ICT Role in 21st Century Education & its Challenges.pptx
History Of Childrens Literature
1. History of Children’s
Literature
Presented by
Prof. T. Méndez
ENGL 3440 Children’s
Literature in English
2. Early Works
Before the eighteenth century there
were no separate categories of books
for children.
Early books for children were
strongly influenced by the
conservative English beliefs of the
seventeenth century.
3. Early Works
Childrenwere seen as amoral savages
needing to be taught right from
wrong.
Deathand damnation
Humor and imagination banned
4. Early Works
Johann Amos Comenius, 1592-1670
Joh. Amos Comenii Orbis Sensualium Pictus. London:
Printed for S. Leacroft, 1777.
Translated as “The Visible World” or “The World Around Us
in Pictures, was the first European schoolbook based on the
idea of visual education.
This book is generally considered to be the first
picture book specifically for children.
5. Early Works
John Bunyan, 1628-1688
The Pilgrim’s Progress: From this World
to that which is to Come
This powerful religious allegory of man’s
quest for salvation is one of the most
influential books in English literature.
6. Early Works
John Foxe, 1516-1587
Actsand Monuments of Matters Most
Special and Memorable, Happening in the
Church
Oneof the most widely-read books in
England
7. Early Works
Daniel Defoe, 1661-1731
TheLife and Strange Surprising
Adventures of Robinson Crusoe
Considered one of the first English Novels
8. Early Works
A Little Pretty Pocket-book:
Intended for the Instruction and
Amusement of Little Mater Tommy,
and Pretty Miss Polly
Firstpublished in English in 1744 by
John Newbury
Considered the first children’s book
9. Early Works
Historyof Goody Two Shoes.
Baltimore: Bayly and Burns, 1837
Thought to be the first piece of original
English fiction written to amuse children.
Originally published by John Newbury in
1765.
Authorship is attributed to the English
poet Oliver Goldsmith.
10. Early Works
Maria Edgeworth, 1767-1849
Frank and the Farmer. Troy, N.Y.:
Merriam & Moore, circa 1850.
TheIrish author Maria Edgeworth was
one of the earliest and most important
woman writers for children.
11. Early Works
Isaac Watts, 1674-1748
Divine Songs Attempted in Easy
Language for the Use of children,
first published in 1715 was one of the
first books expressly written for
children.
12. Early Works - Chapbooks
Chapbooks were small inexpensive
stitched tracts sold by itinerant
merchants or chapmen, in western
Europe and North America from the
seventeenth to the early nineteenth
century.
13.
14.
15. Chapbooks
The Pleasant and Delightful History of
Jack and the Giants. Nottingham: Printed
for the Running Stationers, 1790.
Famous Exploits of Robin Hood: Including
an Account of his Birth, Education, and
Death. Penrith [England]: Joseph Allison,
circa 1800.
16. Chapbooks
The Renowned History of Richard Whittington and
his Cat. New-Haven: Sidney's Press, 1826.
History of the Sleeping Beauty in the Wood.
Glasgow: Printed for the booksellers, 1852
The Polish General, and Faithful Servant: to which
is added The Wonderful Deliverance of a Soldier.
Norwich: Printed by J. Payne, circa 1800.
17. Fables
Aesop’s Fables
Earliest written stories known to
children
Sir Roger L’Estrange, 1616-1704
Fables of Aesop: and other eminent
mythologists: with morals and reflexions
L’Estrange added “reflections” which further
discussed the moral issues involved in the
stories.
18. Fables
The Childs Illuminated Fable-book -
William Smith, 1847
The use of chromolithography and the
pseudo-mediaeval design reflects the craze
of the middle of the nineteenth century
for ornate gift books. Improvements in
color printing technology made it possible
to produce multicolored plates
inexpensively.
19. Fairy Tales
Fairytales, which were passed down
from generation to generation
through oral tradition, were first
collected and published in France in
the seventeenth century.
20. Fairy Tales
Cinderella
Sleeping Beauty
Red Riding Hood
Puss in Boots
All derived from the “Tales of Long Ago”
collected by Charles Perault in 1697.
Later on other versions of these stories
were presented in different forms.
21. Fairy Tales
Jacob Grimm, 1785 - 1863
The Brothers Grimm collected and
published German Popular Stories between
1812 and 1822
They collected over 200 stories from
friends, storytellers and old books
Stories generally ended happily but filled
with violence and trickery.
22. Books of Instruction
In eighteenth century books for children,
the main concern was imparting religious
and moral instruction and a code of social
behavior.
By the beginning of the nineteenth century,
there was a movement to extend the child’s
education.
23. Books of Instruction
Books began to appear in the homes
of the growing middle class.
The books often used a
conversational approach of question
and answer.
Used as a monologue on the part of
the adult.
24. Primers
Originally the name of a prayer book
Simple books for teaching children
letters, prayers and simple subjects.
25. Primers
Reproduction of a Horn Book. Boston:
Printed by Otto H. Miller. Miller for
the Horn Book, 1939.
The hornbook was the earliest form
of children’s primer in England and
America from the late 16th to the
late 18th century.
26. Primers
A sheet containing the letters of the
alphabet, simple words, and a Bible
verse was mounted on a wooden frame
and protected with thin, transparent
plates of horn.
27.
28. Primers
My Little Primer. Worcester: S.A.
Howland, 1800.
The verses in this small book include
“Mary Had a Little Lamb” and “The
Lord’s Prayer”.
29. Primers
The New Fun with Dick and Jane.
Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Co.,
1956.
From the 1930s to the 1960s, Dick
and Jane books were synonymous with
learning to read.
30. Pop-up and Movable Books
The books were called “harlequinades”
due to the appearance of the
Harlequin character in early versions
first appearing during the
seventeenth century.
31. Stories: Before 1850
Religious books
Requiring a stated moral perspective
Fairy tales and folk tales considered a
threat to moral order
Literature developed to ensure children’s
reading would reflect the conservative
Protestantism of the time.
32. Stories: After 1850
Golden age of Children’s Literature in
England and the United States.
Great writers teamed with great
illustrators
Industrial revolution led to advances in
printing.
Growing middle class increase interest in
education, expanded audience for
children’s books.
33. Stories: After 1850
Alice in Wonderland - Lewis Caroll
Little Women - Louisa May Alcott
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer - Mark
Twain
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn -
Mark Twain
The Jungle Book - Rudyard Kipling
34. Stories: After 1850
The Wonderful Wizard of Oz - L.
Frank Baum
Robin Hood and the Men of the Green
Wood - Henry Gilbert
Treasure Island - Robert Louis
Stevenson
Jumanji - Chris Van Allsburg
35. The Book Awards
The Newbery Medal
Winners chosen every year by the Association
for Library Service to Children
Established in 1922
The Oldest award for children’s books.
Awarded to the author of the most
distinguished contribution to American
literture
36. The Book Awards
The Randolph J. Caldecott Medal
Established in 1938
Awarded to the most distinguished
American picture book for children
