1. How to cite your sources.
MLA Style Guide

2. How to cite your sources.
 Today we are going to focus on how
to cite a source within an essay.
 You need to let the reader know
where the information came from in a
paper, because often the information
your are using is not your own.
 If you do not do this it is called
plagiarism and the penalty can be
extreme.

3. How to cite your sources.
 There are 2 times that you are to cite a
source:
 1) If you take something and use it word
for word in your paper, you must place it in
quotation marks “ and “ then you must
place a reference with it. In MLA you need
to put a ( after the quote, then fill in some
valuable information about where the
quotation came from, then end with a ).

4. How to cite your sources.
 2) If you take information from a
source and put it into your owns
words – this still does not mean it is
your idea. Although you are not
directly quoting you must still
acknowledge that this is not your
work. Again in MLA you need to put
a ( after the quote, then fill in some
valuable information about where the
idea came from, then end with a ).

5. How to cite your sources.
 Each type of source you use requires you to
use a little different information in the
brackets.
 With a book with authors or editors the
name of the first author or editor of your
source will be put in brackets. In a direct
quote you would also include the page the
information came from – BUT not with a
paraphrase. WHY NOT?

6. How to cite your sources.
 Here is an example of how to cite a
source in MLA from a book with an
author or editor:
During World War II the German
army simply would not give up. “The
Germans were collapsing but the
fighting went on for months as the
Allies fought their way into Germany”
(Reynoldson, 41).

7. How to cite your sources.
 When you take that same information and
use it in your own words it is still
someone else’s idea so you need to note
that:
During World War II the German army
simply would not give up. They continued
to retreat, destroying everything as they
went. The Allies just kept pushing them
back to Germany (Reynoldson).

8. How to cite your sources.
 If there is no author or editor in a
book/manual or magazine, you use
the first few words of the article.
“Safe Kids Canada is a national injury
prevention program of The Hospital
for Sick Children, working to translate
research into best practices,…”
(Today’s Parent Turns… 113).

9. How to cite your sources.
 Sometimes you may use the authors
name in the quote, then the page number
only is needed:
As Reynoldson points out “The Germans
were collapsing but the fighting went on
for months as the Allies fought their way
into Germany” (41).
In this case, if you mention the author then
paraphrased, no reference is needed.

10. How to cite your sources.
 If you are quoting directly from a
website or database on the web – use
the author as you would with a print
source. Depending on the source you
may or may not have a page number.
If you do, provide it and if you don’t
have one, then leave it out.
 See the examples on the next slide.

11. How to cite your sources.
 “Canadians were physically and
psychologically unprepared for war in 1939 -
inadequate military preparations were
matched by a psychological reticence”
(Hillman).
In the case of on-line material you are only
to provide the first few words of whatever
will appear first in the Works Cited Sheet you
are creating. You no longer include the URL
in any of the actual information – UNLESS
your teacher says to.

12. How to cite your sources.
 “The role of the First Canadian Army
changed as well. After the first few months
of intense preparation for an expected
imminent invasion which fortunately did not
come, the troops were forced to settle
down to a long period of waiting” (The First
Canadian Army…).
 Again, everything will be a little different
based on what material you have available
to you.

13. How to cite your sources.
 No matter what you do – quoting and
paraphrasing TOO much is always
better than not doing it enough.
 Also note that your Works Cited sheet
and/or Works Consulted Sheet need
to have every sources you have used
in your paper clearly displayed in
alphabetical order.

14. How to cite your sources.
Here is what a Works Cited Sheet would
look like under today’s new MLA
rules.
Add, Paul. Life on Mars. Toronto: U of Toronto P., 2008. Print
Donut, John, and Theresa Price. The Astronomers Guide to the Universe. Ed. Chrissy McComb.
Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2009. Print.
Langmead, Brad. “Pluto”. The New Encyclopaedia Britannica. 16th Ed. 2009. Print.
Price, Theresa. “Love in the Stars”. Space. 14.3 (2006):16-19. Web. 22 Sept 2010.
Zimic, Mike. “The Man on the Moon” . YouTube. 22 Sept. 2010.