Introduction to OER given at the Northern Rocky Mountain Education Research Association Annual Meeting in Park City, UT. Oct. 5, 2012. The first part of the deck is a remix/revision of some of David’s earlier slides. For those who’ve already seen David’s excellent intro to OER, skip to slide 37 for information on OER policy, implementation, business models, initiatives, and research.

1. Open Educational Resources
learning materials for all students
TJ Bliss
John Hilton
David Wiley
This work is licensed under a Creative
Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

2. Education Is Sharing
the technical argument

3. Teachers Share With Students
knowledge and skills
feedback and criticism
encouragement

4. Students Share With Teachers
questions
assignments
tests

5. If There Is No Sharing
there is no education

6. Successful Educators
share most completely
with the most students

7. Knowledge is Magical
can be given without being given away

8. Physical Expressions Are Not
to give a book you must give it away

9. Expressions Are Different
To give a book you must give it away

10. When Expressions Are Digital
they also become magical

12. E.g., Online Book
We can all read simultaneously

13. An Indescribable Advance
the first time in human history

14. Both Knowledge and Expressions
can be given without being given away

15. Unprecedented Capacity
we can share as never before

16. Unprecedented Capacity
we can educate as never before

17. What Does “Share” Mean?
online it means copy and distribute

18. Cost of “Copy”
For one 250 page book:
• Copy by hand - $1,000
• Copy by print on demand - $4.90
• Copy by computer - $0.00084

19. Cost of “Distribute”
For one 250 page book:
• Distribute by mail - $5.20
• Distribute by Internet - $0.00072

20. Copy and Distribute are “Free”
this changes everything

21. Educational Sharing
also means adapting or editing

22. Sense-making, Meaning-making
connecting to prior knowledge
relating to past experience
(in an appropriate language)

23. Digital Makes Editing “Free”
editing a printed book or magazine
is difficult and expensive

24. Free Copy, Distribute, Edit
we can share as never before

25. Free Copy, Distribute, Edit
we can educate as never before

26. Except We Can’t
© forbids copying, distributing, and editing

27. © Cancels the Possibilities
of digital media and the internet

28. Internet Copyright
Enables Forbids
what to do?

30. use copyright to enforce sharing

31. The 4Rs
Reuse – copy verbatim
Redistribute – share with others
Revise – adapt and edit
Remix – combine with others

33. Over 400 Million Items
using CC licenses at end of 2010

35. The “Open” in OER
free permission to do the 4Rs

36. Internet OER
Enables Allows
sharing and educating at
unprecedented scale

37. OER Policies
state, institution, district, school

39. Higher Ed. State Policies
A.B. 577 (CA) – Open Education Resource Centers
H.B. 1025 (WA) - Disclosure of course content information
H.B. 1946 (WA) - Re: sharing of instructional and other resources
H.B. 4058A (OR) – Call for study of ways to reduce textbook costs
H.B. 5201 (FL) – Promote use and distribution of OER
H.R. 1464 (US Congress) – Requires fed agencies collaborate on OER
K12 State Policies
Georgia Virtual Learning OER terms of use (GA)
H.B. 2336 (WA) – Form advisory committee on state-led OCW
H.B. 2337 (WA) – Creation of state-led OCW
H.B. 6 (TX) – Instructional Materials Allotment
L.D. 569 (ME) – Establishes clearinghouse for info on use of OER (K12)
Rule R277-111 (UT) – Educators may use CC license on materials produced (K12)
S.B. 6231 (WA) – Appropriation of textbook funds to OER development (K12)
H.B. 1941 (VA) - Permission for state employees to use CC licenses
H.B. 2488 (TX) – Relating to OER adoption in public schools
S.B. 6460 (WA) – Requires model policy for open licensing of courseware

40. Utah R277-111-3. Educators Sharing Materials.
A. Utah educators may share materials for noncommercial use that
educators have developed primarily for use in their own classes, courses or assignments.
B. Utah educators may only share materials that they developed
personally and may not unilaterally share materials that were purchased or developed by or
on behalf of their public employer or the State.
C. Utah educators may only share materials that are consistent with R277-515 Utah Educator
Professional Standards. For example, educators may not share materials that advocate illegal
activities or that are inconsistent with their legal and role model responsibilities as public
employees and licensed educators.
D. Utah educators may share materials under a Creative Commons
License and shall be personally responsible for understanding and satisfying the requirements
of a Creative Commons License.
E. The presumption of this rule is that materials may be shared. The presumption is that Utah
educators need not seek permission from their employers to share
personally-developed materials. However public school employers may provide
notice to employees that materials developed with public school funds or during public school
employment must be reviewed by the employer prior to sharing or distribution.
F. Public educators may not sell teacher curriculum materials developed in whole or in part with
public education funds or developed within the employee's scope of employment to Utah
educators.

41. Funding OER Development
it’s not free

43. Institutional Leadership
open courseware (OCW)

45. OER Initiatives
state, institution, district

46. OER Initiatives

47. OER Business Models
the biggest challenge?

50. Lots of “Hype” About OER
OER will save the world!
OER save students money!
Students learn more from OER!

51. From Rhetoric to Results
We have to answer these questions with
high quality empirical research

52. Open Education Group
openedgroup.org

53. COUP Framework
A comprehensive framework for asking
questions about the practical impacts of
open educational resources

54. COUP Framework
• Cost savings
• Outcomes in student learning
• Use by teachers and learners
• Perceptions of OER among users

55. Cost and Outcomes
The Utah Open Textbook Project

56. Utah Open Textbook Project
6000 students, 25 teachers
High school science classrooms
Adapted CK12.org textbooks
> 95% printed books

58. $11.4
2 Annual Cost
Per Textbook
$4.99

59. http://opencontent.org/calculator/

60. *
Difference in CRT Scores From
Year(s) Before to Year(s) After
*
% Proficiency
Mean Change: +5.9%
* *
Teacher

61. Use
Flat World Knowledge

63. Revise / Remix Behavior
FWK provides editing tools to help
faculty build custom books

64. Flat World Knowledge

65. Perceptions
Project Kaleidoscope

66. Project Kaleidoscope
8 community colleges and 4-year schools
California to New York

67. Project Kaleidoscope
Cross-institutional faculty teams
Aggregate OER-based textbook replacements
11 courses, 9,000 students in 2011-2012

68. Teacher Perceptions of Kaleidoscope OER Quality

69. Student Perceptions of Kaleidoscope OER Quality

70. COUP Framework
• Cost savings
• Outcomes in student learning
• Use by teachers and learners
• Perceptions of OER among users

71. Future OER Research
what do we still need to know?

72. Locating and Identifying OER
where, what, how?

73. www.google.com/advanced_search?
www.oercommons.org
www.montereyinstitute.org/nroc/
www.curriki.org
www.merlot.org