1. Monitoring Governance in REDD
Rosalind Reeve
Forest Campaign Manager
Global Witness
Peter Holmgren
Director Climate, Energy & Tenure
Food and Agriculture Organization

2. Outline
1. Where are we?
2. A framework for REDD Monitoring
3. Review of governance monitoring initiatives
4. A vision for governance monitoring
5. What next?

4. Business climate in 40 countries in
UN-REDD and FCPF
• 80% of 40 REDD countries in FCPF and UN-REDD
rated at B or below
B = unstable, largely inefficient, company
transactions run appreciable risks
• 33% of countries rated at D
D = highly risky, company transactions very
difficult to manage

5. UNFCCC REDD Text
Safeguards on Governance
Safeguards to be [promoted] [and] [supported]:
• Transparent and effective national forest
governance structures, taking into account
national legislation and sovereignty
• Full and effective participation of relevant
stakeholders, including in particular
indigenous peoples and local communities

6. Monitoring Safeguards
• requests that a developing country Party
aiming to undertake activities referred to in
paragraph 3….develop:
• [A robust and transparent national forest
monitoring system for the monitoring and
reporting of the activities referred to in
paragraph 3 above [, and the safeguards
referred to in paragraph 2 above]….]

7. FCPF R-PP Template
• How will the monitoring system address key
governance factors?
• How will it monitor social and environmental
impacts?
• How does it provide for establishing
independent monitoring and review, involving
civil society and other stakeholders?

8. A monitoring framework
Emissions Safeguards
National
Reporting
In-country
Implementation

9. A monitoring framework – what?
Emissions Safeguards
Consistent
National Deforestation
Transparent & Effective
Reporting Forest Degradation Governance
Rights of Communities
Conservation
Stakeholder Participation
Sustainable management
In-country Enhancement
Conservation
Reversals
Implementation
Displacement

10. A monitoring framework – how?
Emissions Safeguards
National
Reporting ??
In-country
Implementation

11. A monitoring framework –
approaches
Emissions Safeguards
National National level
National Forest Inventory Governance
Reporting
????????
Remote
In-country Sensing
Implementation Monitoring Independent Monitoring

12. Governance Monitoring Initiatives
• Forest management, logging and timber trade
• REDD

13. Forest management, logging & timber trade
• Independent Forest Monitoring (IFM) – REM,
Global Witness, CONADEH, SGS, Imazon (1999)
• Illegal logging indicators – Chatham House (2006)
• Forest Transparency Report Card – Global Witness
(2008)
• Forest Governance Integrity Programme –
corruption monitoring tool - Transparency
International (2009)
• Analytical Framework for Governance Reforms –
World Bank (2009)

14. REDD
• Governance of Forests Initiative – WRI
• Country-led governance assessments –
UN-REDD
• IM-REDD – Global Witness
• Global Comparative Study on REDD -
CIFOR
• REDD+ Social & Environmental
Standards – CCBA / CARE

15. IFM Country Programmes
Cambodia Cameroon
1999 – 2005 2000 –
Global Witness Global Witness
SGS REM
Honduras
2005 – Congo
Global Witness / CONADEH 2006 –
CONADEH REM (IM-FLEG)
Nicaragua
Brazil
2006 –
Imazon
Global Witness

16. Applied 10 years experience to REDD

17. IM-REDD
What needs to be monitored independently?
Transparency
Policy
Engagement Enforcement
Regulations
Accountability
Goods & Services Revenue
Quality of results of Benefit distribution
C-MRV Rights

18. What happens if we don’t do
IM-REDD?

19. Country-led Governance Assessments for
REDD +
Preparation Identify key Establish Identify national
REDD+ Steering institutions or
stakeholders committee CSOs to host the
initiative
Steps may have already been undertaken in UN-REDD
quick start countries or countries with an R-PP
Assessment
Conduct multi- Organize Conduct
stakeholder assessment, assessment and
dialogue on framework and analyze the
governance indicators results
priorities
Disseminate Conduct multi-
Uptake
results stakeholder
consultation
Informed by
framework of
indicators
Develop policy Conduct policy Institutionalize the
recommendations reform based on assessment to
Use
evidence conduct at regular
intervals

20. A governance monitoring vision
• Common base for governance monitoring
– across purposes, policies, regions and scales
– avoid complexity
– avoid fragmentation (cf biodiversity..)
• Context specific adaptation of methods and
indicators
• Ability to measure Change & Performance
• Integrated with overall MRV system

21. Three elements to measure change and
performance in governance?
1. Stakeholder participation
2. Legislation, implementation & enforcement
3. Accountability & Transparency

22. What next?
• Process to achieve convergence and
standards
• Expand forest governance reporting in
FAO Forest Resources Assessment
• The bigger picture beyond REDD
• Window of opportunity