1. FACS 2930
Carmen Au

2. Content
 The W3C
 HTML
 What is That?
 HTML, What is That?
 Where Did it Come From?
 CSS
 CSS
 CSS2
 XHTML
 So What is XHTML?
 Why XHTML?
 Why XHTML cont.
 Let’s Put It all Together
 What Next?
 Credits / Sources

3. The W3C
“The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) is an
international community where Member organizations,
a full-time staff, and the public work together to develop
Web standards…”
 http://www.w3.org/Consortium/

4. What is This?
<h1>Title goes here</h1>
<h2>Sub title if wanted</h2>
<p>Text here, <a href=“url”>link here</a>, text here,
text here, <b>bold text</b>, text here, <i>italic text
here</i></p>

5. HTML, What is That?
 HyperText Markup Language
 Computer language that allows website creation.
 Product of SGML (Standard Generalized Markup
Language)
 A complex, technical specification describing markup
languages
 Allows people not familiar with SGML to publish and
exchange scientific documents
 People not in the discipline of scientific documentation
quickly realized how easy it was

6. Where Did it Come From?
•Tim Berners-Lee
• Wanted to create a way
for researchers to be able
to use the internet to
collaborate and share
information.
• Wanted a system by
which people could link
all their data together and
enable people to be able
to search by following the
links http://www.masternewmedia.org/images/ti
m_berners_lee_main.jpg

7. CSS
 Cascading Style Sheet
 Separates the coding of presentation and content
 Presentation side
 Visual changes only needed to be applied once
 Coding
 In a different document
 Each section has a head and { }s

8. CSS2
 CSS2 published by W3C in 1998.
 CSS2 adds support for other media types.
 Aural (hearing) sheet styles and bidirectional ( both
directions, LtR and RtL) text.
 New properties for tables, text, colors and positioning

9. So What is XHTML?
 XHTML
 ' X ' representing that this version of HTML is based on
XML (eXtensible Markup Language) instead of SGML.
 Created in place of HTML4
 Why?

10. Why XHTML
 HTML pages were still sloppy
 Browsers tried to accommodate, but failed
 An answer to this problem was XML
 eXtensible Markup Lanuage
 Why / How so?
 A language for creating other languages
 Can be used to design own custom markup language
 Custom mark up language contains tags that describe that
data that they contain
 A tag identifies data, it is available for other tasks

11. Why XHTML cont.
 So why XHTML and not XML?
 Not a lenient as HTML
 Many pages already coded as HTML
 W3C coded HTML as XML to create XHTML
 Features of HTML
 Uses XMLs syntax, allowing the power and flexibility of
XML
 Good foundation for CSS

12. Let’s Put It All Together
 http://dm.finearts.yorku.ca/~carmenau/presentation.htm
l

13. What’s Next?
 HTML5
 Replaced XHTML
 Created instead of XHTML2
 CSS3 is in development
 Updates are available on the W3C.

14. Credit / Sources
 http://www.xmluk.org/css-history-information.htm
 http://virtuelvis.com/archives/2005/01/css-history
 http://www.ironspider.ca/webdesign101/htmlhistory.htm
 http://www.yourhtmlsource.com/starthere/whatishtml.html
 http://www.xmluk.org/html-history-information.htm
 http://www.w3.org/
 http://www.intensivstation.ch/en/css/history/
 Castro, E. HTML, XHTML & CSS. Sixth Edition. Berkeley:
Peachpit Press, 2007.