CC license to affect only non- commercial activities. Slightly problematic, since defining what is commercial is sometimes difficult.
  • 24. Basics of copyright and open content for educators Tarmo Toikkanen Creative Commons Finland 2013-08-28