In linguistics, syntax is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure of sentences in a given language, specifically word order. The term syntax is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes.[3] The goal of many syntactical is to discover the syntactic rules common to all languages. In mathematics, syntax refers to the rules governing the behavior of mathematical systems, such as formal languages used in logic.

1. Syntax:
The analysis of sentence structure
Agita Risma N., S.Hum
IKIP PGRI Madiun

2. Grammatical or Ungrammatical:
1. The boy found the ball
2. The boy found quickly
3. The boy found in the house
4. The boy found the ball in the house
5. Disa slept the baby
6. Disa slept soundly
Find: Transitive verb (with object)
Sleep: Intransitive verb (no object)

3. Syntactic Categories (1)
Lexical categories
 Noun (N)
 Verb (V)
 Adjective (A)
 Preposition (P)
 Adverb (Adv)
Examples
 moisture, policy
 melt, remain
 good, intelligent
 to, near
 slowly, now

4. Syntactic Categories (2)
Non-lexical categories
 Determiner (Det)
 Degree word (Deg)
 Qualifier (Qual)
 Auxiliary (Aux)
 Conjunction (Con)
Examples
 the, this
 very, more
 always, perhaps
 will, can
 and, or

5. Indicate the category of each word in the
following sentences.
a. The glass suddenly broke.
b. A jogger ran towards the end of the lane.
c. The peaches never appear quite ripe.
d. Gillian will play the trumpet and the drums in the orchestra.
Det / N / Adv / V
Det / N / V / P / Det / N / P / Det / N
N / Aux / V / Det / N / Conj / Det / N / P / Det / N
Det / N / Qual / V / Deg / A

6. Phrases
 NP : Noun Phrase
The car, a clever student
 VP : Verb Phrase
study hard, play the guitar
 PP : Prepositional Phrase
in the class, above the earth
 AP : Adjective Phrase
very tall, quite certain

7. Phrase Structure Rules
 NP → (Det) (AP) N (PP)
 PP → P (NP)
The bus (NP)
The
NDet
bus
The bus in the yard
NP
The
NDet
bus
PP
in
NPP
the
Det N
yard

8. Phrase Structure Rules
 VP → (Qual) V (NP) (PP) (Adv)
took the money (VP)
took
NPV
took the money from the bank
VP
took
NPV PP
from
NPP
the
Det N
bank
the
Det N
money
the
Det N
money

9. The main structure rules
1. S → NP (Aux) VP
2. NP → (Det) (AP) N (PP)
3. VP → (Qual) V (NP) (PP) (Adv)
4. PP → (Deg) P (NP)
5. AP → (Deg) A (PP)

10. Draw the tree diagram.
1. repaired the telephone
2. the success of the program
3. a film about pollution