This document provides an overview of a lecture on English grammar given by Pham Thi Hong Thanh. It discusses key concepts in English language including language elements and language skills. It also outlines the main grammar units that will be covered such as sentences, clauses, phrases, words and morphemes. Finally, it examines parts of speech in English, distinguishing between open class items and closed system items.

1. LECTURES ON
ENGLISH GRAMMAR
By: Pham Thi Hong Thanh

2. * Học liệu bắt buộc:
Quirk, R.& Greenbaum, S ( 1973) A University
Grammar of English, Longman group limited.
* Học liệu tham khảo:
1. Azar, B (1989), Undertanding and using English
grammar, Prentice Hall Regents.
2. Murphy, R ( 1985) English Grammar in Use,
Cambridge Universty Press.

3. I. Some important concepts in
English Language
Language
Language elements
Language skills
Vocab, grammar, pronunciation
Speaking, listening, writing, reading

4. II. Grammar units





Ex: If I were a flower, I would be a sunflower.
morpheme
word
Phrase
Clause
Sentence

5. Are analyzed into
Sentences
Clauses
Phrases
Words
Morphemes
Are used to built
Sentences
Clauses
Phrases
Words
Morphemes

6. 1.2. Types of sentences
 Simple sentence - one independent clause
 Complex sentence - main & sub-clause
 Compound sentence - 2 main clauses

7. 1.3. Sentence pattern
1. My head aches
2. She is beautiful
3. People all over the world hate wars.
4.I gave him a book.
5.We are in classroom.
6. The boss made him a fool.
7. They often read books here.
8. There are a lot of young teachers.

8. 






S+V
My head aches.
S+ V+ C(S)
She is beautiful.
S+ V+ O
We all hate wars.
S+ V+ O( i)+ O (d) I gave him a book.
S+ V+ A
We are in classroom.
S+ V+ O+ C The boss made him a fool.
S+ V+ O+ A
They often read books here.
 There+ V+ S
There are a lot of young
teachers.

9. Elements of English sentence (clause)
 Downing and Locke (1992) listed eleven
elements:
 Subject, Predicator, Direct object, Indirect
object, Prepositional Object, Subject
complement, Object complement,
Predicator complement, Adjunct, Disjunct
and Conjunct.

10.  The election campaign ended today.
 The election campaign ended today.
 Ted has bought a new motorbike.
 They sent their friends postcards.
 You must allow for price increases.
 He is powerless to make any changes.

11.  The election campaign ended today.
Subject
 The election campaign ended today.
Predicator
 Ted has bought a new motorbike.
Direct object
 They sent their friends postcards.
Indirect object
 You must allow for price increases.
Prepositional Object
 He is powerless to make any changes.
Subject complement

12.  We consider the situation alarming.
 She tiptoed out of the room.
 The news reached us on Tuesday.
 Unfortunately, it was late to get to Newcastle in
time.
 However, other friends were there.

13.  We consider the situation alarming.
Object complement
 She tiptoed out of the room.
Predicator complement
 The news reached us on Tuesday.
Adjunct
 Unfortunately, it was late to get to Newcastle in
time.
Disjunct
 However, other friends were there.
Conjunct.

14. III. Syntactic functions of
sentence elements
1. Subject and Predicate
+ Subject: the person or thing that is being
spoken about, the topic of the sentence.
+ Predicate: the things saying about the
subject.

15. The subject can be a s ing le wo rd , a no un or
p ro no un or a no un p hra s e or even a c la us e .
- Grammar is compulsory subject in the school.
- Learning English grammar is very easy.
- What we have known about English grammar is
still very little.

16. 2. Object
 The object is the person or thing toward
which the subject directs the action of the
verb.
 An object is normally a noun, pronoun, or
noun phrase, a clause.
We like teaching.
I like teaching English Grammar to you.
I don’t know why I love Son la so much like that.

17. Direct objects refer to the person or thing
affected by the action of verb.
Indirect objects usually refer to the person or
thing Who “benefits” from the action expressed in
the verb.


He gave me a rose
He gave a rose to me.

18. 3. Complement
The complement is the part of the
sentence that gives further information
about the subject or object. In other words,
the complement completes the meaning of
the subject and object.

19. Subject complement and Object complement
Realize the SC and OC in these sentences:
You are young.
I call her what she likes to be called- an innocent girl.
She is a beautiful girl with positive point of view.
Dark makes children scared.
We saw them dancing in the rain.
What I would like to know is where she can find a job.

20. 4. The adverbial
Are the adverb and the adverbial
the same?

21. The adverb
 The adverb tells us something about the
action in the sentence by modifying a
verb, an adjective, an adverb or even a
sentence by telling ho w, whe n, whe re ,
ho w o fte n , etc,.. some thing happens or
done.
 Adverbs are s ing le words.

22. The adverbial
 Many p hra s e s and c la us e s can perform a
similar function of the adverb in the
sentence. So the term “adverbial” is used
to describe a ny s ing le wo rd o r p hra s e o r
c la us e that function as adverb in the
sentence. They can be called adverbial
phrase or adverbial clause.

23. Examples of adverbials
 You did the test c a re le s s ly .( a word)
 You did the test in a ve ry c a re le s s wa y .(a
phrase)
 You did the test s o c a re le s s ly tha t Id id n’t
wa nt to c o rre c t it.( a clause)

24. 1. Time Since we weren’t together, I’ve always
been sad.
2. Place I’ll follow him wherever he may go.
3. Reason Because the traffic was terrible I
came to class late that day.
4. Purpose We are trying hard so that we
can pass the exam.
5. Result The test was so difficult that
nobody got good mark.

25. 6. Manner Do as I did before.
7. Concession Although her poems are
so interesting, her stories are so boring
8. Comparison He can run as fast as his
sister can.
9. Condition If I were you, I told him the
truth.

26. Part of speech
 How many parts of speech are there?
 What are they?

27. There are ten parts of speech in English:




Noun
Verb
Adjective
Adverb






Demonstrative
Article
Pronoun
Preposition
Conjunction
Interjection

28. These elements are divided into two
groups: open class items and close
system items.
 What are the differences between open
class items and close system items?

29. Open class items
Close system items
 Conclude content
 Conclude function
words which have
lexical meaning
 Great amount
words
 Certain amount
 Extendable
 Can not be extended
 Not exclusive
 Exclusive