Ben Barr
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This document discusses the relationship between unemployment rates and suicide rates during economic recessions. It provides evidence from a 2012 BMJ study linking increases in suicides in England from 2008 onward to the financial crisis. Regions with larger rises in unemployment experienced greater growth in suicide rates, particularly among men. Charts show unemployment levels and suicide rates rising together in countries like Spain and falling together in Sweden. The conclusion is that unemployment increases due to economic downturns can contribute to elevated suicide rates.
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Ben Barr
- 1. Suicides and Recession Ben Barr Senior Clinical Lecturer in Public Health. MRC Department of Public Health and Policy University of Liverpool CALM presentation May 2013
- 5. Unemployment in the UK % unemployed Year
- 6. Barr B et al. BMJ 2012;345:bmj.e5142 ©2012 by British Medical Journal Publishing Group
- 7. Suicides and recession in Europe
- 8. Unemployment and suicides 10% increase in number unemployed ~ 1.4% increase in suicides.
- 9. Conclusion: The study provides evidence linking the recent increase in suicides in England with the financial crisis that began in 2008. English regions with the largest rises in unemployment have had the largest increases in suicides, particularly among men.
- 10. Trends in suicides in the former USSR 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 1981 1983 1985 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 Deaths/100,000 Belarus Kazakhstan Russian Federation Ukraine
- 11. Change in standardised death rate from suicide and self-inflicted injuries per 100 000 in selected Eastern European countries by change in Gini coefficient, 1989–1997. De Vogli R , Gimeno D J Epidemiol Community Health 2009;63:956-956 ©2009 by BMJ Publishing Group Ltd
- 13. Rising tide lifts all shifts?
- 14. Does It Have To Be This Way. Appendix 8. Comparisons among EU countries unemployment-mortality ations direct correlation between rises in unemployment and rises in suicide rates. Spain usly had among the lowest suicide rates in western Europe (note y-axis in early- ), but a combination of AIDS and high rates of injuries against a backdrop of economic litical turbulence post-Franco with low social protections ($88 per head) left the tion more exposed to economic shocks. igure 8a. Direct Association of Unemployment with Suicide, Spain 1980-2005 10152025UnemploymentRate(LabourForceSurveys) 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Suicide Male Unemployment Rate Average Labour Market Protection: $88 per head Spain Unemployment rates based on labour force surveys from the International Labour Organisation dicators of the Labour Market Database 2006 edition. Male suicide mortality rates (ages 0-64) m the World Health Organisation European Health for All Database 2008 edition. Web Figure 8b. No Association of Unemployment with Suicide, Sweden 198 15202530 SuicideRatesper100,000(under64) 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 Year Suicide Male Unemployment Rate Average Labour Market Protection: $362 per head Sweden
- 15. Rapid recovery in Iceland, slow meltdown in Greece
- 17. IFS 2010
- 18. What can be done – locally? 1. Advocate for change in national policy where this is causing harm.
- 19. CE6&7 – 3 Social Determinants Effectiveness Review Increasingcommunityparticipation,empowermentandcontrol Community Control Delegated power Co-production Consultation Informing Moreappropriateand,accessible service,improveduptake. Improvedhealthstatus&reducedhealth inequalities Service outcomes Intermediate social outcomes Health outcomes Diagram 1: Pathways from community participation, empowerment and control to health improvement Enhancedcommunityempowerment Improvedsocial&materialconditions Impactonsocialcapital Source: J. Popay, 2006, Community Engagement, community development and health improvement. A Background Paper prepared for NICE. Research suggests that community involvement in decision-making and in the design, governance and delivery of services can improve health and well-being and make policy 2. Take every opportunity to give people control.
- 20. 3. First Aid
- 21. “The poorest that is in England has a life to live, as the greatest” Thomas Rainborough 1647
Notas del editor
- Bit of a spat between psychologists and psychiatrists, at the momentWith the American Psychiatry Association's about to release of DSM-5, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.And the Britsh Psychological society releasing a consensus statement - A debate about whether mental illnesses are not best understood as diseasesIts was unhelpful to see mental health issues as illnesses with biological causes."On the contrary, there is now overwhelming evidence that people break down as a result of a complex mix of social and psychological circumstances – bereavement and loss, poverty and discrimination, trauma and abuse. I’m not really sure, whether that any illnesses physical or mental are solely biologically caused, and surely most are the result of a complex mix of social and psychological circumstance. Although this is particularly true of mental health. What is clear though is that difficult circumstances, lead to significant distress, and on tragic occasions to people taking their won lives. The involvement of medicine in that process, Im sure benefits some people. But the solution, I believe must be social, what we do as a society.
- Poverty is disempowering
- Employment – and mental healthUnemployment is a shock – booms and busts of the system
- The parallels with the dying days of the communist system are striking. The collapse of the Soviet Union was characterised by a sharp increase in mortality. There were many factors involved and, as some of you know, we have shown the important role played by easy access to potent and cheap alcohol. [] But one of the causes of death that increased markedly was suicide. We showed how people living in Russian regions experiencing the most rapid rates of economic transition died in the largest numbers. [] Later, when we looked across the former communist world, we were able to show the important role played by rapid and uncontrolled privatisation, often involving state run enterprises being handed over to those who would soon become oligarchs living in London and owning football clubs. It was not so much the experience of losing one’s job, although that was bad enough. Rather, it was the anticipation of doing so in a situation where it was abundantly clear that no-one could care less. Suicides RussiaLancet privatisation
- The recession ….
- Iceland – imf rescue package-recomending massive austerity- cuts 30% of the health budgetReferendum 3% population took t the streets93% voted againstRejected austerity measuesThroughout the goverment
- What government do matters –What people make governments do matters
- I’ve mainly focused on – what can be done nationallyAnd it is right that we seek to influence national policy.