Passive House seminar for ASHRAE engineers. General introduction to the concept and systems in a Passive House building in Minnesota.

1. Passive House
Tim Eian, Dipl.-Ing.
Certified Passive House Planner & Consultant
2018 SPRING SEMINAR
“Extending our Community"

2. Building Performance, Measured Results
High performance architecture
Stephan
Tanner
Tim
Eian

3. 3
“Passivhaus” - Passive House
“A rigorous, voluntary building energy standard
focusing on highest energy efficiency and quality of life
at low operating cost.”

4. 4
Passive House in 90 Seconds
Video: Hans-Jörn Eich

5. Think globally, build locally.
Global Standard

6. 6
Since 1991

7. 7
Climate Zone Specific
Heating climate 1 Arctic
2 Cold
3 Cool-temperate
4 Warm-temperate
5 Warm
Cooling climate 6 Hot
7 Very hot

8. 8
Climate Zone Targets

9. 9
Basic Concept
‣Conservation first
‣Minimize losses
‣Maximize (free) gains

10. Passive: 4.75 kBtu/(sf yr)Active: 25-125 kBtu/(sf yr)
85 - 450 kWh/(m2 a), typically found in the U.S. 15kWh/(m2 a), maximum target
Source: Krapmeier & Drössler 2001
10
Active versus Passive

11. Third-Party Certified

12. 12
Tool for Sustainable Design

13. 13
Metrics
Energy per Square Foot and Year
Gas mileage for buildings.

14. 14
Heating/ Cooling Energy Targets
≤ 4.75 kBtu/(sf yr)
≤ 15kWh/(m2 a)
≤ 7.9 kBtu/(sf yr)
≤ 25kWh/(m2 a)
≤ 9.5 kBtu/(sf yr)
≤ 30kWh/(m2 a)
New Construction
Retrofit
Entry Level

15. 15
Alternative Target for Heating/ Cooling Load
≤ 3.17 Btu/(h sf)
≤ 10W/m2

16. 16
Airtightness Target
≤0.6 ACH50
Measured with a blower door in the field.
≤1.0 ACH50

17. 17
Source Energy Targets
≤ 38 kBtu/(sf yr)
≤ 120kWh/(m2 a)
varies
≤ 120 kWh/(m2 a) + ((QH - 15 kWh/(m2 a)) * 1.2)

18. 18
Component Targets
‣ Maximum U-values
‣ Minimum R-values
‣ SHGC requirements
‣ Minimum heat-recovery rates
EnerPHit offers a Component Track.

19. 19
Energy Modeling

20. 20
Climate-based
PHPP, Climate PHPP_V9.6a_EN_Empty.xlsx
-
Climate data
Passive House with PHPP Version 9.6a
/ Climate: Minneapolis / TFA: 0 m² / Freq. overheating: % / PER: kWh/(m²a)
Data for heating Data from monthly balance
Selection of climate data Result overview Annual method Heating Cooling
Country: US-United States of America Annual heating demand kWh/(m²a) Heating / cooling period 198 0 0 d/a
Region: Minnesota Heating load W/m² Heating / cooling degree hours 101 kKh/a
1-Sortierung: Alphabetisch Frequency of overheating % Radiation North 112 0 0 kWh/(m²a)
Climate data set: US0040a-Minneapolis Sensible cooling kWh/(m²a) Radiation East 336 0 0 kWh/(m²a)
Climate zone: 2: Cold Latent cooling kWh/(m²a) Radiation South 704 0 0 kWh/(m²a)
Cooling load - W/m² Radiation West 333 0 0 kWh/(m²a)
Altitude PER demand kWh/(m²a) Horizontal radiation 501 0 0 kWh/(m²a)
Weather station: 276.0 m
Building location: 50 m
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Heating load Cooling load PER
Days 31 28 31 30 31 30 31 31 30 31 30 31 Weather 1 Weather 2 Weather 1 Weather 2 factors
US0040a-Minneapolis Latitude ° 45.0 Longitude ° -93.3 Altitude [m] 276 Daily temperature swing Summer [K] 11.1 Radiation: [W/m²] Radiation: [W/m²]
° C Exterior temperature -10.1 -6.7 0.4 9.1 15.9 21.2 24.1 22.4 16.9 10.6 1.8 -6.7 -24.4 -20.9 32.4 32.4 1.20 Household electricity
kWh/(m²month) Radiation North 12 16 25 31 44 49 47 38 27 19 13 10 25 20 100 100 1.20 Domestic hot water
kWh/(m²month) Radiation East 42 50 76 87 102 106 110 96 77 56 35 33 40 25 200 200 1.70 Heating
kWh/(m²month) Radiation South 121 122 125 105 98 88 99 109 114 116 91 99 70 40 200 200 1.25 Cooling
kWh/(m²month) Radiation West 40 51 76 86 105 105 113 103 77 58 35 30 45 30 200 200 1.50 Dehumidification
kWh/(m²month) Horizontal radiation 55 76 116 141 177 187 196 167 122 86 51 42 50 35 350 350
° C Dew point temperature -15.6 -12.6 -6.4 -0.2 6.4 12.5 15.5 14.5 9.8 3.2 -4.1 -11.8 18.5 18.5
° C Sky temperature -39.1 -29.8 -17.7 -5.9 2.9 10.1 13.3 11.6 4.5 -6.9 -18.9 -33.1 16.4 18.5
° C Ground temperature -10.1 -6.7 0.4 9.1 15.9 21.2 24.1 22.4 16.9 10.6 1.8 -6.7 -10.1 -10.1 24.1 24.1
Comment: Source: Meteonorm
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
50
100
150
200
250
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
kWh/(m²month)
Radiation North
Radiation East
Radiation South
Radiation West
Horizontal radiation
Exterior temperature
Dew point temperature
°C
Map
© 2016 Google, INEGI, ORION-ME

21. 21
Main Modeling Output Parameters
primary energy target
incl. assumptions on
occupant choices
reflects performance
of the building
• Space heating & heating load
• Cooling (latent + sensible) & cooling load
OR risk of overheating
• Hot water heating
• Electricity:
Lighting, appliances, plug loads etc.

22. 22
The PHPP is a Design Tool

23. 23
Building Optimization with the PHPP
© PHI

24. 24
The 5 Passive House Principles

25. Continuous High R-
Value Insulation

32. 32

33. Passive House
Windows And Doors

38. ALKATOUT RESIDENCE
TYPICAL WINDOW JAMB
Date printed: 1/24/13
NOTE: VERIFY DIMENSIONS, OBSERVE MANF. INSTRUCTIONS
TE STUDIO, LTD.
212 2ND ST. SE #222
MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55414
612-246-4670
4"
ROUGH OPENING
AIRTIGHT CONNECTION
SEAL GAP WITH LOW EXPANSION FOAM
FROM EXTERIOR
SCHEDULED TRIM
WRB CONNECTION
TAPE WBR TO WINDOW FRAME WITH SIGA
WIGLUV
CONTINUOUS INSULATION
EPS INSULATION BLOCK, GLUE INTO
PLACE
WRB CONNECTION
CAULK JAMB TO WINDOW, MATCH COLOR
OF TRIM
WINDOW SET POINT
AIRTIGHT CONNECTION
TAPE WINDOW FRAME TO WINDOW BUCK
WITH TAPE PER MANF.
EXTENSION JAMB, SITE
AIRTIGHTNESS
TAPE SHEATHING TO
WINDOW BUCK WITH
SIGA WIGLUV TAPE
3/4" PLYWOOD BUCK
ALUMINUM SILL PAN BELOW
WOOD WINDOW SILL BELOW
2 2
2 6
2
2
INSIDE
OUTSIDE
OPTIWIN ALU2WOOD WINDOW
5/4X6 EXTERIOR TRIM, TYP.
SCALE: 3" = 1'-0"
Proper installation starts with a detailed design

39. Understanding
specifications

40. Passive Solar Heat Gains

41. Covers over 50% of the heat demand.

42. Solar Facade

46. “Power is nothing without control”
Windows = Heaters

47. Shading

55. Balanced Heat-
RecoveryVentilation

56. 56
Residential

62. 62
Commercial

63. 63
Centralized

64. 64

65. 65
Decentralized

66. 66

67. 67

68. Continuous
Airtightness

69. 11" EIFS 11" ICF
INSULATED DUCT O.D. 180MM (LUEFTA)
2" ARMAFLEX PIPE INSULATION
TAPE ICF TO DUCT,
AIR-TIGHT CONNECTION
SEALANT JOINT
SCHEDULED WALL FINISH
FILL GAPS WITH EXPANSION FOAM
BRING INSULATION
TIGHT TO PIPE
STO GUARD
WET FLASHING SYSTEM
12" PE PIPE, SLEEVE
CUT BACK FINISH
AND CAULK
COMPRESSION TAPE
INTERIOREXTERIOR
REFERENCE DETAILS:
- STO W 260
NOTE:
- USE ONLY STO CERTIFIED SEALANT
- COLOR MATCH CAULK TO FACADE COLOR
SUGGESTED INSTALLATION:
1) INSTALL PIPE
2) INSTALL COMPRESSION TAPE
3) INSULATE TIGHT TO PIPE AND COMPRESS TAPE
4) INSTALL FINISH SYSTEM
Airtightness starts with the design.

70. Once designed, airtightness is easily managed on site.

76. 76

81. Thermal Bridge Free
Design

82. Understanding thermal bridges

83. Thermal bridge-free by design

84. 84
Thermal Bridge Target
Ψ ≤ 0.01 W/(mK)

85. Internal Heat Gains

86. Image Source: Sony Pictures
Covers a minimum of 10% of the heat demand.

87. Heating, Cooling &
Dehumidification

88. 88
Heat Flow Comparison
kWh/(m2yr)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Passive House Building
Exterior Wall
Roof
Slab/ BSMT Ceiling
Windows/ Doors
Thermal Bridging
Ventilation/ Infiltration
Solar Gains
Internal Gains
Active Heat
kWh/(m2yr)
0
50
100
150
200
250
Base Building
‣ Heat Load is reduced by 95%

89. 89
Heat Loss ComparisonkBtu/(sfyr)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
Base Building Passive House Building
Exterior Wall
Roof
Slab/ BSMT Ceiling
Windows/ Doors
Thermal Bridging
Ventilation/ Infiltration
➡ LEED causes building to
be over-ventilated!
➡ Major thermal bridges
➡ Poor R-values
➡ Poor components
‣ Heat Loss is reduced by 72%

90. 90
Heat/ Cooling Loads in MN Projects
Heat Loads: 3 - 6 Btu/(h sf)
Cooling Loads:1.5 - 6 Btu/(h sf)

91. 91
Simple Systems
DN UP
5
1.3
1.4
1.21.1
REF
DNUP
CLO
POWDER
T
TLIV/DIN/KI

92. 92
Residential Heat Pump Systems

96. 96
Commercial Heat Pump Systems
Image Source: LG

97. 97
Small Loads and VRF

98. 98
No Waste Heat

99. Building Science

100. MIN.3'-0"
1'-6"
2" 9" 11 1/4" 4 3/4" 1"
2"
EARTHEN PLASTER, TYP.
NUDURA ICF (2-5/8" XPS—6" CONC—2-5/8" XPS),
THICKNESS OF CONCRETE LAYER PER
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
RESILIENT CHANNEL
5/8" WALL BOARD, TYP.
1/2" WALL BOARD, TYP.
COMPACTED SOIL
UNDISTURBED NATIVE SOIL
5-1/2" DENSE-PACK CELLULOSE INSULATION,
2X6 FRAMING @ 16" O.C. OR ADVANCED
STICK FRAMING
STO GUARD: AIR TIGHT, DIFFUSION OPEN
5/8" T&G OSB SHEATHING
5/8" OSB, AIR BARRIER, VAPOR RETARDER
3/4" FURR FRAMING (INSTALLATION)
5/8" WALL BOARD
14" I-JOIST @ 24" O.C.
VENTILATION SPACE
TAPERED FURR FRAMING
60 MIL REINFORCED EPDM MEMBRANE
WITH STRIPPED-IN SEAMS
PEDESTAL PAVER SYSTEM
SLOPE 1/8" PER 1'-0"
5-1/2" DENSE-PACK CELLULOSE INSULATION,
2X6 FRAMING @ 16" O.C., OR ADVANCED
STICK FRAMING
GEO-TEXTILE
FABRIC
DE, MIN. 1/4" PER 1' SLOPE
STO 1.0 / FINE (EIFS)
12" XPS INSULATION, DOW SQUARE EDGE, COMPRESSION
STRENGTH PER STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
11" EPS (EIFS)
POLY URETHANE GLUE CONNECTION
20 MIL POLY, SEAL JOINTS
SCHEDULED 1/4" SELF-LEVELING COMPOUND
WITH ELECTRIC IN-FLOOR HEATING MATS
PER MECH. PLAN
SCHEDULED FLOORING
3-1/8" INSULATED RIM
3-1/2" RECYCLED COTTON FIBER INSULATION
FOAM-PLUG @ SILL PLATE
3-1/2" RECYCLED COTTON FIBER INSULATION
(SOUND ATTENUATION)
SCHEDULED BASE
4" CONCRETE SLAB (EXPOSED WHERE SCHEDULED)
RESILIENT CHANNEL
5/8" WALL BOARD
3-1/8" INSULATED RIM, R-11
3-1/2" RECYCLED COTTON FIBER INSULATION
3-1/2" RECYCLED COTTON FIBER INSULATION
(SOUND ATTENUATION)
3/4 PLYWOOD SUBFLOOR
SCHEDULED 1/4" SELF-LEVELING COMPOUND
WITH ELECTRIC IN-FLOOR HEATING MATS PER MECH. PLAN
SCHEDULED FLOORING
SCHEDULED BASE
3/4 PLYWOOD SUBFLOOR
SCHEDULED 1/4" SELF-LEVELING COMPOUND
WITH ELECTRIC IN-FLOOR HEATING MATS PER MECH. PLAN
SCHEDULED FLOORING
SCHEDULED BASE
AIR-TIGHT SEAL AT SILL
STO FLEXYL BELOW-GRADE WATER PROOFING
GRAVEL BACKFILL
DRAIN TILE, DRAIN TO DAYLIGHT
STEEL LANDSCAPE
EDGING
11-7/8" I-JOIST @ 24" O.C.
DENSE-PACK CELLULOSE
INSULATION
3/4" PLYWOOD DECK @
1/4" PER 1'-0" SLOPE
2" XPS WITH DRAINAGE CHANNEL
FABRIC PROTECTION MAT
FLAT ROOF FLASHING
2" EPS INSULATION (EIFS)
CONTINUOUS VENTILATION SPACE,
2X8 @ 24" O.C.
5/8" PLYWOOD SHEATHING
WIND WASH BARRIER (EIFS)
FLASHING
VENTILATION SLOTS
UNDER FLASHING
CONSTRUCTION LINE - OUTSIDE FACE OF ICF
STO 1.0 / FINE (EIFS)
2X10 @ 24" O.C. FURR FRAMING,
INSULATE CAVITIES TIGHTLY
1" EPS INSULATION (EIFS)
3-1/8" INSULATED RIM
STO GUARD,
AIR TIGHT, DIFFUSION OPEN
2" XPS INSULATION @ FOOTING, SEAL JOINTS
1/2" EXPANSION JOINT PER STO,
INSULATE CAVITY
STO FINISH COAT
11-7/8" I-JOIST
11-7/8" I-JOIST
DRAINAGE PLANE?
2"
MIN.3'-0"
2" 9" 11 1/4" 4 3/4" 1"
1'-6"
EARTHEN PLASTER, TYP.
NUDURA ICF (2-5/8" XPS—6" CONC—2-5/8" XPS),
THICKNESS OF CONCRETE LAYER PER
STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
RESILIENT CHANNEL
5/8" WALL BOARD, TYP.
1/2" WALL BOARD, TYP.
COMPACTED SOIL
UNDISTURBED NATIVE SOIL
5-1/2" DENSE-PACK CELLULOSE INSULATION,
2X6 FRAMING @ 16" O.C. OR ADVANCED
STICK FRAMING
STO GUARD: AIR TIGHT, DIFFUSION OPEN
5/8" T&G OSB SHEATHING
5/8" OSB, AIR BARRIER, VAPOR RETARDER
3/4" FURR FRAMING (INSTALLATION)
5/8" WALL BOARD
14" I-JOIST @ 24" O.C.
VENTILATION SPACE
TAPERED FURR FRAMING
60 MIL REINFORCED EPDM MEMBRANE
WITH STRIPPED-IN SEAMS
PEDESTAL PAVER SYSTEM
SLOPE 1/8" PER 1'-0"
5-1/2" DENSE-PACK CELLULOSE INSULATION,
2X6 FRAMING @ 16" O.C., OR ADVANCED
STICK FRAMING
GEO-TEXTILE
FABRIC
GRADE, MIN. 1/4" PER 1' SLOPE
STO 1.0 / FINE (EIFS)
12" XPS INSULATION, DOW SQUARE EDGE, COMPRESSION
STRENGTH PER STRUCTURAL ENGINEER
11" EPS (EIFS)
POLY URETHANE GLUE CONNECTION
20 MIL POLY, SEAL JOINTS
SCHEDULED 1/4" SELF-LEVELING COMPOUND
WITH ELECTRIC IN-FLOOR HEATING MATS
PER MECH. PLAN
SCHEDULED FLOORING
3-1/8" INSULATED RIM
3-1/2" RECYCLED COTTON FIBER INSULATION
FOAM-PLUG @ SILL PLATE
3-1/2" RECYCLED COTTON FIBER INSULATION
(SOUND ATTENUATION)
SCHEDULED BASE
4" CONCRETE SLAB (EXPOSED WHERE SCHEDULED)
RESILIENT CHANNEL
5/8" WALL BOARD
3-1/8" INSULATED RIM, R-11
3-1/2" RECYCLED COTTON FIBER INSULATION
3-1/2" RECYCLED COTTON FIBER INSULATION
(SOUND ATTENUATION)
3/4 PLYWOOD SUBFLOOR
SCHEDULED 1/4" SELF-LEVELING COMPOUND
WITH ELECTRIC IN-FLOOR HEATING MATS PER MECH. PLAN
SCHEDULED FLOORING
SCHEDULED BASE
3/4 PLYWOOD SUBFLOOR
SCHEDULED 1/4" SELF-LEVELING COMPOUND
WITH ELECTRIC IN-FLOOR HEATING MATS PER MECH. PLAN
SCHEDULED FLOORING
SCHEDULED BASE
AIR-TIGHT SEAL AT SILL
STO FLEXYL BELOW-GRADE WATER PROOFING
GRAVEL BACKFILL
DRAIN TILE, DRAIN TO DAYLIGHT
STEEL LANDSCAPE
EDGING
11-7/8" I-JOIST @ 24" O.C.
DENSE-PACK CELLULOSE
INSULATION
3/4" PLYWOOD DECK @
1/4" PER 1'-0" SLOPE
2" XPS WITH DRAINAGE CHANNEL
FABRIC PROTECTION MAT
FLAT ROOF FLASHING
2" EPS INSULATION (EIFS)
CONTINUOUS VENTILATION SPACE,
2X8 @ 24" O.C.
5/8" PLYWOOD SHEATHING
WIND WASH BARRIER (EIFS)
FLASHING
VENTILATION SLOTS
UNDER FLASHING
CONSTRUCTION LINE - OUTSIDE FACE OF ICF
STO 1.0 / FINE (EIFS)
2X10 @ 24" O.C. FURR FRAMING,
INSULATE CAVITIES TIGHTLY
1" EPS INSULATION (EIFS)
3-1/8" INSULATED RIM
STO GUARD,
AIR TIGHT, DIFFUSION OPEN
2" XPS INSULATION @ FOOTING, SEAL JOINTS
1/2" EXPANSION JOINT PER STO,
INSULATE CAVITY
STO FINISH COAT
11-7/8" I-JOIST
11-7/8" I-JOIST
DRAINAGE PLANE?
WuFi Analysis

101. 0.000#
500.000#
1000.000#
1500.000#
2000.000#
2500.000#
'1# 0# 1# 2# 3# 4# 5#
water&vapor&pressure&in&pa&
sd&in&m&
"Glaser&Diagram"&Winter&
p_s(T)#
p_(x)#
Glaser Diagram
0"
1000"
2000"
3000"
4000"
5000"
6000"
)1" 0" 1" 2" 3" 4" 5"
water&vapor&pressure&in&pa&
sd&in&m&
"Glaser&Diagram"&Summer&
p_s(T)"
p_(x)"

102. Efficient Appliances
and Equipment

103. 103
Energy Consumption Comparison
kBtu/(sfyr)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Base Building Passive House Building
Heating
Cooling
Domestic Hot Water
Plug and Appliances
Lighting
Auxiliary Electricity
‣ Energy Consumption is reduced by 62%

104. 104
Energy Flow Comparison
Base Building
9%
3%
10%
12%
2% 65%
Passive House Building
8%
8%
26%
34%
12%
13%
Heating
Cooling
Domestic Hot Water
Plug and Appliances
Lighting
Auxiliary Electricity
➡ Focus on plug loads and domestic hot water➡ Focus on heating load

105. Source: Ecodrain Source: Sun Frost
Source: Lighting Ever

106. Monitoring

109. Renewable Energy
Systems & Emissions

110. 110
Carbon Emissions Comparison
kg/(m2yr)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Passive House Building
Heating
Cooling
Domestic Hot Water
Plug and Appliances
Lighting
Auxiliary Electricity
kg/(m2yr)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
Base Building
‣ Carbon Emissions are
reduced by 56% without
the use of renewables!

111. 111
Fuel responsibly for Carbon-neutral operation

112. 112
Adding Renewables

113. Key Benefits

114. 114
Passive House Paradigm Shift
>

115. 115
Highest Comfort

116. 116
Superior Indoor Environmental Quality

117. 117
Resource Efficiency
Image Source: dreamstime.com

118. 118
Cheapest Life Cycle Cost
Image Source: dreamstime.com

119. 119
Climate Action

120. 120
Resources
passivehouseminnesota.org
naphnetwork.org
passivehouse-international.org
passivehouse.com
passipedia.org

121. 121
Worldwide training and network of
accredited course providers
Worldwide certification system
for building professionals
Course material / e-learning modules
in different languages
Training and Education
naphnetwork.org

122. Thank You!
testudio.com intep.com passivehouseminnesota.org