1. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskmçúCa
bBa¢IGkSrkat;
F - sMBaFxül;
V - el,Ónxül;
C - emKuNrUbragrbs;GKar
s
D - bnÞúkefr
L - bnÞúkGefr/ RbEvgFñwm
b - TTwgRbsiT§iPaB
e
d - kMBs;RbsiT§PaB
d - cMgayBIsésEpñkxageRkAbMputénkugRtaMgsgát;mkTIRbCMuTMgn;EdkTajeRkAeKbMput
t
d ' - cMgayBIsésEpñkxageRkAbMputénkugRtaMgsgát;mkTIRbCMuTMgn;Edksgát;
ε - sac;lUteFobsuT§EdkTaj
t
f ' - ersIusþg;ebtugrgkarsgát;
c
f - ersIusþg;EdkRtg;cMnucyal
y
w - m:as;maDrbs;ebtug
E - m:UDuleGLasÞicebtug
E s - m:UDuleGLasÞicEdk
h - kMBs;Fñwm
I - m:Um:g;niclPaB
bBa¢IGkSrkat; i

3. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskmçúCa
I. esckþIepþIm
1> rcnasm<n§½BIebtugGarem:
ebtug Cafμsib,nimitþEdlekIteLIgedaysarkarpSMKñaénsMPar³CaeRcIndUcCa fμbMEbk xSac; sIum:g;t¾ Twk
nigeBlxøHmanTwkfñaMKImI. sMPar³TaMgenHRtUv)anlaybBa©ÚlKñaedaysmamaRtRtwmRtUv TukeGaykkkøayeTA
Caebtug. ebtugCasMPar³EdleFVIkar)anl¥nwgkarsgát;.
edIm,IeGaysMPar³eFVIBIebtugGacTb;nwgkarBt;)an luHRtaEtvaRtUv)anBRgwgedaysrésEdk eBlenaH
eKeGayeQμaHvafa ebtugGarem:. EdkCasMPar³EdleFVIkar)anl¥nwgkarTaj.
CaTUeTAkñúgkarKNnarcnasm<n§½BIebtugGarem:mYy KWeKRtUvGnuvtþeLIgCaBIrCMh‘anFM²³
- kMNt;nUvRbePTbnÞúkepSg²EdlGnuvtþmkelIrcnasm<n§½ edayeRbInUvviFIsaRsþRtwmRtUvkñúgkarviPaK
eRKOgbgÁúM.
- kMNt;nUvTMhMmuxkat;EdkénRKb;rcnasm<n§½TaMgGs; eGaymanlkçN³esdækic© edayBicarNaelIsuvtiß
PaB esßrPaB kareRbIR)as; nigtYrnaTIrbs;eRKOgbgÁúM.
ebtugGarem: CasMPar³mYyEdleKeRbIR)as;CaTUeTAenAkñúgkarKNnaGKarRKb;RbePT. vaCasMPar³Edl
pÁúMeLIgedaysMPar³BIrRbePTKW ebtug nigEdk. eRKOgbgÁúMEdleFVIBIebtugGarem: RtUv)aneRbIR)as;sMrab;RTnUv
bnÞúkeRcInRbePT.
2> KuNsm,tþi nigKuNvibtþirbs;ebtugGarem:
ebtugGarem: CasMPar³EdlRtUv)aneKeRbIR)as;y:agTUlMTUlaysMrab;RbePTCaeRcInéneRKOgbgÁúM.
vaRtUv )aneKykmkeRbobeFobCamYynwgEdk sMrab;lkçN³esdækic© nigkarRbtibtþi.
KuNsm,tþirbs;ebtugGarem:RtUv)ansegçbdUcxageRkam³
- vamanersIusþg;x<s;kñúgkarsgát; high compressive strength
- vaTb;Tl;nwgePøIg)anl¥CagEdk
- vamanGayukalEvgCamYynwgkarEfTaMTab
- sMrab;eRKOgbgÁúMxøHdUcCa TMnb;Twk ssr nigeCIgtag vaCasMPar³EdlmanlkçN³esdækic©x<s;
- vaGacRtUv)aneKeRbIsMrab;kMNt;rUbragtamtMrUvkar nigeFVICaeRKOgbgÁúMcak;eRscCamYynwgPaBdab
Gb,brma
KuNvibtþirbs;ebtugGarem:RtUv)ansegçbdUcxageRkam³
- vamanersIusþg;TabkñúgkarTajRbEhlCamYyPaKdb;énersIusþg;rgkarsgát;
esckþIepþIm 1

4. T.Chhay NPIC
- vaRtUvkar karlay karcak; karEfTaM EdlTaMgenHsuT§EtCHT§iBldl;ersIusþg;rbs;va
- Bum<EdleRbIsMrab;cak;ebtugmantMélx<s;. tMélBum<esÞIresμInwgtMélebtug.
- vamanersIusþg;rgkarsgát;TabCagEdkRbEhlCadb;dg EdlCaehtueFVIeGaymuxkat;ssrFMsMrab;
GKareRcInCan;.
- vaekItmansñameRbH EdlbNþalmkBIkarrYmmaD nigkarGnuvtþrbs;bnÞúkGefr.
3> bnÞúk
eRKOgbgÁúMrcnasm<n§½RtUv)anKNnaedIm,IRTnUvbnÞúkCak;lak;.
bnÞúkKWCakMlaMgTaMgLayNaEdlGnuvtþmkelIrcnasm<n§½ Edlpþl;nUvsmamaRtmuxkat;rbs;va. CaTU
eTAbnÞúkRtUv)anEckecjCa bnÞúkefr ¬bnÞúkGclt½¦ nigbnÞúkGefr ¬bnÞúkclt½¦.
bnÞúkefr Dead load EdlrYmmanTMgn;rbs;rcnasm<n§½ ¬TMgn;pÞal;rbs;va¦ nigTMgn;sMPar³epSg²eTot
EdlmanenAelIeRKOgbgÁúM dUcCa dækar:U )ayGr ek,Óg CBa¢aMg >>>. bnÞúkefrRtUv)anKNnaCamYynwgkMrwtRtwm
RtUvénTMhMrbs;sMPar³ nigTMgn;maDrbs;va.
bnÞúkcl½t Live load CabnÞúkTaMgLayNaEdlminEmnCabnÞúkefr. vaCaRbePTbnÞúkEdlmanlkçN³
nwg b¤rBa¢Üy b¤Cacl½t b¤cl½t. vaGacGnuvtþmkelIeRKOgbgÁúMyWt² Pøam² bBaÄr b¤edk ehIyGaMgtg;sIuetrbs;
vaGacERbRbYleTAtameBlevla. CaTUeTAbnÞúkcl½trYmman³
- bnÞúkEdlekItBITMgn;mnusS eRKOgsgðarwm nig]bkrN_sMPar³
- kMlaMgpÁÜbEdl)anBIxül; nig)anBIbMErbMrYlsItuNðPaB
- TMgn;rbs;RBwlRbsinebIman
- sMBaFrbs;Twk b¤dImkelICBa¢aMgTb;dI
- TMgn;rbs;cracrN_mkelIs<an
- kMlaMgpÁÜbDINamicEdl)anBIbnÞúkcl½t b¤bnÞúkb:HTgÁic rBa¢ÜyEpndI b¤karpÞúH
bnÞúkRBwlGacERbRbYlcenøaHBI 0.5kN / m → 2kN / m GaRs½yelIGakasFatutamtMbn;.
2 2
bnÞúkxül;GacERbRbYlcenøaHBI 0.75kN / m → 1.5kN / m GaRs½ynwgel,Ónxül;. sMBaFxül;én
2 2
eRKOgbgÁúM F RtUv)anKNnatamrUbmnþxageRkam³
F = 0.00064C sV 2
Edl F - sMBaFxül; kN / m 2
V - el,Ónxül; m / s
C - emKuNrUbragrbs;GKar enAcenøaHBI 1.2 → 1.3
s
Introduction 2

5. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskmçúCa
taragTI1³ bnÞúkBRgayesμI
Design live load
Occupancy Content
kN / m 2
Assembly hall Fixed seats 2.9
Movable seats 4.8
Hospital Operating rooms 2.9
Private rooms 1.9
Hotel Guest rooms 1.9
Public rooms 4.8
Balconies 4.8
Housing Private house and apartments 1.9
Public rooms 4.8
Institution Classrooms 1.9
Corridors 4.8
Library Reading rooms 2.9
Stack rooms 7.2
Office building Offices 2.4
Lobbies 4.8
Stairs 4.8
Storage warehouses Light 4.8
Heavy 12.0
Yard and terraces 4.8
taragTI2³ dg;sIuet nigdg;sIuetxnic
Density
Material Specific gravity
kg / m 3
Building material
Brick 1.8-2.0 1924
Cement, Portland, loose - 1443
Cement, Portland, set 2.7-3.2 2933
Earth, dry, packed - 1523
Sand or gravel, dry, packed - 1600-1924
Sand or gravel, wet - 1892-1924
Liquids
Oils 0.9-0.94 930
Water (at 4 o c ) 1 1000
Ice 0.88-0.92 898
Metal and mineral
Aluminum 2.55-2.75 2645
Copper 9.0 8913
Iron 7.2 7214
Lead 11.38 11380
Steel, rolled 7.85 7855
Limestone or marble 2.5-2.8 2645
Sandstone 2.2-2.5 2356
Shale or slate 2.7-2.9 2805
Normal weight concrete
Plain 2.2-2.4 2324
Reinforced or prestressed 2.3-2.5 2405
esckþIepþIm 3

6. T.Chhay NPIC
4> karRbmUlbnÞúk
edIm,IQaneTAdl;karKNnamuxkat;EdkEdlRtUvkar enAkñúgmuxkat;eRKOgbgÁúMCadMbUgeyIgRtUvRbmUl
bnÞúkTaMgGs;EdlmanGMeBIeTAelIeRKOgbgÁúMenaH. karRbmUlbnÞúkKWeyIgRtUvRbmUlBIelIcuHmkeRkam )ann½yfa
dMbUgeyIgRbmUlbnÞúkelIdMbUl b¤elIkMralxNÐ bnÞab;mkRbmUlbnÞúkmkelIFñwm rYcehIyRbmUlbnÞúkmkelIssr
nigcugeRkayRbmUlbnÞúkmkelIRKwH.
bnÞúkTMnajEckCabIRbePTKW³
- bnÞúkBRgayelIépÞ Edlmanxñat (kN / m ) bnÞúkenHmanGMeBIelIkMralxNÐ b¤dMbUl. bnÞúkTaMgenHrYmman
2
bnÞúkGefr nigbnÞúkefr ¬rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgTMgn;pÞal;xøÜn¦.
- bnÞúkBRgayelIRbEvg Edlmanxñat (kN / m) bnÞúkenHmanGMeBIelIFñwm.
bnÞúkTaMgenHrYmmanbnÞúkEdl )anbBa¢ÚnBIkMralxNÐmkelIFñwmtamsñameRbH 45 bnÞúkrbs;CBa¢aMg
o
nigbnÞúkpÞal;xøÜn. bnÞúkBRgayelI RbEvgmanragCa ctuekaNEkg ctuekaNaBñay nigRtIekaN.
- bnÞúkcMcMnuc Edlmanxñat (kN ) bnÞúkenHmanGMeBIelIssr nigRKwH. bnÞúkTaMgenHrYmmanbnÞúkEdl)an
bBa¢ÚnBIkMralxNÐmkelIFñwmehIybnþbBa¢ÚnmkelIssr nigbnÞúkpÞal;xøÜn.
eRkABIbnÞúkTMnajTaMgenH enAmanbnÞúkedkeTot. eRkamGMeBIénbnÞúkEdl)anGnuvtþeTAelIrcnasm<n§½
eyIgGackMNt;)an nUvkMlaMgkat;TTwg m:Um:g;Bt; >>>.
]TahrN_³ eKmanpÞHmYyEdlmankMBs;1Can; 4m ehIymanTMhMdUcxageRkam³
Tile 1cm
B Mortar 4cm
Concrete 12cm
Plastering 2cm
S B2 (20? 0)
B2
B1(20? 5) C (20? 0)
Section A-A
Tile 1cm
A A Mortar 4cm
Concrete 12cm
Plastering 2cm
B1
B
Slab beam column plane
Section B-B
k> cUrkMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIkMralxNÐ S
x> cUrkMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwm B1
K> cUrkMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwm B2
X> cUrkMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIssr C
Introduction 4

7. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskmçúCa
dMeNaHRsy
k> kMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIkMralxNÐ S
bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIkMralxNÐrmmanbnÞúkefr nigbnÞúkGefr
Y
bnÞúkefrman³
- kar:UkMras; 1cm = 0.01× 22 = 0.22kN / m 2
- )ayGrkMras; 4cm = 0.04 × 22 = 0.88kN / m 2
- ebtug ¬TMgn;pÞal; self weight¦ kMras; 12cm = 0.12 × 24 = 2.88kN / m 2
- kMe)arbUkkMras; 2cm = 0.02 × 20 = 0.4kN / m 2
bnÞúkGefr EdlmanGMeBIelIkMralxNÐ sMrab;pÞH tamtaragxagelI L = 1.9kN / m 2
xageRkamCataragbgðajBIbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIkMralxNÐ S KitkñúgmYyÉktaépÞ
RbePTbnÞúk eQμaHbnÞúk bnÞúkbTdæan (kN m )
2
kar:U 0.22
bnÞúkefr Dead )ayGr 0.88
load (D) ebtugkMralxNÐ 2.88
kMe)arbUk 0.4
bnÞúkGefr Live bnÞúkcl½t 1.9
Load (L)
bnÞúksrub D+L 6.28
x> kMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwm B1
Fñwm B1 RTkMralxNÐ S tamTisEvg
+ bnÞúkpÞal;xøÜn = (0.45 − 0.12) × 0.2 × 24 = 1.584 kN CabnÞúkrayragctuekaN
m
+ bnÞúkCBa¢aMgdæ 10cm= (4 − 0.45) × 2 = 7.1 kN CabnÞúkrayragctuekaN
m
+ bnÞúkkMralxNÐ = 4.38 × 2 = 8.76 kN CabnÞúkrayragctuekaNBñay
m
+ bnÞúkGefr = 1.9 × 2 = 3.8 kN CabnÞúkrayragctuekaNBñay
m
S
B2 (20? 0)
B1(20? 5)
esckþIepþIm 5

8. T.Chhay NPIC
xageRkamCataragbgðajBIbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwm B1 KitkñúgmYyÉktaRbEvg
RbePTbnÞúk eQμaHbnÞúk bnÞúkbTdæan (kN m) ragBRgaybnÞúk
bnÞúkpÞal;xøÜn 1.584 ctuekaN
bnÞúkefr D bnÞúkCBa¢aMg 7.1 ctuekaN
bnÞúkkMralxNÐ 17.52 ctuekaNBñay
bnÞúkGefr L bnÞúkcl½t 7.6 ctuekaNBñay
K> kMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwm B2
Fñwm B2 RTkMralxNÐ S tamTisxøI
+ bnÞúkpÞal;xøÜn = (0.3 − 0.12) × 0.2 × 24 = 0.864 kN CabnÞúkrayragctuekaN
m
+ bnÞúkCBa¢aMgdæ 10cm= (4 − 0.3) × 2 = 7.4 kN CabnÞúkrayragctuekaN
m
+ bnÞúkkMralxNÐ = 4.38 × 2 = 8.76 kN CabnÞúkrayragRtIekaN
m
+ bnÞúkGefr = 1.9 × 2 = 3.8 kN CabnÞúkrayragRtIekaN
m
xageRkamCataragbgðajBIbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIFñwm B2 KitkñúgmYyÉktaRbEvg
RbePTbnÞúk eQμaHbnÞúk bnÞúkbTdæan (kN m) ragBRgaybnÞúk
bnÞúkpÞal;xøÜn 0.864 ctuekaN
bnÞúkefr D bnÞúkCBa¢aMg 7.4 ctuekaN
bnÞúkkMralxNÐ 17.52 RtIekaN
bnÞúkGefr L bnÞúkcl½t 7.6 RtIekaN
X> kMNt;bnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIssr C
S B2 (20? 0)
B1(20? 5) C (20? 0)
Introduction 6

9. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskmçúCa
+ bnÞúkssrCan;elI = [(4-0.12)×0.2×0.2]×24=3.72kN
+ bnÞúkkMralxNÐCan;elI S = 4.38×4×6=105.12kN
+ bnÞúkCBa¢aMgenAelIFñwm B1 = (6-0.2)×(4-0.45)×2= 41.18kN
+ bnÞúkCBa¢aMgenAelIFñwm B 2 = (4-0.2)×(4-0.3)×2=28.12kN
+ bnÞúkFñwm B1 = (6-0.2)×0.2×(0.45-0.12)×24=9.19kN
+ bnÞúkFñwm B 2 = (4-0.2)×0.2×(0.3-0.12)×24=3.28kN
+ bnÞúkGefr = 1.9×(4-0.12)×(6-0.12) = 43.35kN
dUcenHbnÞúksrubEdlmanGMeBIelIssr C = 234kN
5> karbMElgbnÞúk
edaysarbnÞúkBRgayelIFñwmmanragepSg² EdlnaMeGayeyIgBi)akkñúgkaredaHRsay dUcenHeyIgeRbI
viFanbMElgbnÞúkenaHeGayeTACaragctuekaNEkg.
k> karbMElgBIragRtIekaN mkragctuekaNEkg
q qe
2
qe = q
3
x> karbMElgbnÞúkBIragctuekaNBñaymkragctuekaNEkg
q
qe
4 a
qe = q[1 − ( ) 2 ]
3 L
K> karRbmUlbnÞúkBIelIkMralxNÐmkelIFñwm
edIm,IgayRsYl kñúgkarbMElgbnÞúkBIelIkMralxNÐ mkelIFñwm
eyIgGaceRbInUvrUbmnþxageRkam
S - RbEvgtamTisxøI
L - RbEvgtamTisEvg
esckþIepþIm 7

10. T.Chhay NPIC
S
m=
L
D C
45o 45o
S
45o 45o
A B
L
sMrab;FñwmxøI BC
bnÞúkenAelIkMral = w KitCa kN / m 2
RkLaépÞbnÞúkmkelIFñwm = S4 KitCa m
2
2
bnÞúkmkelIFñwm = Sw → Sw KitCa kN / m
2 3
B C B C
sMrab;FñwmEvg AB
bnÞúkenAelIkMral = w KitCa kN / m 2
RkLaépÞbnÞúkmkelIFñwm = SL − S4 = S4 ( 2 − m ) KitCa m
2 2
2
2 m
bnÞúkmkelIFñwm = Sw ( 3 −2m ) KitCa kN / m ¬bnÞúkBRgayesμI¦
2
3
6> eRKOgbgÁúMénrcnasm<n½§ebtugGarem:
ebtugGarem:CasMPar³EdlRtUveKRbIR)as;esÞIrRKb;GKar rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgGKarmYyCan; nigeRcInCan;. rcna
sm<n§½énGKarEdleFVIBIebtugGarem:rYmman³
- kMralxNÐ ( slab ) CaeRKOgbgÁúMbnÞHedk EdlrgnUvbnÞúkbBaÄr k¾dUcCabnÞúkedk. CaTUeTAkMras;rbs;
kMralxNÐmanTMhMtUcCagq¶ayebIeRbobeFobeTAnwgbeNþay b¤TTwgrbs;kMral.
- Fñwm ( beam ) CaeRKOgbgÁúMEdlmanRbEvgEvg edk b¤eRTt CamYynwgTTwgnigCMerAkMNt;mYy. tYrnaTI
cMbgrbs;FñwmKWRTbnÞúkmkBIkMralxNÐ nigxøÜnvapÞal;.
Introduction 8

11. Department of Civil Engineering viTüasßanCatiBhubec©keTskmçúCa
- ssr ( column ) CaeRKOgbgÁúMd¾sMxan; EdlmantYrnaTIRTbnÞúkEdlmkBIFñwm b¤kMralxNÐ. vaGacnwgRb
QmnwgkMlaMgcMp©it nigkMlaMgcMp©itrYmbBa©Úlm:Um:g;.
- eRKag ( frame ) CaeRKOgbgÁúMEdlpSMeLIgedayman Fñwm nigssr b¤pSMeLIgedayman kMralxNÐ Fñwm
nigssr. vaGacCaeRKagsþaTickMNt; b¤eRKagsþaTicminkMNt;.
- RKwH ( footing ) rYmman eCIgtag b¤RKwHCab; EdlRTssr nigbBa¢ÚnbnÞúkeTAdIedaypÞal;.
- CBa¢aMg ( wall ) CaeRKOgbgÁúMbnÞHbBaÄr EdlRbQmnwgkMlaMgTMnaj k¾dUcCakMlaMgedk kñúgkrNIdUcCa
CBa¢aMgeRkamdI.
7> CMhanénkarKNnaeRKOgbgÁúMBIebtugGarem:
eRkayeBlEdlbøg;sßabtükmμ RtUv)ansMercTTYlyk visVkrcab;epþImkMNt;nUvRbBn§½rcnasm<n§½d¾l¥mYy
edayFananUvsuvtßiPaB nigesßrPaBrbs;GKar. TsSn³énrcnasm<n§½epSg² k¾RtUv)anykmkBicarNaedIm,I
TTYl )anlkçN³esdækic©x<s; edayQrelImUldæansMPar³ niglkçxNÐdI. lT§plTaMgenH CaTUeTATTYl)anBI³
- begáItCaKMrUrcnasm<n§½eRKOgbgÁúMEdlRTRTg;bnÞúk
- kMNt;nUvRbePTepSg²KñaénbnÞúkEdlmanGMeBIelIGKar
- viPaKrcnasm<n§½eRKOgbgÁúMedayeRbIkMuBüÚTr½ b¤edayéd edIm,IkMNt;nUvm:Um:g;Gtibrma kMlaMgkat;TTwg
kMlaMgrmYl kMlaMgtamGkS½ nigkMlaMgepSg²eTot
- kMNt;smamaRténeRKOgbgÁúM nigkMNt;nUvbrimaNEdkEdlRtUvkar
- begáItnUvbøg;rcnasm<n§½ nigkarlMGitlkçN³bec©keTsedIm,IeFVIkarsagsg;
esckþIepþIm 9