Building Livable Cities : a multi city investigation on ideas that can make Indian cities livable. See: www.theurbanvision.com/blc ;Dr. Omkar Jani, Principal Research Scientist, Gujarat Energy Research & Management Institute presented on model solar city;

1. October 21, 2010 Distributed Photovoltaic Generation at Gandhinagar Dr. Omkar Jani, Dr. R. Gopichandran, Dr. V.P. Dimri Gujarat Energy, Research & Management Institue (GERMI) Research, Innovation and Incubation Centre (GRIIC) omkar.j@germi.res.in

2. Price competitiveness of renewables Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 2 Renewable Options 25 10 20 8 15 6 ¢/KWh INR/KWh 10 4 5 2 0 0 Coal GTCC Nuclear Wind Small Bio Solar Solar Hydro Mass Thermal PV Source: Lawrence Berkeley Lab

4. Immediate: 1MW on Private homes.

5. Perform Technical, Regulatory and Legal Reality Checks.

6. Establish Technical, Regulatory and Legal Framework.

7. Platform for Institutional (Technological, Industrial, Financial, Social, Administrative, etc.) Learning.

8. Platform for Training of Skilled Workforce.Phase II: Scale-Up. Net 40MW at appropriate levels base on Phase I learning.

9. Scope of Gandhinagar PV Rooftop Programme Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 4 RPSSGP: Category 1 RPSSGP: Category 2

10. Questions to be answered… Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 5 Technical: How many MW can be installed? How to govern the quality of PV installations? Safety standards? What will be the implications on grid power quality? Contractual and Regulatory Who will invest the initial capital? Who will buy the expensive solar power? Who will sign the contracts? Involvement of each party? What kind of terms and conditions should the contract have? What will be the contractual and regulatory framework of the programme? Implementation: How many MW should be installed? What will be the procedure of implementation? Implementing agency? How will the quality and standards of project be ensured? Feedback? How will power theft be avoided?

11. Gandhinagar PV Rooftop Potential Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 6

12. Technical System Overview Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 7 Photovoltaic Panel (Approx. 1 - 5kWP) Grid-tied inverter Meter 2: Solar Electricity Generation Meter 1: Conventional Electricity Consumption Transformer Grid

13. Technical Advantages Very simple to install, operate and maintain. Most popular and globally accepted configuration. Disadvantage: No availability when grid is down. Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 8 Photovoltaic Panel (Approx. 1 - 5kWP) Grid-tied inverter Meter 2: Solar Electricity Generation Meter 1: Conventional Electricity Consumption Transformer Grid

14. Technical Implications How is this programme different than typical “renewable energy” PPAs? Answer: Management, Quality Assurance, Monitoring, etc. Quality of installation will be governed by: Selection of appropriate Standards and Warranties Selection of appropriate Project Developers (And stringent penalties for defaulters) Distributed PV system offers Technical and Economic advantages for Utility Company. Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 9 SCALE

15. Ownership Model Question: Who will: Invest, own, maintain, benefit? Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 10

16. Third-Party Ownership (or PPP) Model Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 11

17. Third-Party Ownership (or PPP) Model (2) Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 12 Challenge: Acquiring space for installations.

18. Contractual Overview Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 13 Financial Institution Government Subsidy Government Buildings Project Developer 1 Project Developer 2 75% Project Developer 3 TORRENT GUVNL Buys/ Wheels Buys Project Developer 4 Domestic Homes 25% Project Developer 5 1MW Each Total 5MW GERC Regulates

19. Components of RRA Rate of Rent: Two Options… Fixed: E.g. Rs. 500 per kW per month GBI: Rs. 3 per Unit Roof repair and maintenance A PV system can last up to 40 years, while the roof will need repairs after 10 years. Who will bear the repair cost? If the PV system is to be disconnected during repairs or other events, what shall be the protocol? Access to Roof Safety Other Liability (Breakage, responsibilities, etc.) In case of change of ownership of building? Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 14

20. Feed-In Tariffs for 16-17% IRR Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 15 Rooftop Rent (/kW/month) Rs. 15.40 (25 Yrs.) Rs. 17.50 (25 Yrs.) Rs. 500 Rs. 15 (12 Yrs.) Rs. 5 (13 Yrs.) Rs. 16.10 (25 Yrs.) Rs. 340 Rs. 15 (12 Yrs.) Rs. 5 (13 Yrs.) Rs. 100 10% i.e. Rs. 8 Cr. 0% Govt. Subsidy (%)

21. The Vision Jani: Distributed PV Generation at Gandhinagarl; 21 Oct. 2010. 16