2. INTRODUCTION
Under nutrition is by far most important single
cause of illness and death globally accounting for 12%
of all deaths and 16% of disability- adjusted life years
lost. Low weight for age is associated more than half
of all deaths in young children accounting for more
than 6 million deaths per year.

3. DIRECT
1. Integrated Child Development Services(ICDS) Scheme
2. Nutrition Programs For Adolescent Girls
3. Nutrition Advocacy and Awareness General Programs for
Food And Nutrition Board (FNB).
4. Follow Up Action For National Nutrition Policy, 1993.
5. Ministry Of Health and Family Welfare.
Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation of Pregnant Women.
Vitamin A Supplementation of Children of 9- 36 Months
Age Group.
National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Program.
Department Of Elementary School and Literacy.
Midday Meal for Primary School Children.

4. INDIRECT
Department of Agriculture and Cooperation
∗ Increased Food Production
∗ Horticulture Interventions
Food And Public Distribution
∗ Targeted Public Distribution System
∗ Antodaya Anna Yojana
∗ Annapurna Scheme
contd..

5. Rural and Urban Development
∗ Food for Work Program
∗ Safe Drinking Water and Alleviation Program
∗ National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
∗ Ministry of Health
∗ National Rural Health Mission
∗ Poverty Alleviation Program
∗ IMNCI
Department Of Women And Child Development
∗ Various Women’s Welfare and Support Program
Department of Education and Literacy
∗ Sarva Siksha Abhiyan
∗ Adult Literacy Program

6. SPECIAL NUTRITION PROGRAM
The program was launched in the country in
1970-71. It provided supplementary feeding of
about 300 calories and 10 gms of proteins to
preschool children and about 500 calories and
25gms of proteins to expectant and nursing
mothers for six days a week. This program was
operated as under Minimum Needs Program.
Fund for nutrition component of ICDS program
was shared with SNP budget.

7. BALWADI NUTRITION PROGRAM
This program was launched by the ministry of social
welfare in 1970. This program is for the welfare of
children in the age group of 3-6 years in rural areas. The
children are given preschool education, diet
supplementation by providing 30 k cal and 10gms of
protein per day per child for 270 days a year and care for
their psychosocial development.

8. MIDDAY MEAL PROGRAM
This program was launched in 1961 by the ministry of
education and was implemented throughout the country for
school children in the age group of 6-11 years of age.
The programs were launched to enhance the admissions
and retain students in the school to improve literacy and
also to improve the health status of children.
Under this program the target group is provided food
supplements to provide 1/3rd of the total energy
requirements and half of the proteins requirement .
The school lunch program opportunity in the school is
used/ need to be used to educate children.
contd..

9. Following recommendations are made in a report by
Nutrition Foundations:
The children in classes 1-8th could be included as
beneficiaries of the program as being practiced in the state of
Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
The midday meals should provide 1/3rd of the daily
requirement (350-350kcal.)
The meal should be hygienic quality that demands
monitoring of the raw material and cooked preparation by
trained personnel.
In urban areas a centralized kitchen should be prepared,
transported and served hygienically.
Convergence of synergistic activities

10. THE APPLIED NUTRITION PROGRAM
The Applied Nutrition Program was introduced as
a Pilot Scheme in Orissa in 1963 which later on
extended to Tamil Nadu and Uttar Pradesh with the
objectives of :
 Promoting production of protective foods such as
vegetables and fruits.
 Ensure their consumption by pregnant and nursing
mothers and children.
contd..

11. During 1973, it was extended to all the states of the
country.
The nutrition education was the main focus and efforts
were directed to teach rural communities through
demonstration how to produce food for their consumption
through their own efforts.
The beneficiaries were children between 2-6 years and
pregnant and lactating mothers.
Nutrition worth Rs 25 paisa/child/day and 50 paise per
woman per day was provided for 52 days in a year.
The idea was to provide better seeds and encourage kitchen
gardens, poultry farming, beehive keeping etc. but this
program did not produce any effect.

12. TAMIL NADU INTEGRATED NUTRITION
PROGRAM
The Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Project was started in
1980 targetting 6-36 months and children and pregnant and
lactating women.
The objectives of TINP was:
Nutrition surveillance through regular growth monitoring of
all children in the age group 6-36 months;
Help rehabilitate and prevent malnutrition through short term
food supplementation;
contd..

13. Reduce the mortality and morbidity due to protein-energy
malnutrition and specific nutrient deficiencies;
Improve the nutritional status of pregnant and nursing women;
Strengthen health services to provide adequate back-up support to
the nutrition effort;
 Improve home child care and feeding practices through
education;
Improve the efficiency and the impact of the above through
sustained performance monitoring and evaluation;
To reduce anemia in pregnant and lactating women from 55% to
about 20%.
To reduce vitamin A deficiency in the under five from about 27%
to 5%.
To reduce infant mortality by 25%.

14. The project had four components
NUTRITION SERVICES delivery formed the core of TINP I.
HEALTH: The project helped to deploy and train one female multi-
purpose health worker (MPHW) in a health sub centre for a
population of 5000 (4-5 villages),
COMMUNICATION:
i) make mothers more fully aware of the nutritional needs of
children; ii) bring about better intra-family food distribution: and iii)
enable the community to better handle its health and nutritional
needs.
MONITORING AND EVALUATION :This will ensure effective
implementation. A lack of such periodic evaluations may lead to the
continuation of ineffective program.

15. INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT
SERVICES (ICDS) SCHEME
ICDS was launched on 2nd October 1975(5th 5 year
plan) in pursuance of the National Policy for children.
This is mainly a health intervention which adopts a
holistic approach aimed at improving both the pre-
natal and post-natal environment of the child. It is a
Centrally-sponsored, State-administered scheme
consisting of maternal health care in pregnancy and
growth monitoring and nutritional supplements for
children - services received at community centres or
anganwadis.
contd..

16. Its objectives are:
• To improve the nutrition and health status of children
aged 0-6 years.
• To lay the foundations for proper psychological,
physical and social development of the child.
• To reduce the incidence of mortality, morbidity,
malnutrition and school drop-out.
• To achieve effective coordinated policy and its
implementation amongst the various departments to
promote child development.
• To enhance the capability of the mother to look after
the normal health and nutritional needs of the child
through proper nutrition and health education.
contd..

17. Beneficiaries
• children below 6 years
• pregnant and lactating women
• women in the age group of 15-45 years
• adolescent girls in selected blocks
contd..

18. COMPONENTS of ICDS
• Supplementary Nutrition
• Immunization.
• Health
• Referral services
• Nutrition and Health Education.
• Non-formal Preschool Education.
contd..

19. SCHEME FOR ADOLESCENT GIRLS (Kishori
Shakti Yojana)
• A scheme for adolescent girls in ICDS was launched by
the Department Of Women And Child Development,
Ministry Of Human Resource Development, 1991.
• Common services:
• Watch over menarche
• Immunization
• General health check ups
• Treatment for minor ailments
• Deworming
• Prophylactic measures against anemia, goiter, vitamin
deficiency etc .
• Referral to PHC/ District hospital in case of acute need.

20. ACHIEVEMENTS
New ICDS is effective in 5659 community
development blocks and major urban slums
throughout the country. As against 227 crores
beneficiaries until March 1997 there were 3.4 crore
beneficiaries in April 2001. In 2006 the scheme
reached out to about 95 lakhs expectant and nursing
mothers and 244.92 lakhs preschool children and
562.18 lakh beneficiaries are getting supplementary
nutrition.

21. PROGRAMS TO PREVENT SPECIFIC
DEFICIENCY STATES
VITAMIN A PROPHYLAXIS PROGRAM
This program is one of the components of National
Programs for Control of Blindness. This includes
administration of 200,000 I.U of vitamin A orally to all
preschool children every six months the programme was
launched in 1970 by the ministry of health and family
welfare MCH centres in urban areas, PHC in rural areas and
ICDS projects are engaged in the implementation of the
program.

22. PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST NUTRITIONAL
ANAEMIA
The program was started by the ministry of health and
family welfare during the fourth 5 year plan to prevent
nutritional anemia the program envisages distribution of
iron and folic acid to young children and expectant mothers
through MCH centres in urban areas PHC/SC in rural areas
and Anganwadis in project areas. The commercial
production of iron fortified common salt was started in
1985.

23. CONTROL OF IODINE DEFICIENCY
DISORDER
The national goiter control program was launched by
the government of India in 1962 in the Goiter belt in the
Himalayan region and iodized salt was supplied in Goiter
endemic areas. Later on in 1986 this program was changed
to National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Control Program
because the problem was found to be widespread and more
than the problem of Goiter.

24. PILOT PROJECT ON PROGRAM AGAINST
MICRONUTRIENT MALNUTRITION
The Pilot Project Program Against Micronutrient Malnutrition
was implemented in Assam along with for other states namely
Bihar, Orissa, West Bengal and Gujarat. The program was
launched in the year 1995.
The objectives of the programs are:
• To asses the and improve iron and vitamin A status in school
going children , adolescent boys and girls, non pregnant women,
adult males and geriatric population.
• To assess the magnitude of flourosis and dental caries.
contd..

25. • To launch extensive information, education and
communication strategies through mass media to improve
the dietary habits of the population and;
• To study zinc level in various food products and soil.
• The program was implemented in one district of each of
the five states. The following activities were
undertaken.
• Advocacy and sensitization meetings with people involved
in policy making with elected members, teachers, social
workers etc.
• A baseline survey was conducted to assess the
socioeconomic status, food intake pattern, estimation of
Hb, soil, zinc, fluorine in drinking water etc..
• Training was also organized at block level, prior to field
activity surveys.

26. WORLD FOOD PROGRAM
• World food program is the world’s largest international
food aid organization, aid organization, serving in 84
counties with a goal of achieving “ a world of which
every man, woman and child has access at all times to
the food there can be no sustainable peace, no
democracy and no development.
• Founded in 1963 as the food aid arm of United nation
after the Rome declaration on world food security in
1996. WFP is committed to achieve a goal of reducing
half the number who are adequate access to food by
2015.

27. WORLD FOOD PROGRAM IN INDIA
 WFP goals and objectives in India:
Improve nutrition and quality of life for the most
vulnerable population at critical times in their lives.
Make sustainable improvements in household food
security for the poorest, especially for women and child
and invest funds in development for long term security.
Strengthen channels for locally produced food grains and
support local entrepreneurship.
Advocate for ecorestoration through participation
methods.
contd..

28. Beneficiaries
• Poor women, particularly mothers and children at
risk.
• Poor forest dependent population.
• WFP have included supplementary feeding and
supported forestry, livestock and dairy development. A
blend of precooked maize and soyafortified with micro
nutrients called CSB (corn- soya- blend) has been
developed in India in the name of ‘Indiamix’.
contd..

29. NUTRITIVE VALUE OF INDIAMIX
NUTRIENTS AMOUNT PER 100 GRAM
Protein (g) 20
Fat(g) 6
Crude fibre (g) 2
Carbohydrate (g) 60
Energy (g) 390
Calcium (g) 191
Iron (g) 15
Vitamin A (g) 1454

30. ACTIVITIES UNDER WFP’s
Helping women to gain better access to food, education,
and involvement in community decisions.
Access to maternal and child health care improving child
survival , “food for work” program in collaboration with
forest department providing food in emergencies, access
to health services, potable water and sanitation
Proper caring practices for young children.
Education particularly girls and women.
Supporting generation of biogas.
Protection of forest through mass awareness and active
participation.
Income generating products.
Creating market by local manufacturing by India Mix.
Effective program implementation

31. NATIONAL NUTRITIONAL GOALS 11TH FIVE
YEAR PLAN
• Reduce the prevalence of the underweight in children under 5
years upto 20%.
• Eradicate the prevalence of undernutrition in children after 5
years.
• First hour breastfeeding rates to increase to 80%.
• Exclusive breast feeding rates to increase to 90%.
• Complementary feeding rate at six months to increase to
90%.
• Reduce prevalence of anemia in high risk group to 25%.
• Eliminate vitamin A deficiency in children under 5 years as a
public health problem and reduce subclinical deficiency of
Vitamin A in children by 50%.
• Reduce prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders to less than
5%.

32. CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE
RECOMMENDATIONS
• Supplementary food should be viewed and used only as a
vehicle for providing other services under the ICDS
scheme.
• Supplementary foods should be cereal based, palatable
and of good quality.
• Fortification of foods with micronutrients: it should be
mainly considered with iron and iodine.
• Nutritional counseling of mothers through ICDS scheme
for promotion of nutrition and health of children.
• Community based rehabilitation of severely malnourished
children through integrated health and nutrition
interventions.

33. CONCLUSION
Nutrition affects growth and development of a person.
Atleast the development of International Standards and
national legislation, are essential to protect and promote
national food security and public health. Civil society
will have to play a more active role. The concept of food
security must be recaptured and reframed in public and
environment terms.

34. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• Gulani K.K. (2005). Community Health Nursing. 1st
Edition. Kumar Publishing House. New
Delhi.Pp- 662 to 664.
• Gupta M.C.,Mahajan B.K. (2003). Textbook Of
Preventive And Social Medicine. Third Edition.
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. New
Delhi. Pp-355-357.
• Kishore J. (2007).National Health Programs Of
India. 7th Edition Century Publication. New
Delhi. Pp- 340-361.
• Indian pediatrics. (2001)38.721-731.
• www.springerlink.com/index/pdf retieved on
02/02/2009.