2. The American
Revolution (1775-83)
is also known as the
American
Revolutionary War and
the U.S. War of
Independence
The conflict arose from
growing tensions
between residents of
Great Britain's 13 North
American colonies and
the colonial government.
After French assistance
helped the Continental
Army force the British
surrender at
Yorktown, Virginia, in
1779, the Americans had
effectively won their
independence, though
fighting would not
formally end until 1783.

3. The Second Continental
Congress convened after the
American Revolutionary
War (1775-83) had already
begun. In 1776, it took the
momentous step of
declaring America's
independence from Britain.
Five years later, the
Congress ratified the first
national constitution, the
Articles of
Confederation, under which
the country would be
governed until 1789, when
it was replaced by the
current U.S. Constitution.
From 1774 to 1789, the
Continental Congress
served as the government
of the 13 American
colonies and later the
United States.

4. The Constitution of
the United States
is the supreme law
of the United
States of America.
The Constitution was
adopted on September
17, 1787, by the
Constitutional Convention
in
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania,
and ratified by
conventions in eleven
states. It went into effect
on March 4, 1789. The
United States Constitution
can be changed through
the amendment process.
Constitutional
amendments are added to
it, altering its effect. The
first ten
amendments, ratified by
three-fourths of the states

5. The Bill of Rights is
the collective name
for the first ten
amendments to the
United States
Constitution.
These limitations serve to
protect the natural rights of
liberty and property. They
guarantee a number of
personal freedoms, limit the
government's power in
judicial and other
proceedings, and reserve
some powers to the states and
the public. While originally the
amendments applied only to
the federal government, most
of their provisions have since
been held to apply to the
states by way of the
Fourteenth Amendment.

6. George Washington
crossing the
Delaware river in
the American
Revolution
George Washington
commanded the
Continental Army in
American
Revolutionary War
(1775–1783), and
was the first
President of the
United
States, serving from
1789 to 1797.

7. John Adams (1797-
1801) was a leader of
the American
Revolution, and
served as the second
U.S. president from
1797 to 1801.
An American Founding
Father, he was a
statesman, diplomat, and a
leading advocate of
American independence
from Great Britain. Well
educated, he was
an Enlightenment political
theorist who
promoted republicanism
and wrote prolifically
about his often seminal
ideas, both in published
works and in letters to his
wife and key adviser
Abigail as well as to
other Founding Fathers.

8. The government
moves from
Philadelphia, PA to
Washington, DC in
1800.
Congress opened its
session in
Washington, D.C. on
November 17th. Adams
moved into the White
House, only to find the
walls still wet. In a letter
to his wife, Adams
wrote: "I pray Heaven to
bestow the best of
blessings on this house
and all that shall
hereafter inhabit it. May
none but the wise and
honest men ever rule
under this roof."

9. Thomas Jefferson
(1801-1809), author
of the Declaration of
Independence and
the third U.S.
president.
Jefferson, who thought the
national government
should have a limited role
in citizens' lives, was
elected president. During
his two terms in office
(1801-1809), the U.S.
purchased the Louisiana
Territory and Lewis and
Clark explored the vast
new acquisition. Although
Jefferson promoted
individual liberty, he was
also a slave owner. After
leaving office, he retired to
his Virginia
plantation, Monticello, and
helped found the
University of Virginia.

10. With the Louisiana
Purchase in 1803, the
United States
purchased territory
to enlarge the United
States of America.
With the Louisiana Purchase in
1803, the United States
purchased approximately
828,000,000 square miles of
territory from France, thereby
doubling the size of the young
republic. What was known as
Louisiana Territory stretched
from the Mississippi River in the
east to the Rocky Mountains in
the west and from the Gulf of
Mexico in the south to the
Canadian border in the north.
Part or all of 15 states were
eventually created from the
land deal, which is considered
one of the most important
achievements of Thomas
Jefferson’s presidency.

11. James Madison
(1809-1817) was an
American statesman
and political
theorist, the fourth P
resident of the
United States.
He is hailed as the
“Father of the
Constitution” for
being instrumental in
the drafting of
the United States
Constitution and as
the key champion
and author of
the United States Bill
of Rights. He served
as a politician much
of his adult life.

12. James Monroe
(1817-1825) was
the fifth President
of the United States.
Monroe was the last
president who was
a Founding Father of the
United States, the third of
them to die
on Independence Day, and
the last president from
the Virginia dynasty and
the Republican
Generation. He was injured
in the Battle of Trenton with
a musket ball to his
shoulder. After studying law
under Thomas
Jefferson from 1780 to
1783, he served as
a delegate in
the Continental Congress.

13. Missouri Compromise
was passed in 1820
between the pro-
slavery and anti-
slavery factions in the
United States Congress
Involving primarily the
regulation of slavery in
the western territories. It
prohibited slavery in the
former Louisiana
Territory north of the parallel
36°30′ north except within the
boundaries of the proposed
state of Missouri. To balance
the number of "slave states"
and "free states," the northern
region of what was then
Massachusetts was admitted
into the United States as a free
state to become Maine. Prior
to the agreement, the House of
Representatives had refused to
accept this compromise, and a
conference committee was
appointed.

14. John Quincy Adams
(1825–1829) was
the sixth President of
the United States.
He served as American
diplomat, Senator,
and Congressional
representative. He was a
member of the
Federalist, Democratic-
Republican, National
Republican, and
later Anti-
Masonic and Whig partie
s. Adams was the son of
former President John
Adams and Abigail
Adams.

15. Andrew Jackson
(1829–1837) was the
seventh President of
the United States.
Based in frontier
Tennessee, Jackson
was a politician and
army general who
defeated
the Creek Indians at
the Battle of
Horseshoe
Bend (1814), and the
British at the Battle of
New Orleans (1815).
Dismantled
the Second Bank of
the United States and
initiated forced
relocation

16. The California Gold Rush (1848–
1855) began on January
24, 1848, when gold was found
by James W. Marshall at Sutter's
Mill in Coloma, California.
The first to hear confirmed
information of the Gold Rush
were the people
in Oregon, the Sandwich
Islands (Hawaii), and Latin
America, who were the first
to start flocking to the state
in late 1848. All told, the
news of gold brought some
300,000 people
to California from the rest of
the United States and
abroad.[2]Of the
300,000, approximately half
arrived by sea and half came
from the east overland on
the California Trail and
the Gila River trail.

17. Franklin Pierce was
the 14th President of
the United
States (1853–1857).
Pierce is the only
President from New
Hampshire. Pierce was
a Democrat and a
"doughface" (a
Northerner with Southern
sympathies) who served
in the U.S. House of
Representatives and
the Senate. Pierce took
part in the Mexican-
American War and
became a brigadier
general in the Army. He
made many friends, but
he suffered tragedy in his
personal life; all of his
children died young.

18. James Buchanan was
the 15th President of
the United
States (1857–1861).
He is the only president
from Pennsylvania and
the only president who
remained a lifelong
bachelor.
He represented
Pennsylvania in the
U.S. House of
Representatives and later
the Senate and served
as Minister to
Russia under
President Andrew
Jackson. He was
also Secretary of
State under
President James K. Polk.

19. Abraham Lincoln was
the 16th President of
the United
States, serving from
March 1861 until his
assassination in April
1865.
Lincoln led the United
States through its greatest
constitutional, military, and
moral crises—the American
Civil War—preserving
the Union, abolishing
slavery, strengthening the
national government and
modernizing the economy.
Reared in a poor family on
the western frontier, Lincoln
was self-educated, and
became a country
lawyer, a Whig Party
leader,Illinois state
legislator during the
1830s, and a one-term
member of the United
States House of
Representatives during the

20. The American Civil
War, also known as the
War between the States or
simply the Civil War was a
civil war fought from 1861
to 1865 aming), was a civil
war fought from 1861 to
1865
The war had its origin
in the fractious issue
of slavery, and, after
four years of bloody
combat (mostly in the
South), the
Confederacy was
defeated, slavery was
abolished, and the
difficult
Reconstruction
process of restoring
unity and
guaranteeing rights
to the freed slaves
began.