3. 規制反対側の意見
Top Republicans called the FCC's efforts to revive
net-neutrality rules "a solution in search of a
problem," and plan to fight any new rules. Rep.
Marsha Blackburn of Tennessee will introduce
legislation in the coming weeks to block what she
calls the "socialistic" proposal.
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http://www.nationaljournal.com/tech/republicans-will-try-to-kill-new-net-neutrality-rules-20140219
そもそもインターネットに関して政府の介入
を必要とする事態など生じていない。
4. ネット中立性問題の背景事情
3/28/2015 TOSHIYA_JITSUZUMI@日本情報経営学会関東支部研究会 4
Global IP traffic has increased more than fivefold in the
past 5 years, and will increase threefold over the next
5years. Overall, IP traffic will grow at a compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 21 percent from 2013 to 2018.
• Over half of all IP traffic will originate with non-PC
devices by 2018.
• By 2018, wired devices will account for 39 percent of IP
traffic, while Wi-Fi and mobile devices will account for
61 percent.
• There will be nearly three networked devices per capita
by 2018, up from nearly two networked devices per
capita in 2013.
• Broadband speeds will nearly triple by 2018. By 2018,
global fixed broadband speeds will reach 42 Mbps, up
from 16 Mbps in 2013.
• 全世界のIP網の利用量は過去5年間で五倍以上に
増加しており、今後5年でさらに三倍になると見込ま
れている。
• 2018年にはパソコン以外からの利用が過半を占め、
無線端末からの利用が61%になる。
• 一人当たり端末数は2013年には二台であったが、
2018年には三台に増加。
• 平均速度は16Mbpsから42Mbpsに達する。
11. ブッシュ共和党政権下のFCC
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Chairman of FCC Major Events at FCC and related incidents
Michael Powell March 14, 2002 Cable Modem Order
February 20, 2003 Triennial Review
February 8, 2004 Powell Speech at Silicon Flatiron Symposium “Preserving Internet Freedom; Guiding Principles
for the Industry”
Kevin J. Martin June 27, 2005 NCTA v. Brand X @ US Supreme Court
March 3, 2005 Settlement with Madison River Communications
August 5, 2005 Internet Policy Statement
August 5, 2005 Wireline Broadband Order
November 17, 2005 Announcement of approval concerning SBC/AT&T and Verizon/MCI mergers
November 3, 2006 Broadband over Power Line Order
March 26, 2007 Announcement of approval concerning AT&T/Bell merger
April 14, 2007 NOI: In the matter of Broadband Industry Practices
April 14, 2007 47 CFR 27.16 - Network access requirements for Block C in the 746-757 and 776-787 MHz bands
April 22, 2007 Wireless Broadband Order
August 1, 2008 Comcast Decision
12. オバマ民主党政権下のFCC
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Chairman of FCC Major Events at FCC and related incidents
Michael J. Copps
(acting)
January 28, 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
Julius
Genachowski
July 1, 2009 NOFA (notice of funds availability) for ARRA programs (BIP and BTOP)
October 22, 2009 NPRM: In the Matter of Preserving the Open Internet Broadband Industry Practices
March 16, 2010 Connecting America: The National Broadband Plan
April 6, 2010 Comcast v. FCC @ D.C. Circuit Court
May 6, 2010 A proposal of “The Third Way”
June 17, 2010 NOI: IN the Matter of Framework for Broadband Internet Access
August 9, 2010 A proposal from Verizon and Google
December 21, 2010 The FCC 2010 Open Internet Order
January 28, 2011 Announcement of approval concerning Comcast/NBC Universal merger
Tom Wheeler January 14, 2014 Verizon v. FCC @ D.C. Circuit Court
May 30, 2014 A public notice to refresh the record in NOI (June 17, 2010)
May 15, 2014 NPRM: In the Matter of Protecting and Promoting the Open Internet
November 10, 2014 Statement of President Obama
February 26, 2015 Reclassification to Title II and preempt state laws
13. インターネットの自由(Preserving Internet Freedom)
2004年2月,コロラド大学Silicon Flatirons Centerが開催したシンポジウムにおいて、Michael Powell委員長
は「Preserving Internet Freedom; Guiding Principles for the Industry」と題された演説で、以下の4つの「イ
ンターネットの自由」を提唱。
1. コンテンツに対するアクセスの自由(Freedom to Access Content)
2. アプリケーション利用の自由(Freedom to Use Applications)
3. 個人端末を接続する自由(Freedom to Attach Personal Devices)
4. 契約情報を入手する自由(Freedom to Obtain Service Plan Information)
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25. 既存の特別取扱いは個別判断により対応
Sponsored data plan, or zero-rating
◦ メリットとデメリットを認識しつつ、「合理的でない関与/劣化の禁止」の基準にそって個別判断
◦ On the one hand, evidence in the record suggests that these business models may in some instances provide benefits to consumers,
with particular reference to their use in the provision of mobile services.
◦ On the other hand, some commenters strongly oppose sponsored data plans, arguing that “the power to exempt selective services
from data caps seriously distorts competition, favors companies with the deepest pockets, and prevents consumers from exercising
control over what they are able to access on the Internet,” again with specific reference to mobile services.
Data allowance, or data cap, and usage-based pricing plan
◦ メリットとデメリットを認識しつつ、「合理的でない関与/劣化の禁止」の基準にそって個別判断
◦ Usage allowances may benefit consumers by offering them more choices over a greater range of service options, and, for mobile
broadband networks, such plans are the industry norm today, in part reflecting the different capacity issues on mobile networks.
Conversely, some commenters have expressed concern that such practices can potentially be used by broadband providers to
disadvantage competing over-the-top providers.
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28. 連邦議会の対応
Upton (R-Mich)による中立性法案の準備
◦ Upton has pressed for bipartisan legislation codifying net neutrality protections while limiting FCC
authority,
Warden(R-Ore)の法案
◦ Walden's draft legislation, circulated in January to codify net neutrality rules and limit FCC authority.
Googlatte (R-Va)によるCongressional Review Actの活用
◦ whereas Goodlatte said, along with many of his Judiciary colleagues, that he wants a Congressional
Review Act (CRA) resolu-tion striking down the net neutrality rules and possibly legislation codifying
an antitrust enforcement approach (see 1502260051).
FCCの予算面で首を絞めようというアプローチもあり
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