Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications

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Developing intuitive interactive applications that are easy to maintain by developers is quite challenging, due to the complexity and the many technical aspects involved in such applications. In this article, we tackle the problem in two complementary ways. First, we propose a gestural interface to improve the user experience when interacting with applications that require the manipulation of 3D graphical scenes. Second, we reduce the complexity of developing such applications by modeling their executable behaviour using statecharts. We validate our approach by creating a modular and extensible Java framework for the development of interactive gesture-based applications. We developed a proof- of-concept application using this framework, that allows the user to construct and manipulate 3D scenes in OpenGL by using hand gestures only. These hand gestures are captured by the Kinect sensor, and translated into events and actions that are interpreted and executed by communicating statecharts that model the main behaviour of the interactive application.

Diseño Tecnología Educación

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications

Statechart modeling of interactive
gesture-based applications

Romuald Deshayes Tom Mens

Software Engineering Lab

2010-2011
Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 1 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications

Table des matières

1 Problem Statement

2 Proof-of-concept application

3 Modeling interactive behaviour

4 Statechart models

5 The application framework

6 Conclusion and Future Work

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 2 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Problem Statement

Outline : Problem Statement

Problem Statement

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 3 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Problem Statement

Problem Statement

Challenge
Develop intuitive interactive applications that are easy to maintain

Why is it a challenge ?
Complex behaviour
Nondeterministic user actions
Same events lead to diﬀerent actions

Contributions
Gestural user interface for 3D objects manipulation
Modeling executable behaviour using a visual formalism
Validation with an application framework

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 4 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Proof-of-concept application

Outline : Proof-of-concept application

Proof-of-concept application

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 5 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Proof-of-concept application

Proof-of-concept application

3D visual drawing tool
Uses gestures to create and manipulate 3D objects
OpenGL graphical library
Microsoft Kinect + NITE

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 6 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Proof-of-concept application

Small video : www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVcqzWTnpMY

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 7 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Modeling interactive behaviour

Outline : Modeling interactive behaviour

Modeling interactive behaviour

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 8 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Modeling interactive behaviour

Modeling interactive behaviour

Context
Highly reactive event-driven systems
Gesture-based interaction

Proposed solutions
Visual modeling language
Statecharts
Petri nets
Amenable to formal analysis
Easier to evolve
Reduced complexity

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 9 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Statechart models

Outline : Statechart models

Statechart models

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 10 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Statechart models

Statechart models - Hand

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 11 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Statechart models

Statechart models - Component

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 12 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Statechart models

Statechart models - Scene

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 13 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
The application framework

Outline : The application framework

The application framework

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 14 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
The application framework

The application framework

Framework for developing interactive applications
Executable behaviour speciﬁed using statecharts
Client-server architecture

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 15 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
The application framework

The application framework II
Features
Generic
Abstract classes
Observer design pattern
Communication between statecharts
Uses Java SwingStates library

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 16 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
The application framework

The application framework III

<<library>>
Framework SwingStates
Server extends Thread
-serverSocket : DatagramSocket StateMachine

Controller left 0..1
1..* -machine : StateMachine Pointer
<<Interface>> right -open : boolean
+addComponent(c : Component) 0..1
BodyListener extends -machine : StateMachine
+addPointer(p : Pointer)
EventListener +addScene(s : Scene)
Scene
Main Application
+handMovedX(e : BodyEvent) 1..*
+handMovedY(e : BodyEvent) -machine : StateMachine
MainScene
+handMovedZ(e : BodyEvent) 1
+handClosed(e : BodyEvent)
+handOpened(e : BodyEvent)
selectedModel
1..*
* 0..1
Component Model
BodyAdapter 3DModel
-boundingBox : Rectangle -selected : boolean
+addAsListenerOf(s : Server) -machine : StateMachine
1..*
models

BodyAdapters OpenGLWidgets
Hand GLButton ExtendableMenu
-machine : StateMachine +changeActiveTexture() : void +extend() : void
+drawButton(gl : GL) : void +retract() : void
+startCounter() : void +drawMenu(gl : GL) : void

SpawningMenu
+addButton(button : GLButton) : void ImageMenu
+addText(text : String) : void ButtonMenu
+drawMenu(gl : GL) : void
+drawMenu(gl : GL) : void +addButton(button : GLBUtton) : void +onModel() : void
+spawn() : void +drawMenu(gl : GL) : void
+reduce() : void

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 17 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Conclusion and Future Work

Outline : Conclusion and Future Work

Conclusion and Future Work

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 18 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Conclusion and Future Work

Conclusion and Future Work

Statecharts
Appropriate and scalable formalism for modeling the
interactive gesture-based behaviour ?

Improvements
Externalise/decouple statechart representation from framework
Compare statecharts with Petri nets

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 19 / 20

Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications
Conclusion and Future Work

Future Work II

Apply our approach to other HCI applications
Other types of natural interfaces
Compare/combine with other UIML
Controlled experiments, carry out user studies, empirical
studies

Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 20 / 20

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Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications

1. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Romuald Deshayes Tom Mens Software Engineering Lab 2010-2011 Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 1 / 20

2. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Table des matières 1 Problem Statement 2 Proof-of-concept application 3 Modeling interactive behaviour 4 Statechart models 5 The application framework 6 Conclusion and Future Work Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 2 / 20

3. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Problem Statement Outline : Problem Statement Problem Statement Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 3 / 20

4. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Problem Statement Problem Statement Challenge Develop intuitive interactive applications that are easy to maintain Why is it a challenge ? Complex behaviour Nondeterministic user actions Same events lead to diﬀerent actions Contributions Gestural user interface for 3D objects manipulation Modeling executable behaviour using a visual formalism Validation with an application framework Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 4 / 20

5. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Proof-of-concept application Outline : Proof-of-concept application Proof-of-concept application Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 5 / 20

6. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Proof-of-concept application Proof-of-concept application 3D visual drawing tool Uses gestures to create and manipulate 3D objects OpenGL graphical library Microsoft Kinect + NITE Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 6 / 20

7. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Proof-of-concept application Small video : www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVcqzWTnpMY Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 7 / 20

8. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Modeling interactive behaviour Outline : Modeling interactive behaviour Modeling interactive behaviour Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 8 / 20

9. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Modeling interactive behaviour Modeling interactive behaviour Context Highly reactive event-driven systems Gesture-based interaction Proposed solutions Visual modeling language Statecharts Petri nets Amenable to formal analysis Easier to evolve Reduced complexity Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 9 / 20

10. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Statechart models Outline : Statechart models Statechart models Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 10 / 20

11. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Statechart models Statechart models - Hand Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 11 / 20

12. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Statechart models Statechart models - Component Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 12 / 20

13. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Statechart models Statechart models - Scene Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 13 / 20

14. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications The application framework Outline : The application framework The application framework Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 14 / 20

15. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications The application framework The application framework Framework for developing interactive applications Executable behaviour speciﬁed using statecharts Client-server architecture Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 15 / 20

16. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications The application framework The application framework II Features Generic Abstract classes Observer design pattern Communication between statecharts Uses Java SwingStates library Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 16 / 20

17. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications The application framework The application framework III <<library>> Framework SwingStates Server extends Thread -serverSocket : DatagramSocket StateMachine Controller left 0..1 1..* -machine : StateMachine Pointer <<Interface>> right -open : boolean +addComponent(c : Component) 0..1 BodyListener extends -machine : StateMachine +addPointer(p : Pointer) EventListener +addScene(s : Scene) Scene Main Application +handMovedX(e : BodyEvent) 1..* +handMovedY(e : BodyEvent) -machine : StateMachine MainScene +handMovedZ(e : BodyEvent) 1 +handClosed(e : BodyEvent) +handOpened(e : BodyEvent) selectedModel 1..* * 0..1 Component Model BodyAdapter 3DModel -boundingBox : Rectangle -selected : boolean +addAsListenerOf(s : Server) -machine : StateMachine 1..* models BodyAdapters OpenGLWidgets Hand GLButton ExtendableMenu -machine : StateMachine +changeActiveTexture() : void +extend() : void +drawButton(gl : GL) : void +retract() : void +startCounter() : void +drawMenu(gl : GL) : void SpawningMenu +addButton(button : GLButton) : void ImageMenu +addText(text : String) : void ButtonMenu +drawMenu(gl : GL) : void +drawMenu(gl : GL) : void +addButton(button : GLBUtton) : void +onModel() : void +spawn() : void +drawMenu(gl : GL) : void +reduce() : void Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 17 / 20

18. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Conclusion and Future Work Outline : Conclusion and Future Work Conclusion and Future Work Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 18 / 20

19. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Conclusion and Future Work Conclusion and Future Work Statecharts Appropriate and scalable formalism for modeling the interactive gesture-based behaviour ? Improvements Externalise/decouple statechart representation from framework Compare statecharts with Petri nets Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 19 / 20

20. Statechart modeling of interactive gesture-based applications Conclusion and Future Work Future Work II Apply our approach to other HCI applications Other types of natural interfaces Compare/combine with other UIML Controlled experiments, carry out user studies, empirical studies Deshayes Romuald – UMONS 20 / 20

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