Allergic rhinitis-Allergic rhinitis is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways. In this slide we can get info about its causes,symptoms,prevention & treatment.This slide helps people to know about this disease.

1. RESPIRATORY DISEASE

2. DEFINITION
 Allergic rhinitis is an inflammation to the lining of the
nose caused by inappropriate hypersensitivity reaction
to an allergen.
 Allergic rhinitis is an IgE-mediated immunological
reaction.

3. Seasonal allergic
rhinitis(Hay fever
or Rose fever):
This occurs
during times of
the year when
allergens are in
the air.
Perennial(
Persistent) allergic
rhinitis: This
condition is
caused by
allergens.

4. Atopy
Allergens :
Seasonal :
Pollen , Fungus
Perenninal :
Dust mite, domestic pets, cockroaches
Occupational :
Flour, Animal , Wood, Latex , Paint
Hormonal

5. Food induced:
Nuts,fish , prawns, legumes ,milk, chesse ,egg, meat,
citrus fruits ,wines.
Drug induced:
Aspirin, other NSAIDs , anti-hypertensives, oral
contraceptive pills.
Nasal (Nasal irritants) :
Traffic fumes , tobacco smoke ,mosquito repellents,
perfumes ,scented sticks, domestic sprays, bleaches
Anatomic defect
Immunodeficiency
disease

6. SYMPTOMS
Rhinorrhea
Itchy (nose , mouth , eyes ,throat ,skin or any area)
Problems with smell
Sneezing
Tearing eyes
Stuffy nose (nasal congestion)
Coughing
Clogged ears
Sore throat
Dark circles under the eyes
Puffness under the eyes
Fatigue & irritability
Headache
Mouth breathing


7. Physical exam( eyes, ears, nose ,oropharynx,lung)
CBC Test
Nasal smear examination for eosinophils:
Mucus is examined for the presence of eosinophil cells, which
indicate an allergic reaction.
Skin prick test:
A method for medical diagnosis of allergens that attempts to
provoke a small, controllled , allergic response.
Radio – allergo – sorbent test (R.A.S.T):
A radioimmunoassay test to detect certain types of
immunoglobulin-bound allergens responsible for tissue
hypersensitivity.
Diagnostic nasal endoscopy
C.T. scan

8. Lifestyle change & avoiding allergens:
Avoid cigarette smoke & traffic fumes.
Avoid cold drinks , ice cream, very cold air, cold bath.
Avoid mosquito repellents, strong perfumes , scented
sticks & cosmetics.
Have a balanced diet & exercise regularly to improve body
immunity.
Adequate fluid intake to loosen nasal secretion.
Control drugs to prevent attack
Avoid sulfite-containing foods.
Avoid occupational irritants.
Visit doctor regularly & follow doctor’s advice.
Allergy shots( immunotherapy)
Medication

9. Leukotriene receptor
antagonists:
Montelucast(Montene-sq.)
Anti-cholinergics:
Ipratropium bromide
nasal spray(Rynaspray-sq.)
H1-antihistamines:
Systemic:
Cetirizine(Alatrol-sq.),
Fexofenadine(Fexo-sq.),
Loratidine(Loratin-sq.)
Levocetrizine(Curin-Beximco),
Desloratidine(Sedno-sq.)
Topical:
Azelastine spray(Snizex-sq.)
Mast cell stabilizers:
Sodium
cromoglycate(Nacromycin-sq.)
Ketotifen(Alarid-sq)

10. Nasal decongestants Corticosteroids
Systemic:
Phenylephrine
Pseudoephedrine(Preecof-
Incepta)
Topical:
Xylometazoline(Antazol-sq.)
Oxymetazoline(Nocon-sq.)
Hypertonic saline
Nasal:
Beclomethasone
(Decomit-Beximco)
Budesonide(Aeronoid-
Beximco)
Fluticasone(Perinase-
Beximco)
Mometasone
Injection:
Methylprednisolone
Oral:
Prednisolone

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