1. Peaceboat Charrette
Case studies, energy-efficiency opportunities, key cost
indicators and water and electricity end-use
Hamburg, 22 April 2014

2. Ships (case studies)

3. owner Carnival Corporation
yard Financtiera
capacity 1848 passengers
engine
3x 16 cylinder + 2 x 12 cylinder Sulzer ZAV40S diesel engines (Wärtsilä) +
GELM2500 gas turinbe
propulsion 2x 17.62MW ABB Azipod
estimated cost ~$400M
HAL MS Oosterdam

4. owner Celebrity Cruises
yard MeyerWerft
capacity 2852 passengers
engine 4x Wärtsilä 16V46 diesel engine
propulsion 2x 20.5MW ABB Azipod
estimated cost ~$750M (Wikipedia)
Celebrity Eclipse

5. owner Scandlines
design FutureShip (GL company)
capacity 1500 people, 96 trucks
engine 8300kW fuel cells
2400kWh battery, to keep fuel cells at constant power output
fuel storage 140m
estimated cost n/a
Scandlines zero-emissions ferry
(to be constructed)

6. Viking Line’s Viking Grace
owner Viking Line
yard STX Finland
capacity 2800 passengers, 1275m trucks, 500m passenger cars, 880 cabins
engine dual fuel engines (HFO, diesel or LNG) (Wärtsilä)
fuel storage 2 x 200m
control system ABB EMMA
estimated cost €240M

7. Ethereal
owner n/a
yard Royal Huisman Shipyards
capacity 12 passengers + 10 crew
engine 2x ~650kW diesel engines
fuel storage 46m3 for diesel
generators 90kW, PF=0.8 + 155kW, PF=0.8
estimated cost n/a

8. Lessons learned during study of
USS Princeton

9. Retrofit opportunities aboard USS
Princeton (1/2)
• Improve motor, pump, and fan efficiency via whole-system
design.
• Use VSDs on variable loads.
• Improve duct and pipe pressure drops and entering/leaving
conditions.
• Improve power factor and understanding of its importance.
• Improve electrical power generation efficiency.
• Improve propulsion power efficiency.
• Improve pumping efficiency.

10. • Improve fan efficiency.
• Improve space cooling systems equipment and operations.
• Thermal integration, reusing “waste” heat for space heating,
refrigeration, flash evaporation for potable water, laundry,
cooking.
• Improve energy efficiency of potable water production.
• Improve lighting efficiency and quality.
• Improve air compressor efficiency.
• Upgrade systems sensors, monitoring and controls.
Retrofit opportunities aboard USS
Princeton (2/2)

11. Technologies
Limited number—other speakers will elaborate

12. Propulsion: skysails
Skysails deploys kites up to 320m2 to reduce fuel consumption of cargo ships.

13. Propulsion: flettner rotor
E-Ship1, owned by wind turbine manufacturer Enercon, uses Flettner rotors.
The cylinders are rotated by a motor (not the wind!) and create a force
perpendicular to the direction of the wind (called the Magnus effect).

14. Hull: robotic shape
Protei is an oil-cleaning sailboat with a shape-shifting hull, leading
to a lower loss when the ship’s nose turns through the wind.

15. Key cost indicators

16. type value unit
Fuel Natural Gas 700 $/ton
Energy content 55 MJ/kg
Efficiencies four-stroke 0.35
two-stroke 0.5
generator 0.9
Capital engine 828 $/kW
generator 414 $/kW
amortization period 30 years
hours of operation/year 2000 hours
Calculation 4.81 kWhe/kg fuel
fuel cost 0.15 $/kWh
capital 0.02 $/kWh
1kWh of delivered electricity 0.17 $/kWh
Delivered electricity costs

17. Potable water costs
type value unit
On-shore water Europe 4.1 $/m3
South America 25 $/m3
Flash evaporation 13.8 $/m3
Reversed osmosis 6.9 $/m3

18. Space-cooling costs
type value unit explanation
COP 3.00
System efficiency 0.33 kWhe/kWh thermal
Power requirement thermal 3.52 kW
assumption: 1 ton-hour
per hour
electric 1.17 kW
Energy requirement electric 1.17 kWh
Electricity costs 0.19 $/kWh
Capital costs all equipment 2760.00 $/kW €5M / 2500kW
other 0.00 $/kW
amortization period 15.00 years
hours of operation/year 7000.00 hours
Calculation capital costs 0.03 $/ton-hour
electricity costs 0.23 $/ton-hour
1 ton-hour of delivered cooling 0.26 $/ton-hour of cooling

19. End-use of electricity and water

20. Electricity end-use
miscellaneous motors
15%
water-heating
6%
space-heating
12%
cooking
15% electronics
10%
space-cooling
34%
lighting
10%

21. Water end-use (liter / person*day )
deck-washing
65
dish-washing
15
clothes-washing
25
bathing
125
cooking
15
drinking
5