University of Ulster Masters in Innovation Management - Presentation on Information Sharing, Integration and Interoperability - Tim Willoughby

1. Information
Sharing,
Integration and
Interoperability

2. Our world is Changing…

5. Back to the Future?

6. We are now in the future….

7. Internet of (SCARY) Things…

8. every minute last year the world’s
internet users
• three billion of us –
• sent 204 million emails,
• uploaded 72 hours of YouTube video,
• undertook 4 million Google searches,
• shared 2.46 million pieces of Facebook content,
• published 277,000 tweets,
• posted 216,000 new photos on Instagram
• $83,000 on Amazon

9. • Explosion of options and content
producers. The democratization of
content. YouTube 2B views a day.
• Web Services and APP growth.
• New Methods and Tools have
democratised technology
• National Broadband Plan - a level playing
pitch
• No line between the data center and the
cloud?
• Every business is now a technology
business…
.
9
The Pace of Technology is Dizzying

10. The World is changing -
exponentially
• Over 1000 tweets/second
• Over 1Billion per month using Facebook
• Over 50 Billion Google Searches / Month
• The Top 10 Jobs of 2010 didn’t exist in 2004
• More Data this year generated than in previous 5000… and
every subsequent year
Boeing – Prints all complex components
US Army – Ships designs
for printing – rather than
parts

11. Why go.. I could do this from home?

13. The World has changed…

14. Can I help you with my new Technology?

15. We live in a
Selfie
Generation

19. Nappy Notifier….

22. GDPR
 New standard for data
protection and
privacy for the EU
member state –
replacing the previous
Safe Harbor
agreement (between
the US and EU).
Covers any company
doing business in the
EU or with an EU
citizen.
What When Impact
 Goes into “full” force
on May 25, 2018.
Different member
states may add some
variations or
additional
requirements.
 Enforcement is backed by substantial fines, some
based on 2%-4% of corporate revenue in EU.
 Allows EU citizens to challenge companies and shift
burden onto the service providing company for
proof/response to privacy and security.
 Affects a range of technology systems including data
storage and collection, data encryption, and
frameworks for privacy processes (through policy and
privacy specialists).
 Still unclear with Britain leaving the EU – but most
likely following GDPR will still be more stringent than
any local guidelines.

23. GDPR
• GOAL: One single law for the EU
• Previous Directive of 1995 and national laws to be repealed
• Member scope needs enabling legislation (with some ability to vary)
• Interpreted nationally by “supervisory authorities”
• Consistency brought by a European Data Protection Board (EDPB)
• Applicability now extra territorial
• Based on “residency of individuals in EU”
• Offering goods or services
• Monitoring of behavior (such as internet tracking and profiling)
• Where the organization is processing personal data
• Data that relates to an individual who can be identified from it (or other data
you have)
• Regardless of format (digital, paper, audio, video etc)
• Doesn’t have to be names (ID by picture, IP addresses, devices IDs, Cookies etc)

25. OMG - PIA
• Privacy Impact Assessment a.k.a. Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA)
• Systematic assessment of a project that identifies the impact that the project might have
on the privacy of individuals, and sets out recommendations for managing, minimizing or
eliminating that impact.
• Plays an important role in the overall risk management and planning processes of a
company
• PIAs can assist businesses with:
• Describing how personal information flows in a project
• Analysing the possible impacts on individuals’ privacy
• Identifying and recommending options for avoiding, minimizing or mitigating negative
privacy impacts
• Building privacy considerations into the design of a project
• Achieving the project’s goals while minimizing the negative and enhancing the positive
privacy impacts.

26. • Benefits of PIAs:
• demonstrating that a project is compliant with privacy laws
• reducing future costs in management time, legal expenses and potential negative publicity
by considering privacy issues early in a project
• identifying strategies to achieve the project’s goals without impacting on privacy
• promoting awareness and understanding of privacy issues inside the organisation or
agency
• contributing to broader organisational or agency risk management processes.
• Risks of not undertaking a PIA include:
• non-compliance with the letter or the spirit of relevant privacy laws, potentially leading to
a privacy breach and/or negative publicity
• loss of credibility by the entity through lack of transparency in response to public concern
about handling personal information
• damage to an entity’s reputation if the project fails to meet expectations about how
personal information will be protected
• identification of privacy risks at a late stage in the project development or implementation,
resulting in unnecessary costs or inadequate solutions.
• PIAs should be an integral part of the project planning process, not an
afterthought

27. When to use PIA
• Implementing a new system in your organization;
• Launching a new product or service;
• Providing new third party provider with access to PI;
• Conversion Of records from paper-based to electronic form;
• Conversion of information from anonymous to identifiable form;
• System management changes involving significant new uses and/or
application of new technologies;
• Significant merging, matching or other manipulation of multiple databases
containing personal data;
• Incorporation into existing databases of personal data obtained from
cormmercial or public sources;
• Alteration of a business process resulting in significant new collection, use
and/or disclosure of personal data

28. NDA Material, Confidential and Proprietary
My Cloud Provider Says I Am
Protected…
Microsoft, Amazon, and others have issued statements that their customers are protected
and compliant already via their use of “model” contracts and other legal mechanisms.
Bottom line: Regardless of who is hosting your data, YOU are responsible for it. Be proactive and not
rely on the provider or specific technology to protect your data.
However….
1 2 3 4
And if provider fails – YOU are still
responsible for data breach
disclosure and remediation impact
for your customers.
ONLY workloads and data
that resides on that provider
can be considered as
“provider” scope (private
data centers, backup/DR
sites, QA copies, etc.. are
still your issue).
YOU are still responsible for
the administrative actions of
systems on that network.
YOU are still responsible for
the data, even if the provider
is compliant.

29. NIS Executive Summary
EU network and
information
security (NIS)
directive sets
common cyber-
security standards
and aims to step up
cooperation among
EU countries and
service providers.
What When Impact
EU member states
have 21 months
comply and then 6
months to identify
critical
infrastructure
operators (May
2018)
Lays out specific technical guidance on
“critical” infrastructure entities including
energy, banking, healthcare, transport sector
organizations that are vital to the EU member
state government
Increased transparency and information
sharing – requiring faster analysis and
reporting by affected organizations
“Critical infrastructure” identified operators
will have a higher cyber security standard and
be specifically responsible for prevention of
risks and incident response

30. The Rise of Ethics
• Automation
• Split Second Decisions
• Value Systems
• Robots
• CEO – Chief Ethics
Officers
• Ethic Designers
• Ethics Police…
• Authentication
• Finger Print, Retina
Scan, Voice Print, Blood
Sample, etc
• Who Owns the Single
Source of ID
• Will banks, Insurance,
Government, etc..
Share, Open API?

31. What do these companies have in
common..

32. Change is a Journey – not a
destination

33. Local Government Management Agency
• Shared Services to the Local Government Sector in Ireland
• Procurement
• ICT
• HR and IR
• Business Technical support and shared services –
Finance, Payroll, Planning, Housing, Libraries etc
• Shared service bureaus
• Office for Local Authority Management (OLAM)
33

34. The Irish Context
• Effect on Local Government
• 30k less in the public sector / 3.4bn in payroll savings…
• DPER / OGCIO (CMOD)
• Staffing – (Employment Control Frameworks (ECF) / Haddington Road) 28% reduction
• Budgets / 25% reduction in Budget (2009 – 2013)
• CIO Council / National ICT Strategy
• Reform Agenda (Programme for Government)
• Local Government reform (PPF)
PMO / LGER
• Local Government IT
• Staffing
• Maintain Skills / New Skills
• Local Budgets
• CIO Council

38. Guiding Coalition?
• CIO Council / OGCIO
• Cloud Procurement
• Gcloud?
• Government Networks?
• Office of Government Procurement
• Category Council
• PMO / LGER
• Shared Services
• Shared Technology Platforms
• Shared Delivery
• BPI
• LGMA Role
• Shared Services

39. Vision for Local Gov…
• Abolishment of Town Councils –creation of Muni Districts
• Creation of Irish Water
• Establishment of CIO
• Establishment of Office for Government Procurement
• Shared Services (PMO –Payroll, Treasury Management….. NPPR / HC)
• LG sector Saves 109m in procurement (2010 – 2012)
• Outsourcing – LPT, Drivers License, HEG
• OGCIO – Cloud and eGov Strategies
• Digital First, Digital by Birth, Digital by Default….
• New Local Gov Systems – MyPlan, FixYourStreet, NPPR, HC, POW, BCMS
• Open Source - New Models?

40. Communicated Vision?

42. Keep Pressure and Make them
Stick…
• NPPR 550m since 2009
• POW – over 450,000 property registered
• Household Charge – Now Local Property Tax
• Now added new Building Control Management
System (BCMS) and –
• At last – eplanning..

43. • Build to Share
• Digital First
• Data as an Enabler
• Improve Governance
• Increase Capability

44. My View…Digital precursor to
Smart!
Smart
Digital
eGov
Improved, Intelligent
engaging
Transformational
Efficient
Cost Savings

45. eGovernm
ent
• Online Services
• Multiple
Websites
Joined-
up
Governm
ent
• Life Events
• Back Office
reengineeri
ng
Open
Governme
nt
• Transparency,
Participation,
Collaboration
• Community
Engagement
Digital
Governme
nt
• Digital
everything
• Digital
Natives
Smart
Government
•Sustainability
•Affordability
•Inclusivity
2000
2005
2010
2014

46. Local Government Governance
Housing / Planning / Roads
Environment /Water /
Library
Community
Local Economy
Public Lighting
Franchise
Building Control / Fire / Risk
Finance / HR
Shared Business Solutions that
1. Reduces total cost of ownership
2. Provides higher stability
3. Provides increased security
4. Gives greater overall control
Integration solutions
That can be utility software used across business
units
1. Standards
2. Decision Making
3. Service Delivery
4. Knowledge Management
Business
Integration
Customer Services / Paperless Office / Field Integration
Document Management / Messaging
Data / Business Intelligence / Analytics

47. Resources
Demands
Challenge..

48. Shared Services – the future is here
• Libraries
• Cloud System / Single Interface for all
• Housing
• Stock Surveys – Handhelds –Android
• HAP – Housing Assessment Programme
• Corporate
• FixYourStreet – An OSS Application using Ushahidi (SDCC)
• Corporate CRM – Back end to FYS and more (Cork, Limerick, Meath etc etc)
• Open Office – Galway City replaced 250 desktops
• Data.localgov.ie
• WWW.LocalGov.ie – almost all Las have Drupal Website live in some area.
• MyPay
• Roads
• RMO / Road Opening Licenses / Online Roadworks Control
• Planning
• ePlanning
• BCMS
• Enforcements / Inspections
• Finance
• ePayments

49. Can we recover from

50. Short Termism
ROI
Profitability
Asset Bleeding
Ostrich
Management
Risk Averse

53. Understand What the Citizen
Wants?

54. What Government Delivers

56. Computing power, creativity and Innovation is
migrating to the edge towards the individual
globally…

58. Third Platform

59. Open Source RFI
• Open Source hasn’t happened, because, open
source hasn’t happened.
• There is no Open Source in Ireland
• We have to “do” something
• If Government creates a Demand – Supply will happen
• Donald Rumsfeld

61. Change is here

62. Challenge with Data…
• When you have
business system –
everything relates to
that…
• When you have a hammer –
everything becomes a nail…

63. 0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1
Lots of data being created
How much being used
How much is capable of being used?

64. How Much Data do you create?

65. Retailers..
• Assign each shopper a unique code - keeps
tabs on everything they buy.
• If you use a credit card or a coupon,
• or fill out a survey,
• or mail in a refund,
• or call the customer help line,
• or open an e-mail we’ve sent you
• or visit our Web site,
• we’ll record it and link it to your ID,”
• “We want to know everything we can.”
• “Cool is one click away from Creepy” (Fjord)

66. Your Demographic They Have or can get
• You
o your age,
o whether you are married, or got divorced
o and have kids, Your ethnicity,
• Where you live , the year you bought (or lost) your house, whether you’ve
moved recently,
• The number of cars you own.
• Distance to nearest Outlet,
• Worth
• Your estimated salary, if you’ve ever declared bankruptcy, Charity Giving
• What credit cards you carry in your wallet
• Education, where you went to college,
• Career - job history,
• Online -what Web sites you visit., the magazines you read, reading habits,
• The topics you talk about online,
• Likes- certain brands of coffee, cereal etc, political leanings,

67. It knows more
about you
than your
partner…
Source : Peter Cochrane

68. Data Analytics

69. LOTS OF DATA, LITTLE DECISION-READY INFORMATION
• The sector needs to turn data into intelligence
• Our reporting is cumbersome and Silo based; typically
paper-based with many versions of the truth
• Manually intensive analysis processes; ad hoc analysis
• Mainly manual processes for information gathering and
collation
• Single Geographic Queries are the norm
• Data are hidden away in
departments, databases,
applications, geographies;
impossible to coordinate
• Data latency, accuracy,
completeness issues

70. Sectoral Requirements
• Provide Sectoral Reporting,
Planning, Attendance, Spend, Procurement,
etc
• Provide foundation for data-driven decision making
• Provide management with information to make better
decisions
• Share data and experience so that we can collaborate
to monitor and manage readiness
• Technology must be easy to use for multiple
stakeholders
• Quick wins, with simple datasets, to build to longer
term benefits
• OUR BIGGEST BARRIER IS THAT WE WON’T SHARE
DATA

71. GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE
MANAGEMENT
Why?How are We
Doing?
What Should
We be Doing?
What have we
done?

72. Leveraging historical data to drive
better insight into decision-making
for the future
Reporting on silo databases for
data and create reports in
single
Geographic Silos…
Examining live systems like
traffic / CCTV / Water to
analyze what is happening
now.
Analyze data in
order to accurately
identify areas likely to
produce the most
benefits
What are we Doing?
What have we done?
What can we do?
What should we do?
STATISTICS
ANALYTICS
INFORMATION
MANAGEMENT

73. Single Platform for Decision Making
SINGLE DEFINITION OF THE
TRUTH

74. Analytics for Local Government
IDENTIFY /
FORMULATE
PROBLEM
DATA
PREPARATION
DATA
EXPLORATION
TRANSFORM
& SELECT
BUILD
MODEL
VALIDATE
MODEL
DEPLOY
MODEL
EVALUATE /
MONITOR
RESULTS
Domain Expert
Makes Decisions
Evaluates Processes and ROI
Business
Model Validation
Model Deployment
Model Monitoring
Data Preparation
IT
Data Exploration
Data Visualization
Report Creation
ANALYST
Exploratory Analysis
Descriptive Segmentation
Predictive Modeling
Data Expert
Data

75. Data Silos are everywhere; Reports are by subject area and
in geographic areas
Housing
HR
Finance
PlanningTraffic
Procurement

76. BUSINESS BENEFITS ANALYTICS
• One consistent voice
across the sector
• Reduce time and effort
to produce critical
information
• Better and faster
decisions that improve
performance and
outcomes
• Reduce the time lag
from data to decision.

77. Spend analysis can be used to identify procurement
opportunities
77

78. Planning Dashboard

83. Thinking Matters More!

84. Open Government?
“If people don’t know what you’re doing, they don’t
know what you’re doing wrong”
“Jim Hacker”
Open Government (I980)

85. Standards in Real Life -
Nuts and Bolts
• Generally
speaking, nuts
and bolts come
in standard sizes.
• If you loose a
nut, you can run
to the hardware
store and buy
another one of
the same size.

86. Standards in Real Life -
Connections
• Almost all
external
computing
devices are now
USB
• Eliminates
questions such
as “do you need
a serial or PS/2
mouse?”

87. Standards
There May be a difference in Quality, Usage, Presentation

88. Standards in Real Life -
Bottle Caps
• You get the
idea...

89. live in a society obsessed with risk!

90. Standards are Important..

91. Do Government Care about
Standards, Security and Encryption...?
CYA
Replaced with
EYA

92. Berlin Wall

93. Even Security is changing
• Used to defend the edge of the network...
• Now looking at defending the middle and trusting
the edges if they are trust-worthy... (Standards,
Testing, Quality, Measurement)

95. Data Sharing
• Barriers to Sharing
• Not Technical
• People
• Leadership
• Perceived rather than actual Issues
• Don’t see the need or Relevance to others in using or
having their data
• Loss of Control / Power

96. What is Data
Interoperability?
The ability to exchange information
between and among public bodies
cross discipline, cross jurisdiction,
cross sector.
Assumptions:
1. Exchanges would benefit one or more
agencies
2. Philosophy of “need to know” is replaced by
“responsibility to provide”

97. Potential Scenarios
Weather
Incidents
Flooding Accidents

98. Still need Common Sense

99. …Work needed: at National Level
• To co-ordinate strategic planning –
leadership?
• To align policies and monitor
implementation
• To invest in infrastructure – who pays?
• To build capacity – incentives and rewards?
• To provide high-level advocacy – funders??
Who is the leader?

100. …We have come a long way...

101. year
log(peoplepercomputer)
Mainframe
Minicomputer
Workstation
PC
Laptop
PDA
Explants & Implants in
everything & everyone?
Based on a slide by David Culler UC/Berkeley
• Platform
• Interface to humans & the world
• Networking and/or interconnect structure
Electronic/electro
-mechanical
Everything is changing – even the hardware

102. Challenges in Ireland
• Vertical institutional structures (OGCIO / OGP)
• Perverse incentives ( Number of Tenders…)
• Misuse of capital/labour substitution (Leasing as an
Option?)
• Outsourcing v. integration/reform
• Customer service strategies
• Generation Y / Facebook Generation
• Consumer Society

103. What has Cloud ever done for us?
103
Apart from Scale, Speed, Agility, Low Cost,
Enterprise Adoption, Enterprise Mapping, Open Data, Standards,
Google, API’s, etc
Open Street Maps, Map Servers,
GIS - More than just Location, Spatial Analysis and wider adoption now possible

107. Big Data goes with…
More Devices
More Access
More Apps
More Data…

109. Social has overtaken email….
Mobile Browsing has overtaken desktop…
Radical Change…

110. Remember these…

112. Heard of this???

113. The Mechanical Turk
A fake chess-playing machine constructed in the late
18th century = Fake AI

115. Every day - you come across
multiple…
• - Devices
• - applications
• - access points
• - Networks
• - Locations
• - Servers
• - Data types
• - Data caches
• - Service providers
• - Operating systems
• - Storage locations
• - Encryption / security protocols..

116. Citizen Expectation Changed?
Social
Media

117. The More data we have… the less
we (have time to) Understand it

118. Typical Individual effort
many hours, one map

119. OpenStreetMap, 2016
1m Contributors, one map

120. Our Lives are Different…
• We communicate on — Facebook, Chat, Twitter,
MMS
• We Research Information — Blogs, eNews, Wiki,
YouTube
• We Buy — eBay, Amazon, Dell, Deal Done, etc…
• We Travel - Tripadvisor, Flickr, RyanAir, Hotels,
• We Meet / Retate - Linkedln, FaceBook, Friends
• We Play – xBox, Playstation, Online games, ¡TV
• We expect the Government to fit into these
paradigms too…

121. Facts!
• “Data is a vital raw material of the information
economy, much as coal and iron ore were in
the Industrial Revolution.”
• “Mining and analyzing these big new data sets
can open the door to a new wave of
innovation, accelerating productivity and
economic growth.”
• We can exploit Internet-scale data sets to
uncover new businesses and predict consumer
behavior and market shifts.
location data sales business data social network data

122. Think…
• NY Traffic
• They have mountains of data
• More Daily
• Don’t Understand it, can’t use it
• What is the True Cost of Data Mining
• Systems, Software, Computers, Analysts, STORAGE
• Are we collecting, collating, etc the Right Data
• People being removed daily, replaced by machines
• Need to Stand Back….

123. open source / open data / cloud
the fix your street model

124. The Reality of
FixYourStreet

125. How do we measure Success?
• Usage and Apps
• Critical Mass of Companies
• Search Results (Bing and Google Interested)
• Business Committed to OD
• Laws (Prison for breaking them)
• If Open Data doesn’t cause difficulty for the
Publisher to seek excellence then it isn’t working

126. Understand what are the Driving
Forces…
• Government Focus
• Understanding, Efficiency, Accountability
• Technology Innovation Focus
• Data as a Platform, Semantic Web
• Reward Focus
• Profit, Recognition
• Digitising Government Focus
• Computerisation / Technology Drive
• Problem Solving Focus
• New Skills needed to work on new Challenge
• Social / Public Sector / Enterprise
• More Focussed Services

127. Conclusions
• Change is constant
• Cloud is the Future
• Social is a Reality
• Mobile is already taking over
• Data has to keep up…

128. References
• We live in “Flat
Land” – There is
danger in making
representations
more seductive
than the truth
• Envisioning
Information - Tufte

129. Governance
• The Minister has 5 Aces
• The Problem with a
Bridge is...

130. Never Underestimate the Irish!