3. Valuation Techniques
Asset Based * Ratio(s) of Profits
*Cash flow based * Payback
Periods * ROI *Buyers Valuation
* Benchmark
All Estimating What a willing
buyer will pay to a willing seller
It is an art, not a science
4. Asset based
Value of net assets
Adjust for depreciation methods?
As above, + good will element
Market Value of net assets
Strip out cash & property
5. Profit Based
Typically P/E ratios
Value of the company
Post tax profits of the company
6. P/E Ratios
Find an equivalent public
company’s P/E Ratio
Discount that ratio for the lack of
liquidity in the market in private
companies
Apply to adjusted post tax profits
Over different periods
7. Cash Flow based
Multiples of EBITDA
Earnings before interest tax depreciation and
amortization
DCF and / or NPV calculations
Based upon forecast cashflows
8. Payback Periods
Number of years to recoup
investment
Usually between 3 and 5 years
Factors include costs of
integration and savings from
consolidation.
9. Return on Investment
ROI based upon forecast post tax profits
Enables easy comparison to alternative
investments
Different rates of return for different buyers
Rate of return is set by reference to cost of
capital
10. Buyers Valuation
Looks at the increased value of the
combined businesses
Will consider cost of capital, but also
earnings dilution (especially
important in public companies)
Estimating costs of integration but
also synergistic benefits
11. Industry Benchmarks
Often a very simple calculation
Widely known in the industry – so
almost self-fulfilling
Examples might be n x turnover or
n x contracted revenue or £x per
subscriber….
15. What could acquiring your client’s
business do for the acquirer?
Ansoff
New Market
Diversificatio
penetration n
Markets
Current Market Product
extension developmen
t
Existing New
Products
16. It is a numbers game
Past profits are a guide to help
estimate future performance
Adjustments, add-backs and
fudges reduce the credibility of the
accounts
17. Value Drainers
Risk of under performance
Risk of liability issues
Greater risk equates to lower overall
value
Greater risk drives pay by performance
18. Value Drainers
Risk of under performance
Risk of liability issues
Greater risk equates to lower overall
value
Greater risk drives pay by performance
Illustration for each quad: Tesco & T&S Stores (success) GM & EDS Diversification Cisco has completed 108 acquistions – most recently a provider of set top boxes, following on from Linksys acquisition which took them into the consumer market. (Product Development) Morrisons & Safeway