2. • Definition
• Uses
• Parts of goniometer
• Degree of freedom
• End feel
• Procedure of goniometry
• Active ROMs for shoulder and
elbow
3. Gonio = Angle , metron = measure
It is a technique used to measure
and document amount of available
range of motion of joints.
Both PROM and AROM can be
measured.
Tests of muscle strength(MMT) and
neurological function are used in
conjunction with goniometry
4. To identify abnormal conditions related to
muscles, tendons and joints. Such as:
1. Contractures
2. Decreased ROM due to disuse or injury
Developing treatment goals
For evaluating progress/lack of progress in
rehabilitation treatment.
Finding effectiveness of specific therapeutic
technique, medication or surgical
procedure.
5. A standard (universal) goniometer
Consists of :
1. Stationary arm: It is part of body, cannot
move independently
2. Moving arm: Attached to fulcrum in the
center of body
3. Body: A full circle on which 0o to 360o
• degrees are drawn.
8. Joints are described in relation to number
of planes that they can move in.
Uniaxial : movement in only one plane
e.g. elbow joint, knee joint
Biaxial : movement in 2 planes
e.g. wrist joint
Multiaxial : movement in 3 planes
e.g. shoulder joint
9. The feeling of a structure being a barrier
for further motion at the end of joint range
is called END FEEL.
The types of structures limiting ROM have
their own characteristic end feel.
These are of 2 types
1. Normal
2. abnormal
10. 1. Ask the patient to acquire recommended testing
position.
2. Place the join in zero position (neutral position)
3. Stabilize the proximal joint component.
4. Before using goniometer, ask patient to move distal
joint component to complete range, until end feel is
determined.
5. Now palpate bony landmark
6. Align the goniometer
7. Read and record the measurement.