2. Great Expectations: Statewide Water System
1878 Drainage Act- $100,000 for irrigation, drainage,
and navigation
May 14, 1901 gravity canal, Colorado flowed into the
Salton skin
Second canal, October 1904, bank of Colorado across
northern Mexico into Imperial Valley
Poured into valley, 360 million cubic feet per hour,
flooded
Southern Pacific, stanch flooding with rocks, gravel,
and clay February 10, 1907, prevented California
turning into Water World
Board of Public Works (1898), Board of Water
Commissioners(1903)
Develop water plans and programs
Tapping rivers: Owens for LA, Tuolumne for SF:
dams, reservoirs, aqueducts
Hydroelectricity- enabled each city to serve four million
residents
Damage to environment
Loss of Hetch Hetchy Valley, Tuolumne river
dammed an valley filled
LA siphoned Owens River, desiccation and
devastation of Owens Valley
3. Great Expectations: Architecture and Economy
New generation of architects, from Paris, Studios in US
survived earthquake and fire of April 1906, rebuild city
Domestic design for middle and upper class- Beaux Arts style (elegant)
University Culture, Stanford- idealized garden, implementations of Mediterranean, University of
California at Berkley- developed Beaux Arts city of learning, classical revival
City Beautiful movement, to be implemented in SF, day before earthquake, rebuilt on O'Farrell's
grid of 1847 instead
San Diego, John Nolen. As the Naples or Rio de Janeiro of N. Hemisphere
Harbor side, Italian & Spanish buildings, palms, plazas, neo Mediterranean setting of hills,
sea, and sky
1900 to 1930 creation of metropolitan California: LA, SD, Southern Cali as new American scene
Job market: building trades, oil, hotel and tourist, aviation, motion pictures, fishing, Nay and
Marine Corps, University jobs
Prosperity, new construction: Ambassador Hotel, Coliseum, Rose Bowl Stadium, Biltmore
Hotel, Central Library of LA, California Cub, and expanding university campuses
Construction of film sets in Hollywood, rise of film industry
Unify Bay Area- Oakland Bay Bridge and Golden Gate bridge
GG across GG Strait between SF and Marin County, authorize 1930, finished 1937, icon of
American civilization
Establishment of Banks, of Italy and of America
finance construction, bonds for construction projects
Farmers keep properties during Depression because of load system
4. Great Expectations: Population and Economy
White majority population
Oligarchs- older Southern California
families, enjoying first-generation
wealth
Babbits- newly arrived middle class;
corporation executives, bankers,
lawyers, doctors, real estate
developers, automobile dealers
Folks- white Anglo-Saxon
Protestants from Midwest, rural or
small town backgrounds
Mexican American population
1920 to 1930 city of LA minority
group tripled: 33,644 to 97,116
LA leading Mexican American
community in the US
Meatpacking tire manufacture,
auto assembly, manual jobs
African American Population
Started small, prosperous,
republican
As grew lost status, encountered
racial attitudes, explicit color lines
5. Making it Happen: Labor through GD, Strikes
General Strike of 1901
SF city wide strike by Teamsters Union
Formation of the Union Labor Party in San Francisco
October 1, 1910, metal trades strike, bombed
headquarters of Times
Industrial Workers of the World (IWW, Wobblies)
Romantic anarchism, Marxist socialism, distrust of big
shots, seize state and establish industrial utopia
1912 dock strike San Diego Authorities pulled
Wobblies off trains into custody, roughed up.
August 1913 Wheatland
Bench collapsed, fighting started, deputy fired
into air, gunfire broke out
IWW fled scene, impression they were
responsible
July 22, 1916 bomb set off in S during Preparedness Day
parade
April 30th 1919 criminal Syndicalism Act
Felony to advocate or promulgate violence to
change industrial ownership of effect political
changes, or belong to organization
Mexican Mutual Aid Society of Imperial Valley, May
1928
Protest wages and working conditions to President of
Mexico, who protested to Pres. of US, who sent the
state department official to investigate
6. Making it Happen: Labor through GD, CAWIU & ILA
Cannery and Agricultural Workers Industrial Union (CAWIU)
Used mimeograph machine, thousands of leaflets in different languages
and spread with automobile, widespread organization.
Authorities conducted roundups, arrests, harassments, indictments, and
trials
CAWIU strikes August 1931, November 1932, an four more in 1933
Strikers assaulted with blackjacks, night sticks, high-pressure
hoses, emplacement of Army surplus machine guns
The Cotton Strike of 1933
Largest agricultural strike
Vigilantes shot strikers killed two and injured eight, became permanent
group, The Associated Farmers of California Inc.
• Associated Farmer fan of the Red Scare
Police raided CAWIU state headquarters. Convicted 8 to prison one to
fourteen years
Released September 1937 by Third District Court of Appeal of the State of
California
International Longshoremen‟s Association (ILA)
May 1934 Largest maritime strike, joined by locals in numerous cities and
followed by over 13 unions
June 18 1934, employers claiming to president Communist take over
July 3rd strikers prevent exit of trucks, police fired into crowd, killed striker
July 5th “Bloody Thursday”- tear gas, guns, shot
strikers, clubbed, gassed, hit with projectiles
• General strike that shut down city July 15th
7. Making it Happen: Labor through GD, EPIC
End Poverty in California (EPIC) – Upton
Sinclair, production for use, not profit
Influence of Franklin D. Roosevelt‟s New Deal
old age pensions $50 per
month, reappearing as Social Security
$150 to 15-20 million Americans 60+ to
recharge stalled economy
1937 Townsend movement
Ham „n‟ Eggs for Californians campaign
booklet
$30 every Thursday to unemployed
Californians over fifty
Defeated in the election of November
1938 but supported electing Downey to
U.S. Senate
United Farm Workers- huelga, orchestrated by
Cesar Chavez
Employers take labor for granted, pay and
house workers cheaply as possible; didn‟t
end
Suggested a better way
8. War and Peace: Japanese experiencing racism
Early as 1900s Japanese immigrants scapegoat, “yellow peril,” “white California”
crusade
1905 Chronicle campaign to segregate Japanese children in public schools of SF
1908 Gentlemen‟s Agreement with Japan
Japanese not issue more passports to laborers US withdraw SF ordinance
1913 Alien Land Act- prohibited Jap immigrants from owning land in California
bill became law, extended with discussion of segregation 1920
California determinedly anti-Japanese, toxic level of racism
Immigration Act of 1924 prohibited immigration of Japanese
Poisoned relationship between nations
Attack on Pearl Harbor, December 7, 1941
Rounded up suspected Japanese aliens
Removal and relocation of Japanese
• Executive Order 9066, War Department to remove suspicious or possibly
dangerous people from military areas
• February 1942, articles calling for removal of Japanese from coast, attorney
general Warren wanted evacuation of all Japanese, many supporters
• March 1, 1942 DeWitt (head of Western Defense Command) issued Proclamation
Number One, Western half of Cali, Oregon, Washington, and southern third
Arizona; Japanese to be removed.
• March 18, Roosevelt, Executive Order 9102, Civilian War Relocation Authority
• Establish and administer relocation camps
• 110,000 Japanese behind barbed wire for next 3 years or more
9. War and Peace: War Society and Industry
SF premier military command center, pot of embarkation and supply on the Pacific
Coast
Italy surrender, POW option to join Italian Service Units
Performed non combat duty for Army
1945 Italians throughout SF with US Army uniforms with Italy patch
Camp Pendleton
Marine recruiting depot in SD, purchased for training in 1942
Strong navy and military presence in SD
Ubiquitous presence of uniformed men and women in California during the war years
Zoot Suit Riots, June 1943 between young servicemen and young Mexican Americans
Mexicans now treated as enemy with Japanese in camps
June 3rd, Sailors moves on Mexican American girls, provoked brawl with Mexican
American youths
June 4th, taxicabs drove sailors and marines through city
• Surround zoot-suiters, pull of pants, rough up, cut hair
• Press reports that zoot-suiters organizing counter attack
Naval officials put end to riot, court-martial servicemen who did not immediately
return
War brought triumphs of industrial culture
Women needed to work in ship building effort
Social sophistication: pooled transportation, day care centers, equality of women,
medical care, food service, banking, postal outlets, big band dances and
concerts
Germany and Japan surrender May 1945 brought end of War
10. War and Peace: Building Suburbia
Population growth- 1962 most populous state
in nation
During war 1.6 moved to CA, other military
training there, or gone on leave there
Population gain 53% between 1940 and
1950
Physical and social infrastructure
overwhelmed by influx: housing shortage
and overburdened highways
Disneyland, July 1955 made utopian
statement
Complex urban environments,
deliberately created, incorporated
regional and related cultural values, Small
town living, more intimate America
Probed urban future, planned and
controlled environment, paradigm for OC
Master Plan for Higher Education
Support by taxpayers, UC system vehicle
for own betterment
Conceptualized itself and a higher-
education utopia
Consolidated state college campuses into
multiple campus CSU
