2. Diarrhea a Public Health Concern Diarrhea is the second
leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world after
pneumonia among children under five globally.
Globally, there are about two billion cases of diarrheal disease
every year.
Nearly one in five child deaths, about 1.5 million each year, is
due to diarrhea.
Today only 39 per cent of children with diarrhea in developing
countries receive the recommended treatment, and limited
trend data suggest that there has been little progress since
2000.
DIARRHEA A PUBLIC HEALTH
CONCERN
3. Diarrhea is defined by the World Health
Organization as having 3 or more loose or liquid
stools per day, or as having more stools than is
normal for that person.
Diarrhea is usually a symptom of an infection in the
intestinal tract, which can be caused by a variety of
bacterial, viral and parasitic organisms.
People of all ages can get diarrhea, but it is more
common in children below five years of age.
WHAT IS DIARRHEA?
12. Rehydration
Feeding Zinc Supplements
Consulting a Health worker if there
are signs of Dehydration
TREATMENT
13. Keep your hands clean
Boiling water
Wash fruits and vegetables
Refrigerate and cover food
Eat well-cooked foods
PREVENTION
14. Treatment Package
Fluid replacement to prevent dehydration
Zinc treatment
Prevention Package
Rotavirus and measles vaccination
Promotion of early and exclusive breastfeeding and
vitamin A supplementation
Promotion of hand washing with soap
Improved drinking water supply quantity and quality
including treatment and safe storage of household water
Community-wide sanitation promotion
PLAN TO DIARRHEA
CONTROL AND PREVENTION
Notas del editor
Nini johanna claderon Tatiana chaves moncayo Patrick daniel marizansen
There are three clinical types of diarrhoea: Acute watery diarrhoea It lasts several hours or days; the stool is loose and watery without blood and includes cholera. Acute bloody diarrhoea It also lasts for hours or a few days, the stool contains blood in it and also called dysentery. Persistent diarrhoea This is prolonged diarrhoea and lasts 14 days or longer.
May or may not be otherwise unwell Symptoms can range from a mild stomach upset for a day or two with slight diarrhoea, to severe watery diarrhoea for several days or longer. Blood or mucus can appear in the stools with some infections. Crampy pains in the abdomen are common. Pains may ease each time some diarrhoea is passed. Vomiting, high temperature (fever), aching limbs and headache may also develop.
Most common complication of diarrhoea in children is dehydration which can be fatal if not taken into account on time. Bacterial bowel infection may rarely cause septicaemia, meningitis and osteomyelitis Very rarely, Infection may also lead to bowel perforation, intussusception, appendicitis or liver abscess. Continued… The degree of dehydration is rated on a scale of three: No dehydration No signs or symptoms of dehydration Moderate dehydration: Thirst Restless or irritable behaviour Decreased skin elasticity Sunken eyes Severe dehydration: Symptoms become more severe Shock, with diminished consciousness, lack of urine output, cool, moist extremities, a rapid and feeble pulse, low or undetectable blood pressure, and pale skin
