The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Effect of biofertilizer in combination with organic manures on growth and fol...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
physiochemical characterization of the brewers’ spent grain from a breweryIJEAB
Brewers' spent grain is a by-product generated in the production process of breweries formed by the solid part obtained from the wort filtration before boiling. It is mainly comprised of pulp and husk residues of the malt, but it also contains grains of the adjuncts, such as rice, maize and wheat. Quantitatively, brewers' spent grain is the main byproduct of the brewing process and currently it is used as animal feed. The objective of this study was to determine the physiochemical composition of the brewers' spent grain and its potential use in human food. To this end, brewers' spent grain samples were collected from a craft beer brewery located in the southwestern region of the state of Paraná, determining such parameters as moisture, ash, total proteins, lipids, crude fiber, carbohydrates and energy. The results revealed that the moisture and ash levels were 78.23 ± 1.45 and 3.76± 1.23g.100g-1, respectively. The figures for carbohydrates, total proteins, total fats and crude fibers were 1.89±1.21; 4.89 ± 0.29; 2.67 ± 0.68 and 4.19 ± 0.56, represented in g.100g-1 respectively. The energy values obtained were 109.23± 4.23 kcal.100g-1. As such, the conclusion can be drawn that brewers' spent grain can be used in both animal and human food.
Effect of biofertilizer in combination with organic manures on growth and fol...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
physiochemical characterization of the brewers’ spent grain from a breweryIJEAB
Brewers' spent grain is a by-product generated in the production process of breweries formed by the solid part obtained from the wort filtration before boiling. It is mainly comprised of pulp and husk residues of the malt, but it also contains grains of the adjuncts, such as rice, maize and wheat. Quantitatively, brewers' spent grain is the main byproduct of the brewing process and currently it is used as animal feed. The objective of this study was to determine the physiochemical composition of the brewers' spent grain and its potential use in human food. To this end, brewers' spent grain samples were collected from a craft beer brewery located in the southwestern region of the state of Paraná, determining such parameters as moisture, ash, total proteins, lipids, crude fiber, carbohydrates and energy. The results revealed that the moisture and ash levels were 78.23 ± 1.45 and 3.76± 1.23g.100g-1, respectively. The figures for carbohydrates, total proteins, total fats and crude fibers were 1.89±1.21; 4.89 ± 0.29; 2.67 ± 0.68 and 4.19 ± 0.56, represented in g.100g-1 respectively. The energy values obtained were 109.23± 4.23 kcal.100g-1. As such, the conclusion can be drawn that brewers' spent grain can be used in both animal and human food.
Comparative Study of Zootechnical Performances and Survival Rates in Rainbow ...IJEAB
Considering its economic and halieutic interest, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, on 1792) is one of the species the most appreciated in the world, in particular for the sports fishing. To compare the effects of two food of different formulation, (the one premises(place) used by the center of salmon farming and the other one imported) on some biological parameters of the trout rainbow, an experimental study was realized between 1st Mars and June 15th, 2016 in the National Center of Hydrobiology and Fish farming of Azrou on 2000 fish fry stemming from the same prize of eggs and restarted randomly in 4 rectangular ponds fed with fresh water and fed four times by days during 107 days. The obtained results show good that the best performances of growth in length and in weight, the survival rate and feed efficiency are attributed to the imported food.
Comparison of kinetic models for biogas production rate from saw dusteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cassava Waste Water and Abdominal Cow Dung under Ch...IJCMESJOURNAL
Anaerobic co-digestion of cassava waste water (CWW) and abdominal cow dung (ACD)in different proportions was studied in five treatments under changing meteorological conditions. The five treatment cases T1: 100% CWW; T2: 100% ACD; T3: 90%CWW +10%ACD; T4:70%CWW+30%ACD; T5: 50%CWW+50%ACD were digested under anaerobic conditions in model batch, metallic bio digesters of same working volume (32.0 liters) for 30 days retention period. Results indicated that T2 system flamed on the 20th day, T5 on the 20th day while T1, T4 and T3 systems didn’t flame. T1 had cumulative gas yield of 12.7 liters; T2 had 28.85 liters; T3 had 12.5 liters,T4 had 11.1 liters while T5 had cumulative gas yield of 15.8 liters per 24kg mass of slurry. T2had 91.20% methane; while T5 produced 92.999% methane. Daily biogas yields were modeled as functions of meteorological parameters. Results indicated that many parameters showed good correlations with ambient temperature.
The study probed into the statistical analysis of the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the yield of sorghum; which was carried out at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU) School Farm, Bauchi State. The study relied on secondary data from ATBU school farm structured using a single variety of sorghum at three level of organic (0, 1 and 2t/kg) and four level of inorganic (0, 15, 30, 45kgN/ha) fertilizer. Cow dung and NPK were sources of fertilizer used in the secondary data. SPSS version 20 software was employed to analyze the data obtained. Each variable considered was subjected to univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of the means by employing Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result indicated that the effect of fertilization on yield and weight of sorghum were significant at p=0.001. Application of 45kgN/ha of NPK gave the highest yield of 3.6t/ha among sole application of NPK, while 1t/ha of cow dung recorded the highest yield (2.37t/ha) among sole application of cow dung. It was observed that a combination of 2t/ha of cow dung + 45kg/ha of NPK significantly (P=0.001) gave the highest yield of 4.4t/ha of sorghum. However, it was not significantly better than sole application of 45kg/ha of NPK and a combine application of 2t/ha of cow dung + 30kg/ha of NPK. Similarly, 2t/ha of cow dung + 45kg/ha of NPK significantly gave the highest weight of 418kg/ha of sorghum.
Evaluation of the three diets of different biochemical compositions on the zo...IJAEMSJORNAL
In order to compare the effects of three types of extruded foods (A, B and C) on the growth of rainbow trout, an experimental test was conducted on June 15, 2015 at the Oum Er Rbia Fish, Morocco. The comparison of three foods of different composition and energy is performed in isoenergetic condition. In this study, three extruded foods were tested: food A with 39% protein, 27% fat and 19.2 MJ / kg, food B with41% protein , 24% fat and 20 MJ / Kg and food C with40% protein, 26 fat and 19 MJ / Kg .The initial trout weight was ±40 g bred in six freshwater basins with twice-per-hour renewal. Fish were raised under the same conditions of breeding at a density of 1.58 kg / m3 and a load of 1.04 m3 / h. Each group was fed twice a day after 222 days of experimentation. The final weight of three foods A, B and C was 803.14g, 1043.9g and 942.1g. Results showed that the best performances of growth are obtained by food B with a final weight of 1043.9g. The biochemical composition, the origin of the raw material used in the feed and the formulation of the three extruded feeds had an influence on the growth performance of the rainbow trout. Outlet water from magnification basins does not show any pollution of the aquatic environment.
The current state of cap-and-trade in the U.S. and the mandatory greenhouse g...LPE Learning Center
Where is U.S. policy and voluntary markets current at in terms of cap-and-trade? What is the mandatory greenhouse gas reporting rule and how does it apply to animal agriculture? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
Energy, economic and GHG emissions analysis of potato productionInnspub Net
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are among the foremost vital international food crops. In this study crosssectional
data were collected from potato growers by employing a face to face survey in East-Azerbaijan Province of Iran. The data collected was analyzed for the energy, GHG emissions and economics of potato production.
According to the results, total average energy inputs consumption and GHG emissions were 131608.14 MJ ha-1
and 4542 kg CO2eq.ha-1, respectively. Electricity, chemical fertilizers and diesel fuel were the most influential
factors in energy consumption with quantity of 46.3, 34.7 and 24.6 GJ ha-1. Energy use efficiency, net energy and
energy intensiveness were 0.97, -4292 MJ ha-1 and 21.73 MJ $-1, respectively. Among the energy inputs, the
contribution of DE was more than that of IDE energy and also the proportion of NRE was more than RE resources. Electricity with a share of 52% played the most important role on GHG emissions, followed by diesel fuel (31%) and chemical fertilizer (12%). The results of economic analysis showed that the benefit to cost ratio was 1.1 and the economic productivity was 5.84 kg $-1. Economic analysis showed that the potato production could be a profitable business in East-Azerbaijan Province. Encouraging farm energy consumers to use less electricity is indispensable for sustainable use of energy and a key element of GHGs emission reduction.
World reserves of petroleum are rapidly depleting, in recent years methane from biogas has emerged as important alternative resource for fuel and chemicals production and has generated a great deal of research interest in methane production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic raw material in the world. Production of methane as second-generation biofuels from renewable lignocellulosic resources may improve energy availability, decrease air pollution and diminish atmospheric CO2 emissions. The use of wheat straw does not affect the food supply; thus, wheat straw was analyzed as a raw material for second-generation biofuels production. The aim of this paper is to present a thermodynamic analysis for methane production from lignin-based aromatics (vanillin) with the method of Gibbs free energy minimization using the Aspen Plus® simulator. The analysis was carried out using the interval 350-1500 K, feeding a H2O/Vanillin ratio (WVR) of 0.6 to 5.0, 1 atm. The results showed that the vanillin conversion was almost completed, except at the highest vanillin feed concentration, in which the conversion was of 65%. Methane yields from 2 to 4 mol CH4/mol vanillin were obtained at high and low vanillin feed concentrations, respectively, when operating at low temperature.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Comparative Study of Zootechnical Performances and Survival Rates in Rainbow ...IJEAB
Considering its economic and halieutic interest, the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, on 1792) is one of the species the most appreciated in the world, in particular for the sports fishing. To compare the effects of two food of different formulation, (the one premises(place) used by the center of salmon farming and the other one imported) on some biological parameters of the trout rainbow, an experimental study was realized between 1st Mars and June 15th, 2016 in the National Center of Hydrobiology and Fish farming of Azrou on 2000 fish fry stemming from the same prize of eggs and restarted randomly in 4 rectangular ponds fed with fresh water and fed four times by days during 107 days. The obtained results show good that the best performances of growth in length and in weight, the survival rate and feed efficiency are attributed to the imported food.
Comparison of kinetic models for biogas production rate from saw dusteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Cassava Waste Water and Abdominal Cow Dung under Ch...IJCMESJOURNAL
Anaerobic co-digestion of cassava waste water (CWW) and abdominal cow dung (ACD)in different proportions was studied in five treatments under changing meteorological conditions. The five treatment cases T1: 100% CWW; T2: 100% ACD; T3: 90%CWW +10%ACD; T4:70%CWW+30%ACD; T5: 50%CWW+50%ACD were digested under anaerobic conditions in model batch, metallic bio digesters of same working volume (32.0 liters) for 30 days retention period. Results indicated that T2 system flamed on the 20th day, T5 on the 20th day while T1, T4 and T3 systems didn’t flame. T1 had cumulative gas yield of 12.7 liters; T2 had 28.85 liters; T3 had 12.5 liters,T4 had 11.1 liters while T5 had cumulative gas yield of 15.8 liters per 24kg mass of slurry. T2had 91.20% methane; while T5 produced 92.999% methane. Daily biogas yields were modeled as functions of meteorological parameters. Results indicated that many parameters showed good correlations with ambient temperature.
The study probed into the statistical analysis of the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the yield of sorghum; which was carried out at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU) School Farm, Bauchi State. The study relied on secondary data from ATBU school farm structured using a single variety of sorghum at three level of organic (0, 1 and 2t/kg) and four level of inorganic (0, 15, 30, 45kgN/ha) fertilizer. Cow dung and NPK were sources of fertilizer used in the secondary data. SPSS version 20 software was employed to analyze the data obtained. Each variable considered was subjected to univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of the means by employing Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result indicated that the effect of fertilization on yield and weight of sorghum were significant at p=0.001. Application of 45kgN/ha of NPK gave the highest yield of 3.6t/ha among sole application of NPK, while 1t/ha of cow dung recorded the highest yield (2.37t/ha) among sole application of cow dung. It was observed that a combination of 2t/ha of cow dung + 45kg/ha of NPK significantly (P=0.001) gave the highest yield of 4.4t/ha of sorghum. However, it was not significantly better than sole application of 45kg/ha of NPK and a combine application of 2t/ha of cow dung + 30kg/ha of NPK. Similarly, 2t/ha of cow dung + 45kg/ha of NPK significantly gave the highest weight of 418kg/ha of sorghum.
Evaluation of the three diets of different biochemical compositions on the zo...IJAEMSJORNAL
In order to compare the effects of three types of extruded foods (A, B and C) on the growth of rainbow trout, an experimental test was conducted on June 15, 2015 at the Oum Er Rbia Fish, Morocco. The comparison of three foods of different composition and energy is performed in isoenergetic condition. In this study, three extruded foods were tested: food A with 39% protein, 27% fat and 19.2 MJ / kg, food B with41% protein , 24% fat and 20 MJ / Kg and food C with40% protein, 26 fat and 19 MJ / Kg .The initial trout weight was ±40 g bred in six freshwater basins with twice-per-hour renewal. Fish were raised under the same conditions of breeding at a density of 1.58 kg / m3 and a load of 1.04 m3 / h. Each group was fed twice a day after 222 days of experimentation. The final weight of three foods A, B and C was 803.14g, 1043.9g and 942.1g. Results showed that the best performances of growth are obtained by food B with a final weight of 1043.9g. The biochemical composition, the origin of the raw material used in the feed and the formulation of the three extruded feeds had an influence on the growth performance of the rainbow trout. Outlet water from magnification basins does not show any pollution of the aquatic environment.
The current state of cap-and-trade in the U.S. and the mandatory greenhouse g...LPE Learning Center
Where is U.S. policy and voluntary markets current at in terms of cap-and-trade? What is the mandatory greenhouse gas reporting rule and how does it apply to animal agriculture? For more on this topic, visit: http://extension.org/60702
Energy, economic and GHG emissions analysis of potato productionInnspub Net
Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) are among the foremost vital international food crops. In this study crosssectional
data were collected from potato growers by employing a face to face survey in East-Azerbaijan Province of Iran. The data collected was analyzed for the energy, GHG emissions and economics of potato production.
According to the results, total average energy inputs consumption and GHG emissions were 131608.14 MJ ha-1
and 4542 kg CO2eq.ha-1, respectively. Electricity, chemical fertilizers and diesel fuel were the most influential
factors in energy consumption with quantity of 46.3, 34.7 and 24.6 GJ ha-1. Energy use efficiency, net energy and
energy intensiveness were 0.97, -4292 MJ ha-1 and 21.73 MJ $-1, respectively. Among the energy inputs, the
contribution of DE was more than that of IDE energy and also the proportion of NRE was more than RE resources. Electricity with a share of 52% played the most important role on GHG emissions, followed by diesel fuel (31%) and chemical fertilizer (12%). The results of economic analysis showed that the benefit to cost ratio was 1.1 and the economic productivity was 5.84 kg $-1. Economic analysis showed that the potato production could be a profitable business in East-Azerbaijan Province. Encouraging farm energy consumers to use less electricity is indispensable for sustainable use of energy and a key element of GHGs emission reduction.
World reserves of petroleum are rapidly depleting, in recent years methane from biogas has emerged as important alternative resource for fuel and chemicals production and has generated a great deal of research interest in methane production. Lignocellulosic biomass is the most abundant organic raw material in the world. Production of methane as second-generation biofuels from renewable lignocellulosic resources may improve energy availability, decrease air pollution and diminish atmospheric CO2 emissions. The use of wheat straw does not affect the food supply; thus, wheat straw was analyzed as a raw material for second-generation biofuels production. The aim of this paper is to present a thermodynamic analysis for methane production from lignin-based aromatics (vanillin) with the method of Gibbs free energy minimization using the Aspen Plus® simulator. The analysis was carried out using the interval 350-1500 K, feeding a H2O/Vanillin ratio (WVR) of 0.6 to 5.0, 1 atm. The results showed that the vanillin conversion was almost completed, except at the highest vanillin feed concentration, in which the conversion was of 65%. Methane yields from 2 to 4 mol CH4/mol vanillin were obtained at high and low vanillin feed concentrations, respectively, when operating at low temperature.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Optimization of Experimental Biomethanation Applied to Poultry Droppings for ...IJEAB
The fight against climate change is first and foremost passed by the reduction of greenhouse gases (GHG). Mainly in the form of methane CH4, the GHGs emitted by the waste originate from the decomposition of organic matter which is more commonly known as Anaerobic Digestion (AD) or Biomethanation. Livestock manure is one of the major hazards to the environment and human health due to the nuisances and pollution generated. The present study consists of optimizing the methane fermentation applied to poultry droppings. This optimization focuses on the daily monitoring of experimental digesters, on the physico-chemical characterization of the inputs used and on the study of the effect of temperature and inoculum changes on the daily production of biogas and its composition (CH4, CO2 and H2S). The main results show, on the one hand, that the stability of the DA process after initial filling depends on experimental conditions, the general characteristics of the anaerobic digester, the initial biomass activity and the nature of the introduced inoculum. On the other hand, the production of biogas is better at a temperature of 35°C than at a temperature of 55°C and the addition of the inoculum has improved the production of biogas and the CH4 content, especially the use Of liquid poultry digestate.
Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compostijtsrd
Agricultural activities tend to generate a substantial volume of animal and crop residues. Composting is the most economical and ecologically sustainable option to manage farmyard waste. However, it takes approximately three months to complete decomposition and contains lower plant nutrient percentages than inorganic fertilisers. This study aimed to reduce the decomposition time and improve the nutrient content of compost. Aerobic decomposition was enhanced by aeration inside the pile using a blower with 0.5 l min kg airflow. Paddy straw, poultry manure, goat manure, cattle manure and paddy husk ash were mixed in 3 1 1 1 1 ratio respectively as the raw materials and 3 of Eppawala Rock Phosphate was added to the mixture in weight basis. Six piles 150 X 100 X 80 cm were prepared, and three piles were aerated for six hours per day while other three piles were left to decompose under the ambient condition as the control. According to the results, aerated and control piles took 35 days and 65 days to complete the decomposition. Total N, available P, exchangeable K, C N ratio, pH, EC and CEC were analysed in compost samples from aerated after 35 days and controls, and the results were, 20.5 g kg 1, 1.8 g kg 1, 10.4 g kg 1, 7, 8.8, 4.3 mS cm 1, 19.3 cmol kg 1 and 17.8 g kg 1, 1.5 g kg 1, 9.9 g kg 1, 8.5, 8.8, 3.64 mS cm 1, 21.3 cmol kg 1 respectively. Data were analysed using SAS 9.0 software with a 95 confidence interval. The results revealed a significant increment in total N, exchangeable K, C N ratio, EC and CEC in aerated piles compared to controls. And the nutrient composition of both methods was significantly higher than the commercial compost. Therefore, it can be concluded that decomposition time can be effectively reduced and the nutrient level can be increased by artificial aeration and nutrient enrichment, respectively. However, further studies are recommended to study the economic feasibility. D. M. S. H. Dissanayaka | V. P. T. Dhananjaya | E. J. Kosgollegedara | S. Karthigayini "Impact of Improved Aeration on Decomposition Rate of Enriched Compost" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38557.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/agricultural-engineering/38557/impact-of-improved-aeration-on-decomposition-rate-of-enriched-compost/d-m-s-h-dissanayaka
Biogas Production Enhancement from Mixed Animal Wastes at Mesophilic Anaerobi...IJERA Editor
In this work, the effect of mixing ratio of cattle dung (CD) and poultry droppings (PD) on biogas generation was
determined. Mixtures of various CD: PD ratios (100% : 0%; 50% : 50%; 60% : 40%; 80% : 20% and 0% :
100%) were prepared, analyzed and then aerobically digested for a period of 40 days. For each mixture,
fermentation was carried out in a 20 L capacity digester. Results showed that biogas was obtained from the
digestion of CD and PD alone, showing the biogas from CD was several times larger than that from PD.
Furthermore, the resulted biogas yields from mixtures were found a function of the CD : PD ratio, the yield from
the ratio 80 : 20 was the maximum. Biogas yields from the prepared mixtures were found and arranged from
larger to lower in the form of (CD : PD) ratios as follow: 80% : 20%; 100% : 0.0%; 60% : 40%; 0.0% :
100%;50% : 50%. Addition of CD to PD enhances the PD production of biogas, while addition of a small
portion of PD to CD gave the maximum yield, a result not determined in literature. In other hand, larger
additions of PD to CD reduced the biogas yield. The effect of pH was also determined and found better around
7.0. These results are in agreement with research work in literature.
Evaluation of Biogas Production from the Digestion of Swine Dung, Plantain Pe...IJCMESJOURNAL
This study centered on biogas production from locally available animal and kitchen wastes: swine dung (SD), plantain peel (PP) and fluted pumpkin stem (PS) using five 32-Litres metallic prototype digesters. The anaerobic digestion was in the ratio of 3:1 of water to waste for all the samples as follows: Sample A was 100%SD, Sample B; 100% PP, Sample C; 100% PS, Sample D; 50%SD+50%PP and Sample E; 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS. The retention time was 30 days and parameters like pH, pressure, daily biogas production, ambient and slurry temperatures alongside the physico-chemical properties of wastes were monitored. The cumulative gas production yield was 11.5L, 35.1L, 39.5L, 46.9L, 59.3L for Sample A, Sample B, Sample C, Sample D and Sample E respectively. The flammable time was 15th, 5th, 25th, 26th, 2nd day for sample A, sample B, sample C, sample D and sample E respectively. The result revealed that the blend of the 3 substrates i.e. sample E: 40% SD+30% PP+30% PS gave the highest yield of biogas and flamed earlier than the other samples while sample A: 100%SD had the lowest yield of biogas. The results also showed that the sample that had the highest composition of methane in the biogas produced was Sample D: 50%SD+50%PP with 85.6989% while the lowest composition of methane was found in Sample C to be 79.0996%. The TS, TVS, BOD and VS were seen to be consistently reducing showing the level of waste treatment achieved during the digestion period of 30 days.
Green waste compost with wood ash additive improves physico-chemical and biol...AI Publications
A greenhouse study was conducted to assess the potential of green waste wood ash compost on a tropical acid soil. Four types of compost (prepared with 0, 5, 10 and 15% of wood ash prior composting) were used to amend an Oxisol from the centre region of Cameroon. The different composts were mixed with the soil in 1/4 proportions (w/w); the experimental design was a completely randomized block with three replicates per treatment. The different treatments were planted with soybean (Glycine max L.) for three month growing period. Compost amendment increased the soil pH, organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. Bacterial and fungal biomass together with cellulase and protease activities also increased in amended soil. Following soil chemical, physical and chemical parameters, plant growth and yield also improved in compost treated sols. However, compost prepared with 15% wood ash additive showed trends of inhibition of the soil microbiota. It can be concluded that green waste wood ash compost could be used as a suitable soil fertilizer for tropical acid soils, although precautions are to be taken when using these composts prepared with addition of wood ash ≥ 15%.
Welcome to International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
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At present our country is facing various problems, among that energy crisis has become more serious in next coming years. Both energy crisis and pollution problems could be controlled by adopting an alternative method of biogas production form waste products. Food waste is the best alternative for biogas production in a community level biogas plant. Hence in the present study, an attempt has been made to study the rate of biogas production in a lab scale biogas digester model for the efficient conversion of the food waste (starch –rich materials) generated from PRIST University Campus. The biogas production depends on the maximum biogas yield, the concentration of volatile solids of the input, the density of the effluent, the density of the biogas and the reaction rate constant, which are all substrate - or process - specific. The experiments were carried out for 40 days and the rate of gas production was measured by water displacement method. The pH value of the cow dung and food waste was initially measured and adjusted to nearer to neutral and gradually increased to acidic and again it got stabilised to the neutral pH which favoured the production of biogas. The percentage of total solids was 69.86, 93.56 and 25.67 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile solids was 52.5, 86.3 and 18.9 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. The percentage of volatile fatty acid was 285, 356 and 365 for cow dung, food waste and digested slurry respectively. Observations on daily basis were made on the constituent of biogas, pH, volume and rate of biogas production. The rate of biogas production continuously increased as days progressed and there was maximum yield in biogas after 20 days. Thus continuous feeding helps in daily biogas production and can be used at a small as well as larger scale to manage the organic waste and energy production for various applications.
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НАДІЯ ФЕДЮШКО БАЦ «Професійне зростання QA спеціаліста»
A03210106
1. The International Journal Of Engineering And Science (IJES)
||Volume||3 ||Issue|| 2||Pages|| 01-06||2014||
ISSN(e): 2319 – 1813 ISSN(p): 2319 – 1805
Comparative Study of Mesophilic Biogas Production Potentials of
Selected Agro-Wastes
Tsunatu D. Yavini1*, Usman H. Taura2, Nuhu Mohammed3 And James M.
Namo3
1,
2,
Chemistry Department, Taraba State University, P.M.B 1167, Jalingo – Taraba State
Chemical Engineering Department, University Of Maiduguri, Maiduguri – Borno State
3,
Chemical Engineering Department, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria – Kaduna State
----------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-----------------------------------------------------Biogas production from agricultural wastes (Groundnut shell, Maize Cobs, Rice Straw and Bagasse) inoculated
with cattle dung/poultry droppings was investigated. These substrates were charged into batch digesters and
labeled sample A-D with the ratio of amount of total solids to water in each of the bio-digester being the same
and were subjected to Anaerobic Mesophilic conditions. The biogas produced was collected by the saline water
displacement method and subsequently measured. Results obtained showed that, Sample C (Rice Straw) has the
highest cumulative biogas generation of 692.9ml, followed by Sample B, A and D with cumulative biogas
generation of 468.7ml, 325.5ml and 185.9ml respectively, with a p H range of 6.5 – 7.7. It could be concluded
that, the inoculation of agricultural wastes with methanogenic bacteria sources have an important role and
efficacy in the biogas generation quantity. Wastes recycling and biogas production requires strong
governmental support to be successful in terms of environmental pollution control and management that might
have resulted from the domestic disposal of these agricultural wastes.
KEYWORDS: Bagasse, Inoculums, Biogas, Rice Straw, Anaerobic, Pollution, Mesophilic
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: 14 January 2014
Date of Acceptance: 11 February 2014
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------I.
INTRODUCTION:
The crisis faced globally in terms of energy utilization has generated interest in the use of agricultural
waste as a substitute for fossil fuels. Agricultural wastes have a large potential as an energy source. The increase
in agricultural activities resulting to increased agricultural wastes and the expansion of the renewable energy
sector shows that agricultural wastes could play a vital role in future’s biofuels sources. Biogas is a mixture of
different gases produced as a result of the anaerobia micro-organic action on both domestic and agricultural
wastes, with a composition of approximately 50% methane and other gases in relatively low proportions such as
CO2, H2, N2 and O2 (Ezeomu et al, 2005; Kalia et al,2000). Anaerobic Digestion (AD) could be a good approach
for agricultural waste utilization because it cannot only produce biofuels but also a residue which has been
regarded as an organic fertilizer (Bio-fertilizer) with high NPK concentration (Diaz et al, 2011). The breaking
down of inputs (reactants), that are complex organic materials, is achieved through a three (3) stage process as
shown below:Hydrolysis: The waste materials of plant and animal origins consist mainly of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
and inorganic materials. The bacteria release an extra cellular enzyme which helps in the solubilization of large
molecular complex substances to simpler ones. This stage is also known as Polymer breakdown stage. For
instance, the cellulose consisting of polymerized glucose is broken down to dimeric, and then to monomer sugar
molecules (glucose) by the action of a cellulosic bacteria.
Acidification: At this stage, the acid forming bacteria break down molecules of six atoms of carbon (glucose)
into molecules of less atoms of carbon (acid), which are in a more reduced state than glucose. The simple
compounds (acids) produced in this process are acetic acid, butyric acid and ethanol.
Methanization: Involves conversion of simple compounds (acids) into methane, CH4 and carbon dioxide, CO2
utilizing anaerobic methanogenic bacteria (Itodo and Philips, 2001), as shown by the following equations:
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2. Comparative Study Of Mesophilic Biogas Production…
Nigeria as a developing country rely on biomass, dung, straws, agricultural, animal and human power
to meet their very basic needs. Hence, the need to imbibe a new technique (Biogas Technology) using some of
these agricultural waste to generate gas which could be used for these basic needs, since, approximately 70% of
the population of the country resides in the rural areas and will not have access to petroleum fractions such as
gas, kerosene, diesel, petrol e.t.c.With the inability of our farmers to use these agricultural wastes in the
appropriate ways as agricultural production increase, they are found deposited in domestic areas where it
becomes sources of environmental pollution causing environmental degradation, diseases, e.t.c. Hence, these
agricultural wastes can be recycled for the production of biogas which could be used as a fuel to power car,
heating purposes or electricity generation (Madu and Sodeinde, 2001).Study reveals that, must agricultural
wastes undergo anaerobic digestion problem, due to the presence of lignocellulose in most of them resulting to
low nitrogen content (Talwage et al, 1973, Haug, 1993). Hence, to improve the digestibility and C:N ratio of
most agricultural wastes, size reduction (increased surface area), pre-treatment and co-digestion with animal
dung as inoculum is highly recommended to obtain an optimum gas yield.The research is objectively geared
towards utilization of the abundantly available agricultural wastes (substrates) from agricultural produce found
all around the country with the aim of exploring their biogas production potentials from co-digestion of the
selected agro-waste with cow dung/poultry droppings as inoculums. The final aim of this study was to choose
the agricultural wastes with the best biogas production potentials and compare the results for all the substrates.
II.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Substrate Collection:
The raw materials for the research were obtained as follow:
Sample A: Groundnut Shell
Sample B: Maize Cobs
Sample C: Rice Straw
Sample D: Bagasse
Sample A was collected from a Groundnut Sheller Plant at Sabon-gida Tukura, Gassol L.G.A, Sample B was
obtained from a household maize thresher in Jalingo Metropolis, Sample C was collected from a rice farm along
Jalingo-Wukari road (Jauro-Yinu). Sample D was collected from the local sugarcane sellers around the A.T.C
Junction, Jalingo.
Proximate Analysis:
These substrates were oven dried at 750C for 5 hours. Then crushed mechanically to smaller sizes using
mortar and pestle (≈ 1 – 4mm particles). Chemical analyses of these substrates were carried out to estimate their
Total Solids (TS), Volatile Matter (VM), Carbon to Nitrogen (C:N) ratio, Ash Contents and Cellulose before the
digestion process by the methods described by (APHA, 1998; Page et al, 1982 and Clescerl et al, 1985).
Apparatus /Equipment:
The apparatus used for this research were Eight (1500ml) Buckner flasks with four as the bio-digester
while four for the saturated brine solution and four conical flask as collector, each contained the brine solution
and was connected to a particular bio-digester by means of a connecting tube and on the other side, connected to
a conical flask by another connecting tube. Other apparatus include weighing balance, thermometer (0 – 1000C),
Digital PH meter, Oven and others for the proximate analysis. The experimental set-up is shown in Figure 1.
Experimental Design:
The set of bio-digesters (Batch Reactors) were labeled (A - D) each containing an agricultural waste
inoculated with cow dung/poultry droppings as starters. A total of 27 grams of the substrates was charged into
each bio-digester. Recommended water content was determined for each sample as reported by (Ituen et al,
2007). That is, Total Solid (TS) of 8% in the fermentation slurry, this was the basis for the determination of
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3. Comparative Study Of Mesophilic Biogas Production…
amount of water to be added for any given mass of total solid.The ratio of amount of Total Solid to water in
each of the bio-digester was the same. These bio-digesters were maintained at a temperature range of 33 – 350C.
The inoculums volume was kept at approximately 10% (v/v) of the reactant volume as described by (Eltawil and
Belal, 2009). A 25g of cow dung/ poultry droppings was prepared by suspending it in a conical flask containing
water for about 20 – 30 days at 380C to produce the enriched methanogenic bacteria to be used as a starter for
the fermentation under anaerobic conditions.
Figure 1: Experimental Set-up at the Chemistry Laboratory, Taraba State University.
Burnt lime was added to each bio-digester to buffer the digesting slurry at PH close to 7, with the PH of each
sample taken every 5 days.
The bio-digesters were set-up as described by (Itodo et al, 1992 and Membere et al, 2012) and biogas
measurement was carried out by using the water displacement method in which the amount of saline water (20%
NaCl (w/v), PH = 4) displaced was proportional to the volume of biogas produced, (Figure 1).
The daily biogas generation was measured by means of the acidified water displacement method or technique to
prevent the dissolution of CO2 contained in the biogas at atmospheric pressure, since the basic end products are
methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2).
Table 1: Physicochemical Properties of the Substrates before Anaerobic Digestion.
Substrate
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Sample D
92
82.96
17.03
39:1
34.72
84.38
77.78
22.22
53:1
38.45
94.43
81.48
18.52
67:1
39.60
87.10
85.19
14.82
87:1
35.80
Parameters
Total Solids (%)
Volatile Matter (%)
Ash Content (%)
C:N Ratio
Cellulose (%)
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4. Comparative Study Of Mesophilic Biogas Production…
Table 2: Total Biogas Generation, PH Values and Temperature Ranges for the Substrates.
Substrate
Sample A
Sample B
Sample C
Sample D
Total Biogas
Generated (ml)
325.5
468.7
692.9
185.9
III.
Mean Volume of
Gas Produced
(ml)
5.92
8.52
12.60
3.38
PH Value
Temperature (0C)
Before
After
Before
After
7-6
7.7
7.5
6.9
6.8
7.1
7.2
6.5
33
35
33.5
33
32
33
33.2
32
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
The values of Total Solids (TS), Volatile Matter (VM), Ash Content, Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C:N)
and cellulose content of Sample A – D before the anaerobic digestion are presented in (Table 1). From table 1, it
can be seen that, the results of these parameters showed little variation between different agricultural wastes
found around the country.The C:N ratios of these agricultural wastes were beyond the optimum range of C/N
ratio for biogas production under mesophilic condition, which is 25-35:1 (Maishanu et al, 1991). It has been
found that, the bacteria in the digestion process use up the carbon present 30-35 times faster than the rate at
which nitrogen is converted. Since nitrogen is the limiting element in the processing of the feed, additive such as
manure, clean sewage-sludge (biosolids), septage and urea can be used as a supplemental nitrogen source as
used in this research.Table 2 presented the results of total biogas generated with Sample C (Rice Straw)
producing the highest value of biogas (692.9ml) with peak production of 23.2ml (day 24) with P H range of 7.5 to
7.2 before and after the digestion respectively (Figure 2). This high production value was attributed to the fact
that a PH value between 7.0 and 7.2 is optimum for increased biogas yield. It was then followed by Sample B
(Maize Cobs), Sample A (Groundnut Shell) and Sample D (Bagasse) with peak production of 16.8ml, 18.4ml
and 17.2ml at (day 21, 16 and 17) respectively. The low total biogas production from Sample D may be
attributed to the general dominance of carbohydrates material in agricultural wastes especially Bagasse at the
expense of protein and lipids which have been reported by (Hobson, 1983) to be the essential precursors for
methane production, major constituent of biogas.
Figure 2: Daily Biogas Production of the various Substrates with their Retention time.
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5. Comparative Study Of Mesophilic Biogas Production…
Figure 3: Cumulative Volume of Biogas Generated for the Research Period
Finally, this result indicated that the processes of biogas generation from agricultural wastes inoculated with
animal manure to supplement nitrogen deficiency proceeds better than when agricultural wastes were digested
alone. This forms the basis that biogas production is rarely constant, because it is susceptible to fluctuation, due
to variations of loading rates, inner and outer operating conditions, possible inhibitors e.t.c (Gregor and Viktor,
2012).
IV.
CONCLUSION
The overall results indicated that the low biogas generation of Sample A and D could be significantly
enhanced in the presence of inoculation at the appropriate ratios with the cow dung and poultry droppings.
Sample C (Rice Straw) gave the best optimum result in terms of being the first sample to start biogas production
in day 3 after the set-up and a cumulative yield of biogas generated. It was observed that, stabilization of
agricultural waste was obtained from co-digestion of these wastes which gives a reasonable biogas production.
Therefore, from the results shown, it can be concluded that Groundnut Shell, Rice Straw, Maize Cobs and
Sugarcane Bagasse which naturally would have been dumped carelessly as domestic wastes can provide an
alternative feedstock for efficient biogas production. Further investigation on the kinetic study, effects of Total
Solids concentration on the optimum Gas Yield will be presented on separate reports.
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