The United Nations defines a disaster as a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society. Disasters involve widespread human, material, economic or environmental impacts, which exceed the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Here is a presentation on how to react in case of natural disasters

1. PRESENTS:

3. SAFETY IN SCHOOLS

4. WHAT IS A DISASTER?
DISASTER is an event which –
-is generally unpredictable,
-happens instantly or without giving enough time to react
-affects a large number of people,
-disrupts normal life leading to a large scale devastation in
terms of loss of life and property
-always finding the administration and affected people
struggling to respond in the desired manner and
-leaves deep socio-psychological, political and economic
after effects which persist for a long time to come.

5. TYPES OF DISASTERS
Natural Disasters
Rain and wind storms
 Floods
Earthquakes
Volcanic eruptions
Man-Made Disasters
 Acts of war and terrorism
Fires
Water (broken pipes, leaking roofs, blocked drains)
Nuclear, Chemical and Biological disasters
Liquid chemical spills
Power failures

6. DISASTER MANAGEMENT
This usually involves four phases :

7. PHASE-1 : PREVENTION/ MITIGATION
Identify and minimize the risks posed by the
building, its equipment and fittings, and the
natural hazards of the area.
Carry out a building inspection and identify
factors which constitute a potential hazard.
Establish routine housekeeping and
maintenance measures to withstand disaster
in buildings and surrounding areas.
Install automatic fire detection and
extinguishing systems, and fire-sensing
alarms.

8. PHASE-2: PREPAREDNESS
1. Getting ready to cope.
2.Develop a written preparedness, response and
recovery plan.
3.Conducting mock drills.
4. Resource Map- Keep together supplies and
equipment required in a disaster and maintain
them.
Human resources
School Buses
Generators
Fire extinguishers
Stretchers
Drinking water sources
Health Centre in the school

9. 5. Establish and train an in-
house disaster response
team. Training in : disaster
response techniques,
identification and
marking on floor-plans.

10. 6. Prepare and keep an up-to-date set of
documentation including :
Building floor-plans, with locations of
cut-off switches and valves.
List of names, addresses, and home
telephone numbers of personnel with
emergency responsibilities, in-house
disaster response team.
Arrangements for funding emergency
needs.

11. 9. PREPARE EMERGENCY KITS
EMERGENCY KITS will have:-
Emergency supplies for all
classrooms
Emergency supplies for the
school
Accessible throughout the
building: First aid kits or
cabinets

12. PREPARING THE EMERGENCY KIT
Battery operated torch with extra batteries
First aid kit and manual
Emergency food (dry items)
and water (packed and sealed)
Candles and matches in a
waterproof container
Knife
Chlorine tablets or
powdered water purifiers
Essential medicines
Cash and credit cards

13. CONDUCTING MOCK DRILLS

15. TERRORIST ATTACK
Training in self defence techniques to
teachers, students and non-teaching staff.
Increasing the number of security staff at
school gates.
Installing CCTV cameras.
Keeping emergency contact list handy.

16. PHASE 3: RESPONSE
When disaster strikes.
 Follow established emergency procedures for raising
the alarm, evacuating personnel and making the disaster
site safe
Contact the leader of the disaster response team to
direct and brief the trained salvage personnel.
When permission is given to re-enter the site, make a
preliminary assessment of the extent of the damage, and
the equipment, supplies and services required.
Photograph damaged materials for insurance claim
purposes.

18. FIRST AID- IN CASE OF BURN
1. Stop Burning Immediately
Put out fire or stop the person's contact with hot liquid, steam, or
other material.
Help the person "stop, drop, and roll" to smother flames.
Remove smoldering material from the person.
Remove hot or burned clothing. If clothing sticks to skin, cut or tear
around it.
2. Remove Constrictive Clothing Immediately
Take off jewelry, belts, and tight clothing. Burns can swell quickly.
Then take the following steps:
3. Cool Burn
Hold burned skin under cool (not cold) running water or immerse in
cool water until pain subsides.

19. 2. Protect Burn
Cover with non-adhesive bandage or clean cloth.
Do not apply butter or ointments, which can cause infection.
3. Treat Pain
Give over-the-counter pain reliever such
as ibuprofen (Advil,Motrin), acetaminophen (Tylenol),
or naproxen (Aleve).
4. When to See a Doctor
Seek medical help if:
You see signs of infection, like increased pain, redness,
swelling, fever, or oozing.
The person needs tetanus or booster shot, depending on date
of last injection. Tetanus booster should be given every 10 years.
Redness and pain last more than a few hours.
Pain worsens.

20. EARTHQUAKE

21. MAJOR EARTHQUAKE ZONES IN INDIA
Zone Magnitude
Zone V Very High Risk
Quakes of
Magnitude 8 and
greater
Zone IV High Risk
Quakes upto
Magnitude 7.9
Zone III Moderate Risk
Quakes upto
Magnitude 6.9
Zone II Seismic
Disturbances upto
Magnitude 4.9
Source: IS 1893 (Part 1) : 2002 (BIS)
Fig: 2.1.6

24. If indoors
Protect yourself by staying under the lintel of an inner
door, in the corner of a room, under a table or even under a
bed.
Stay away from glass, windows, outside doors and walls,
and anything that could fall, (such as lighting fixtures or
furniture).
Use a doorway for shelter only if it is in close proximity to
you and if you know it is a strongly supported, load bearing
doorway.
Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go
outside. Research has shown that most injuries occur when
people inside buildings attempt to move to a different
location inside the building or try to leave.
Be aware that the electricity may go out or the sprinkler
systems or fire alarms may turn on.

25. If outdoors
Do not move from where you are. However, move
away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and utility
wires.
If you are in open space, stay there until the shaking
stops. The greatest danger exists directly outside
buildings; at exits; and alongside exterior walls. Most
earthquake-related casualties result from collapsing
walls, flying glass, and falling objects.
If in a moving vehicle
Stop as quickly as safety permits and stay in the
vehicle. Avoid stopping near or under buildings, trees,
overpasses, and utility wires.
Proceed cautiously once the earthquake has stopped.
Avoid roads, bridges, or ramps that might have been
damaged by the earthquake.

26. If trapped under debris
Do not light a match.
Do not move about or kick up dust.
Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or
clothing.
Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can
locate you. Use a whistle if one is available.
Shout only as a last resort. Shouting can
cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of
dust.

27. What to Do After an Earthquake
Keep calm, switch on the radio/TV and
obey any instructions you hear on it.
Turn off the water, gas and electricity.
Do not smoke and do not light
matches or use a cigarette lighter. Do
not turn on switches. There may be gas
leaks or short-circuits. Use a torch.

28. Avoid places where there are loose electric
wires and do not touch any metal object in
contact with them.
Do not drink water from open containers
without having examined it and filtered it
through a sieve, a filter or an ordinary clean
cloth.
If your home is badly damaged, you will
have to leave it. Collect water containers,
food, and ordinary and special medicines
(for persons with heart complaints, diabetes,
etc.)
Do not re-enter badly damaged buildings

29. PHASE 4: RECOVERY
Getting back to normal.
1.Make arrangements for cleaning up the disaster
sight.
2.Determine priorities for restoration work and
seek advice of experts.
3.Develop a phased conservation programme
where large quantities of material are involved.
4.Discard items not worth retaining, and replace
or re-bind items not justifying special
conservation treatment.
5.Contact insurers.

30. SCHOOL DISASTER MANAGEMENT TEAM
Early Warning Team
 All School teachers
Student (50 nos. most communicative)
Activity/ Event Organising Team
Disaster management teacher
Art and Craft teacher /Music teacher
Prefects/ active students

31. Search and Rescue
Sports teachers
Male staff
Prefects (students 50 nos.)
Evacuation
All teachers
First Aid team
Resident doctor of the school/medical
consultant
Teachers 20 nos.
Students 100 numbers (10th
/ 12th
class)

32. Fire safety team
Teachers (20 numbers)
Students (20 numbers)
Site security team
School security staff
Teacher (5 numbers)
Students (5 numbers)

33. Some recent disasters…..
• Earthquake in Pakistan –
2005
• Earthquake and tsunami
in the Indian coast - 2004
• Gujarat Earthquake -
2001
• Floods in Mumbai, West
Bengal
• Terrorist attack: School in
Pakistan

34. Thank you