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INTRODUCTION TO CCS
Barry Jones, General Manager – Asia Pacific, Global CCS Institute
11 November 2013
Overview

• About the Global CCS Institute
• Rationale for CCS
• Overview of CCS technology
• Current CCS projects
• Impediments to CCS
How the Institute is committed to the challenge

4
Globally connected membership

80

136
82
3

5

74
The Global CCS Institute – what we do

Expert support to Members / Projects

Comprehensive resources

Networking capability

Best practice guidelines and toolkits
CCS: A vital part of our low-carbon energy future

8
CCS plays an important role in emission reductions
Energy-related CO2 emission reductions by technology

SOURCE: IEA
NOTE: Percentages

represent share of
cumulative emissions
reductions to 2050.
Percentages in
brackets represent
share of emissions
reductions in the year
2050.
THE CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE PROCESS
HOW CCS WORKS
Capture: Overview of three major processes
HOW CCS WORKS
Capture: Post-combustion
HOW CCS WORKS
Capture: Oxyfuel-combustion
HOW CCS WORKS
Capture: Pre-combustion
HOW CCS WORKS
Transport overview
HOW CCS WORKS
Storage overview
HOW CCS WORKS
Storage – Geological
HOW CCS WORKS
Bio-Energy with CCS (BECCS)
HOW CCS WORKS
Bio-Energy with CCS (BECCS)
Quotes from recent IPCC AR5 WG1 report:
A large fraction of anthropogenic climate change resulting from CO2
emissions is irreversible on a multi-century to millennial time scale,
except in the case of a large net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere
over a sustained period
…methods [such as BECCS] do not present an option for rapidly
preventing climate change ... However, if implemented on large scales
and for long enough, typically during at least a century, these methods
could potentially make a contribution to slow-down the increase or even
decrease atmospheric CO2
To achieve the RCP2.6 CO2 peak and decline the IMAGE integrated
assessment model simulates widespread implementation of BECCS
technology to achieve globally negative emissions after around 2080.
RCP4.5 also assumes some use of BECCS to stabilise CO2
concentration by 2100.
Achieving a low carbon future: A call to action for CCS
The Global Status of CCS: 2013 – The key Institute publication
 2013 edition: released 10 October
 Comprehensive coverage on the
state of CCS projects and
technologies

 Recommendations for moving
forward based on experience

 Project progress outlined since 2010

22
CCS well understood and a reality

23
Progress is also obvious on the ground

Boundary Dam,
Canada
Quest, Canada

TCM, Norway

Plant Barry, US

24
Important gains but project pipeline reduced

25
Growing importance of China

26
EOR continues to drive development

27
Active projects are almost all industrial separation

12 operating large-scale CCS projects:





8 natural gas processing plants (Norway, Algeria, US, Brazil)
2 fertiliser plants
(US)
1 synthetic natural gas plant
(Canada)
1 hydrogen plant
(US)

8 projects under construction:







2 electricity generation plants (US, Canada)
2 natural gas processing plants (Australia, Saudi Arabia)
1 hydrogen plant
(Canada)
1 fertiliser plant
(Canada)
1 ethanol plant
(US)
1 oil refining/upgrading plant (Canada)
Some power generation projects are in the pipeline

29
Strengthen incentive mechanisms to support
immediate demonstration

30
Goals remain challenging

31
Need long term commitment on actions to mitigate
climate change

 ƒ ƒ CCS progress is currently below the pace
required to make a significant contribution to climate
change mitigation

 In the Institute’s project survey 70 per cent of
projects agreed that policy uncertainty was a major
risk to their project

 Pipeline of projects could then shrink further, placing
climate change targets at risk
RECOMMENDATION 1

Implement sustained policy support that includes long-term
commitments to climate change mitigation and strong market–
based mechanisms that ensure CCS is not disadvantaged

33
Support needed for first mover projects

 ƒ ƒ Need robust projects to move through the
development pipeline and commence construction

 The value of CCS must be continually affirmed
 CCS must not be disadvantaged in relation to other
low-carbon technologiesƒ ƒ
RECOMMENDATION 2

Boost short-term support for the implementation of
demonstration projects. This will require targeted financial
support measures that enable first mover projects to progress
faster through development planning into construction and
provide necessary support during operations
34
Dealing with regulatory uncertainties

 Some important legal and regulatory progress
 ƒ ƒ Despite this several issues persist

 Includes post-closure stewardship and cross-border
movement of CO2

RECOMMENDATION 3

Implement measures to deal with the remaining critical regulatory
uncertainties, such as long-term liabilities. This will involve
learning from the efforts of jurisdictions within Australia, Canada,
Europe and the US, where significant legal and regulatory issues
have been, and continue to be, resolved
35
Support R&D and collaboration

 Much can be learnt from large pilot projects, especially
in industries where no large-scale projects exist

 These projects are crucial for reducing costs and
strengthening investor and stakeholder confidence

 Need to address gaps in iron and steel and cement
 Globally collaborative R&D more cost effective

RECOMMENDATION 4

Continue strong funding support for CCS research and
development activities and encourage collaborative approaches
to knowledge sharing across the CCS community

36
Planning for storage site selection

 Storage screening is important but there is also a need to
focus on maturing demonstration project storage sites

 Storage site selection can take 5–10 years or more
 Currently limited incentives for industry to undertake
costly exploration programs

RECOMMENDATION 5

Create a positive pathway for CCS demonstration by advancing
plans for storage site selection
37
Encourage shared infrastructure

 Scale of infrastructure required for CCS to help meet
climate change mitigation targets is great

 ‘Trunk lines’ that connect capture projects with storage
formations could allow for:

 lower entry barriers
 optimal development of infrastructure

RECOMMENDATION 6

encourage the efficient design and development of transportation
infrastructure through shared hub opportunities to become ‘trunk
lines’ for several carbon dioxide capture projects

38
Action needed

 Encouraging progress with 12 projects in operation
 But we must deal with the decline in the project pipeline

 Short term injection of support required to help
demonstration projects proceed and to build confidence

 Need to ensure that CCS can play its full part in climate
change mitigation and in providing energy security

 Above all action on long-term climate change mitigation
commitments is key to the deployment of CCS

 Time to act is now
39
Introduction to Carbon Capture and Storage

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Introduction to Carbon Capture and Storage

  • 1. INTRODUCTION TO CCS Barry Jones, General Manager – Asia Pacific, Global CCS Institute 11 November 2013
  • 2. Overview • About the Global CCS Institute • Rationale for CCS • Overview of CCS technology • Current CCS projects • Impediments to CCS
  • 3.
  • 4. How the Institute is committed to the challenge 4
  • 6. The Global CCS Institute – what we do Expert support to Members / Projects Comprehensive resources Networking capability Best practice guidelines and toolkits
  • 7.
  • 8. CCS: A vital part of our low-carbon energy future 8
  • 9. CCS plays an important role in emission reductions Energy-related CO2 emission reductions by technology SOURCE: IEA NOTE: Percentages represent share of cumulative emissions reductions to 2050. Percentages in brackets represent share of emissions reductions in the year 2050.
  • 10.
  • 11. THE CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE PROCESS
  • 12. HOW CCS WORKS Capture: Overview of three major processes
  • 13. HOW CCS WORKS Capture: Post-combustion
  • 14. HOW CCS WORKS Capture: Oxyfuel-combustion
  • 15. HOW CCS WORKS Capture: Pre-combustion
  • 18. HOW CCS WORKS Storage – Geological
  • 19. HOW CCS WORKS Bio-Energy with CCS (BECCS)
  • 20. HOW CCS WORKS Bio-Energy with CCS (BECCS) Quotes from recent IPCC AR5 WG1 report: A large fraction of anthropogenic climate change resulting from CO2 emissions is irreversible on a multi-century to millennial time scale, except in the case of a large net removal of CO2 from the atmosphere over a sustained period …methods [such as BECCS] do not present an option for rapidly preventing climate change ... However, if implemented on large scales and for long enough, typically during at least a century, these methods could potentially make a contribution to slow-down the increase or even decrease atmospheric CO2 To achieve the RCP2.6 CO2 peak and decline the IMAGE integrated assessment model simulates widespread implementation of BECCS technology to achieve globally negative emissions after around 2080. RCP4.5 also assumes some use of BECCS to stabilise CO2 concentration by 2100.
  • 21.
  • 22. Achieving a low carbon future: A call to action for CCS The Global Status of CCS: 2013 – The key Institute publication  2013 edition: released 10 October  Comprehensive coverage on the state of CCS projects and technologies  Recommendations for moving forward based on experience  Project progress outlined since 2010 22
  • 23. CCS well understood and a reality 23
  • 24. Progress is also obvious on the ground Boundary Dam, Canada Quest, Canada TCM, Norway Plant Barry, US 24
  • 25. Important gains but project pipeline reduced 25
  • 27. EOR continues to drive development 27
  • 28. Active projects are almost all industrial separation 12 operating large-scale CCS projects:     8 natural gas processing plants (Norway, Algeria, US, Brazil) 2 fertiliser plants (US) 1 synthetic natural gas plant (Canada) 1 hydrogen plant (US) 8 projects under construction:       2 electricity generation plants (US, Canada) 2 natural gas processing plants (Australia, Saudi Arabia) 1 hydrogen plant (Canada) 1 fertiliser plant (Canada) 1 ethanol plant (US) 1 oil refining/upgrading plant (Canada)
  • 29. Some power generation projects are in the pipeline 29
  • 30. Strengthen incentive mechanisms to support immediate demonstration 30
  • 32.
  • 33. Need long term commitment on actions to mitigate climate change  ƒ ƒ CCS progress is currently below the pace required to make a significant contribution to climate change mitigation  In the Institute’s project survey 70 per cent of projects agreed that policy uncertainty was a major risk to their project  Pipeline of projects could then shrink further, placing climate change targets at risk RECOMMENDATION 1 Implement sustained policy support that includes long-term commitments to climate change mitigation and strong market– based mechanisms that ensure CCS is not disadvantaged 33
  • 34. Support needed for first mover projects  ƒ ƒ Need robust projects to move through the development pipeline and commence construction  The value of CCS must be continually affirmed  CCS must not be disadvantaged in relation to other low-carbon technologiesƒ ƒ RECOMMENDATION 2 Boost short-term support for the implementation of demonstration projects. This will require targeted financial support measures that enable first mover projects to progress faster through development planning into construction and provide necessary support during operations 34
  • 35. Dealing with regulatory uncertainties  Some important legal and regulatory progress  ƒ ƒ Despite this several issues persist  Includes post-closure stewardship and cross-border movement of CO2 RECOMMENDATION 3 Implement measures to deal with the remaining critical regulatory uncertainties, such as long-term liabilities. This will involve learning from the efforts of jurisdictions within Australia, Canada, Europe and the US, where significant legal and regulatory issues have been, and continue to be, resolved 35
  • 36. Support R&D and collaboration  Much can be learnt from large pilot projects, especially in industries where no large-scale projects exist  These projects are crucial for reducing costs and strengthening investor and stakeholder confidence  Need to address gaps in iron and steel and cement  Globally collaborative R&D more cost effective RECOMMENDATION 4 Continue strong funding support for CCS research and development activities and encourage collaborative approaches to knowledge sharing across the CCS community 36
  • 37. Planning for storage site selection  Storage screening is important but there is also a need to focus on maturing demonstration project storage sites  Storage site selection can take 5–10 years or more  Currently limited incentives for industry to undertake costly exploration programs RECOMMENDATION 5 Create a positive pathway for CCS demonstration by advancing plans for storage site selection 37
  • 38. Encourage shared infrastructure  Scale of infrastructure required for CCS to help meet climate change mitigation targets is great  ‘Trunk lines’ that connect capture projects with storage formations could allow for:  lower entry barriers  optimal development of infrastructure RECOMMENDATION 6 encourage the efficient design and development of transportation infrastructure through shared hub opportunities to become ‘trunk lines’ for several carbon dioxide capture projects 38
  • 39. Action needed  Encouraging progress with 12 projects in operation  But we must deal with the decline in the project pipeline  Short term injection of support required to help demonstration projects proceed and to build confidence  Need to ensure that CCS can play its full part in climate change mitigation and in providing energy security  Above all action on long-term climate change mitigation commitments is key to the deployment of CCS  Time to act is now 39