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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
  What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
What is a dictionary? Dictionaries are used to define words; to verify spelling, syllabication, or pronunciation; to check on usage; or to determine the etymological  history of a word. To some degree, they also standardize the language based on current usage. Isn’t that a lot like an encyclopedia? Dictionaries are about words, encyclopedias are about things. Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 409) Landau (2001)
How do dictionaries differ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 409)
Defining time in dictionaries Landau (2001) Scholars should be interested to know that dictionaries may be designed with different representations of time: ,[object Object],[object Object]
Classifying dictionaries Landau (2001) Dictionaries can be classified according to linguist scholar Yakov Malkiel’s typology. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
  What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 411)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 412)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 412)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 412)
  Dictionary.com brief⋅ly [breff-lee] – adverb   1. for a short duration: He stopped over briefly in Chicago. 2. in a few words: Let me explain briefly. 3. in a brief manner; quickly or brusquely: She nodded briefly and began to speak.  Origin:  1250–1300; see BRIEF, -LY   Merriam-Webster Online Main Entry:brief·ly Pronunciation: brē-flēFunction: adverb  Date:14th century  1 a :  in a brief way < briefly  mentioned> b :  in brief <the food,  briefly , was awful>2 :  for a short time < briefly  married>
  What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
Selecting a dictionary ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 413)
Selecting an audience ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Consider this: Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 413)
Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Unabridged dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 414-415)
Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Abridged dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 417)
Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Etymological dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 416)
Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries School-level dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 418-419)
Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Foreign-language/English-language dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 419)
Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Thesauri and usage guides Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 422, 424)
Search Strategies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 413-414)
  What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
  How to use a dictionary  -  How to look up a word ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Using a Dictionary (Library.thinkquest.org) Merriam-Webster Inc. (1988)
How to use a dictionary  -  A closer look at definitions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Using a Dictionary (Library.thinkquest.org) Merriam-Webster Inc. (1988)
Main entry ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The main entry is the word that you are looking for a  definition. Some words have alternate or variant spellings. Using a Dictionary (Library.thinkquest.org) Merriam-Webster Inc. (1988)
Part of speech ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The part of speech justifies the word’s inclusion in the dictionary. Using a Dictionary (Library.thinkquest.org) Merriam-Webster Inc. (1988)
Pronunciation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Indicated by / / Shows how to pronounce the word including   variant pronunciations. Using a Dictionary (Library.thinkquest.org) Merriam-Webster Inc. (1988)
Plurals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Explains when plural changes word –  such as y to i Or when noun is irregular Using a Dictionary (Library.thinkquest.org) Merriam-Webster Inc. (1988)
Order of sense ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Numbers indicate the first known  “ sense of the word.”  This is to say number 1 was known before 2. However it does not mean that 2 was derived from 1. Using a Dictionary (Library.thinkquest.org) Merriam-Webster Inc. (1988)
Cross Reference ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cross reference provides more information such as synonyms, cognate and inflection.  Using a Dictionary (Library.thinkquest.org) Merriam-Webster Inc. (1988)
Miscellaneous ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Using a Dictionary (Library.thinkquest.org) Merriam-Webster Inc. (1988)
  What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
Recommended dictionaries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recommended dictionaries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Learn more and share online:
References Bopp, Richard E.  & Smith, Linda C. (2001).  Reference and information  services: An introduction  (3 rd  ed.). Englewood: Libraries Unlimited. Landau, Sidney I.  (2001).  Dictionaries: The art and craft of lexicography .  Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Merriam-Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary (9 th  ed.). (1988).  Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc. Random House’s unabridged dictionary (1998). New York: Random House. EZine Articles (2009).  Evaluating Dictionaries . Retrieved March 15 th , 2009 from http://ezinearticles.com Using a Dictionary (n.d.). Retrieved March 13th, 2009 from http://library.thinkquest.org/5585/dictionary.htm
Video References Concise Random House Webster’s American sign language dictionary . (2002). New York: Bantam Dell Publishing Group.   Dictionary of pseudonyms: 11,000 assumed names and their origins ,  (4th ed.).  (2004). Jefferson City, NC: McFarland & Company.   Harrap's Spanish and English business dictionary.  (2005). USA: McGraw-Hill Publishing.   Merriam-Webster’s dictionary and thesaurus . (2007). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Mass Market.
Video References Oxford dictionary of biology . (1996). New York: Oxford University Press.   Oxford rhyming dictionary . (2004). New York: Oxford University Press.   Urban Dictionary: Fularious street slang defined . (2005). Riverside, NJ: Andrews McMeel Publishing.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 

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Dictionaries: What's in a Word?

  • 1.  
  • 2.
  • 3.   What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
  • 4. What is a dictionary? Dictionaries are used to define words; to verify spelling, syllabication, or pronunciation; to check on usage; or to determine the etymological history of a word. To some degree, they also standardize the language based on current usage. Isn’t that a lot like an encyclopedia? Dictionaries are about words, encyclopedias are about things. Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 409) Landau (2001)
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 8.   What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
  • 9.
  • 10.
  • 11.
  • 12.
  • 13.
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.   Dictionary.com brief⋅ly [breff-lee] – adverb   1. for a short duration: He stopped over briefly in Chicago. 2. in a few words: Let me explain briefly. 3. in a brief manner; quickly or brusquely: She nodded briefly and began to speak. Origin: 1250–1300; see BRIEF, -LY   Merriam-Webster Online Main Entry:brief·ly Pronunciation: brē-flēFunction: adverb Date:14th century 1 a : in a brief way < briefly mentioned> b : in brief <the food, briefly , was awful>2 : for a short time < briefly married>
  • 17.   What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
  • 18.
  • 19.
  • 20. Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Unabridged dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 414-415)
  • 21. Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Abridged dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 417)
  • 22. Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Etymological dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 416)
  • 23. Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries School-level dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 418-419)
  • 24. Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Foreign-language/English-language dictionaries Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 419)
  • 25. Selecting a dictionary – Types of dictionaries Thesauri and usage guides Bopp and Smith (2001, p. 422, 424)
  • 26.
  • 27.   What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 30.
  • 31.
  • 32.
  • 33.
  • 34.
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37.   What is a dictionary? Evaluating dictionaries Selecting dictionaries Using dictionaries Recommended dictionaries
  • 38.
  • 39.
  • 40. Learn more and share online:
  • 41. References Bopp, Richard E. & Smith, Linda C. (2001). Reference and information services: An introduction (3 rd ed.). Englewood: Libraries Unlimited. Landau, Sidney I.  (2001). Dictionaries: The art and craft of lexicography . Cambridge, United Kingdom: Cambridge University Press. Merriam-Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary (9 th ed.). (1988). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Inc. Random House’s unabridged dictionary (1998). New York: Random House. EZine Articles (2009). Evaluating Dictionaries . Retrieved March 15 th , 2009 from http://ezinearticles.com Using a Dictionary (n.d.). Retrieved March 13th, 2009 from http://library.thinkquest.org/5585/dictionary.htm
  • 42. Video References Concise Random House Webster’s American sign language dictionary . (2002). New York: Bantam Dell Publishing Group.   Dictionary of pseudonyms: 11,000 assumed names and their origins , (4th ed.). (2004). Jefferson City, NC: McFarland & Company.   Harrap's Spanish and English business dictionary. (2005). USA: McGraw-Hill Publishing.   Merriam-Webster’s dictionary and thesaurus . (2007). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster Mass Market.
  • 43. Video References Oxford dictionary of biology . (1996). New York: Oxford University Press.   Oxford rhyming dictionary . (2004). New York: Oxford University Press.   Urban Dictionary: Fularious street slang defined . (2005). Riverside, NJ: Andrews McMeel Publishing.
  • 44.
  • 45.