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1. Design of Power SubstationDesign of Power Substation
Submitted by:Submitted by:
Pankaj kr.jhaPankaj kr.jha
Regd no-0901221040Regd no-0901221040
Electrical EnggElectrical Engg
Guided by:Guided by:
C.P BeheraC.P Behera
Asst. ProfessorAsst. Professor

2. ContentsContents
 IntroductionIntroduction
 What is substation?What is substation?
 Important pointsImportant points
 Classification of substationClassification of substation
 Substation equipmentsSubstation equipments
 Substation auxiliarySubstation auxiliary
 DesigningDesigning
 ConclusionConclusion

3. IntroductionIntroduction
 Substation serve as sources ofSubstation serve as sources of
quality energy supply for thequality energy supply for the
local area of distribution inlocal area of distribution in
which these are located.which these are located.
 Their main functions are toTheir main functions are to
receive energy transmitted atreceive energy transmitted at
high voltage from thehigh voltage from the
generating station, reduce thegenerating station, reduce the
voltage to a value appropriatevoltage to a value appropriate
for local distribution andfor local distribution and
provide facilities for switching.provide facilities for switching.

4. What is Substation ?
The assembly of apparatus
used to change some
characteristics (e.g. voltage,
a.c. to d.c. ,freq, p.f. etc..)of
electrical supply is called a
substation.

5. Important PointsImportant Points
 It should be located at a proper site(i.e. at theIt should be located at a proper site(i.e. at the
center of gravity of load).center of gravity of load).
 It should provide safe and reliableIt should provide safe and reliable
arrangement.arrangement.
 It should be easily operated and maintained.It should be easily operated and maintained.
 It should involve minimum capital costs.It should involve minimum capital costs.

6. Classification ofClassification of
SubstationSubstation
Substation
According to service requirement According to constructional feature

7. According to ServiceAccording to Service
requirementrequirement
 Transformer SubstationTransformer Substation: Transformer are installed to: Transformer are installed to
transform power from one level to another as per needs.transform power from one level to another as per needs.
 Switching SubstationsSwitching Substations: This substation meants for switching: This substation meants for switching
operation of powerlines with out transforming the voltage.operation of powerlines with out transforming the voltage.
 Power factor correction SubstationPower factor correction Substation: This substation installed: This substation installed
to increase the power factor to minimise losses.to increase the power factor to minimise losses.
 Frequency Changer SubstationFrequency Changer Substation: This substation installed: This substation installed
where speed controlled of motor required.where speed controlled of motor required.
 Converting SubstationConverting Substation: This substation convert a.c to d.c or: This substation convert a.c to d.c or
vice versa.vice versa.
 Industrial SubstationIndustrial Substation: This substation installed for supply: This substation installed for supply
power only to industry.power only to industry.

8. According To ConstructionalAccording To Constructional
FeaturesFeatures
 Indoor SubstationIndoor Substation:In this substation the apparatus are installed with in:In this substation the apparatus are installed with in
the substation building.This substation employed For voltage uptothe substation building.This substation employed For voltage upto
11k.v.11k.v.
 Outdoor SubstationOutdoor Substation:This subststion are installed in open land.This:This subststion are installed in open land.This
substation employed For voltage beyond 66k.v.substation employed For voltage beyond 66k.v.
 Underground SubstationUnderground Substation:This:This substation are installed under thesubstation are installed under the
ground in thicky populated city where cost of the land is more.ground in thicky populated city where cost of the land is more.
 Pole-Mounted SubstationPole-Mounted Substation:This substation are erect for distribution of:This substation are erect for distribution of
power in localities.This is employed for the transformer upto 250power in localities.This is employed for the transformer upto 250
kva.).kva.).
 Foundation Mounted SubstationFoundation Mounted Substation :This substation are installed for:This substation are installed for
transformer which are too heavy.(rating beyond 250Kva).transformer which are too heavy.(rating beyond 250Kva).

9. Substation equipmentsSubstation equipments
 Bus barBus bar:It is the conductor connecting power line to substation:It is the conductor connecting power line to substation
equipments.equipments.
 Insulators & fittingsInsulators & fittings:Insulator fix and isolate the bus bar:Insulator fix and isolate the bus bar
system.system.
 Isolating SwitchIsolating Switch:This is used for disconnecting equipment for:This is used for disconnecting equipment for
maintance and repair.maintance and repair.
 Relays & Circuit BreakerRelays & Circuit Breaker:CB open and close a circuit under:CB open and close a circuit under
normal and fault condition.normal and fault condition.
 Power TransformersPower Transformers:These are used in substation to step up or:These are used in substation to step up or
step down the voltage.step down the voltage.
 Instrument TransformerInstrument Transformer:used for measuring .:used for measuring .
 Metering & Indicating InstrumentMetering & Indicating Instrument:used to watch over the:used to watch over the
circuit quantities.circuit quantities.
 Power line carrier communication systemsPower line carrier communication systems
 Coupling capacitors and wave trapsCoupling capacitors and wave traps

10. Basic Equipments In ABasic Equipments In A
SubstationSubstation

11. Substation AuxiliarySubstation Auxiliary
 AC/DC supplyAC/DC supply:AC supply is used for substation auxillaries:AC supply is used for substation auxillaries
and DC supply for relay operation.and DC supply for relay operation.
 Oil handling systemOil handling system: It used for purifying oil from moisture.: It used for purifying oil from moisture.
 IlluminationIllumination: Substation should be properly illuminated for: Substation should be properly illuminated for
safety.safety.
 Compressed air systemCompressed air system: This system required for functioning: This system required for functioning
of CB.of CB.
 Service bayService bay: These are required to carry the equipments to: These are required to carry the equipments to
installation side.installation side.
 Fire extinguishersFire extinguishers

12. Lightning/Surge ArrestersLightning/Surge Arresters

13. Isolating SwitchIsolating Switch
1.1. Use three types of crystalsUse three types of crystals
 Two lockingTwo locking
 One motive connected to statorOne motive connected to stator
2.2. Locking mechanismLocking mechanism
 Normally locked: Spindle will not move if no powerNormally locked: Spindle will not move if no power
appliedapplied
 Normally free: Spindle moves under external forceNormally free: Spindle moves under external force

14. Circuit Breaker

15. Power TransformerPower Transformer

16. Instrument TransformerInstrument Transformer

17. Control RoomControl Room

18. Bus-Bar ArrangementBus-Bar Arrangement
 Piezoelectric motorsPiezoelectric motors
 Piezo GeneratorsPiezo Generators
 ActuatorsActuators
 Ultrasonic TransducersUltrasonic Transducers
 And many more…And many more…

19. DesigningDesigning
 Site selection.Site selection.
 Design of structures.Design of structures.
 Design of foundation forDesign of foundation for
transformers & structures(IEtransformers & structures(IE
Rules 64).Rules 64).
 Control room building plant.Control room building plant.
 Cable trench & drainage.Cable trench & drainage.
 Design of earthing.Design of earthing.
 Protection schemes & interlocks.Protection schemes & interlocks.

20. Design of 11kv/400v indoor sub-Design of 11kv/400v indoor sub-
stationstation

21. Design of pole-mounted
sub-station
 Converts an electrical signal
into precisely controlled
physical displacement.
 Critical specifications include
displacement, force, operating
voltage, stiffness, and resonant
frequency

23. ConclusionConclusion
 Substation is the heart of electricSubstation is the heart of electric
power system. So the designpower system. So the design
should be such that it willshould be such that it will
provide continuous , quality &provide continuous , quality &
desired power with safety.desired power with safety.

24. THANK YOU
THANK YOU

25. ANY QUERIES
ANY QUERIES????