In comparison to the burden of proof required of plaintiffs in civil l.docx

•Descargar como DOCX, PDF•

0 recomendaciones•2 vistas

In comparison to the burden of proof required of plaintiffs in civil lawsuits against independent auditors under common law, section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 Solution b. Is the same regarding plaintiffs\' need to prove damages or losses. .

Educación

Más contenido relacionado

Más de tristans3

In a nonpolar covalent bond... Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom Electrons are hypervalent Electrons are donated from one atom to the other Electrons are shared evenly In a nonpolar covalent bond... Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom Electrons are hypervalent Electrons are donated from one atom to the other Electrons are shared evenly Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons are closest to the least electronegatative atom Electrons are hypervalent Electrons are donated from one atom to the other Electrons are shared evenly Solution Ans . As a covalent bond is formed with the sharing of the electrons between atoms and not with the donation of electrons from one atom to another . Also , a polar covalent bond has uneven or unequal sharing of electrons due to difference in polarity while a non-polar covalent bond has even or equal sharing of electrons between atoms as there is no difference in polarity . Therefore , in a non-polar covalent bond electrons are shared evenly . .

In a nonpolar covalent bond--- Electrons are shared unevenly Electrons.docx

tristans3

Solution true Keynesian economics (/?ke?nzi?n/ kayn -zee-?n ; or Keynesianism ) is the view that in the short run, especially during recessions, economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand (total spending in the economy). In the Keynesian view, aggregate demand does not necessarily equal theproductive capacity of the economy; instead, it is influenced by a host of factors and sometimes behaves erratically, affecting production, employment, and inflation. [1] The theories forming the basis of Keynesian economics were first presented by the British economist John Maynard Keynes in his book, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money , published in 1936, during theGreat Depression. Keynes contrasted his approach to the aggregate supply-focused \'classical\' economics that preceded his book. The interpretations of Keynes that followed are contentious and several schools of economic thoughtclaim his legacy. Keynesian economists often argue that private sector decisions sometimes lead to inefficient macroeconomic outcomes which require active policy responses by the public sector, in particular, monetary policy actions by thecentral bank and fiscal policy actions by the government, in order to stabilize output over the business cycle. [2] Keynesian economics advocates a mixed economy .

In a Classical model of the macroeconomy- the equilibrating mechanism.docx

tristans3

In 2012, Shurtleff estimates that warranty costs in the following year will be $25,000. Actual warranty costs in 2013 are only $20,000. What is the effect on the accounting equation when recording estimated warranty costs in 2012? A) Assets decrease B) Stockholdersâ€™ equity increases C) Assets increase D) Stockholdersâ€™ equity decreases E) Liabilities decrease Solution D) Stockholdersâ€™ equity decreases Estimated Warranty cost is recorded as an expense for future warranty work, So it reduces Income, which ultimately decreases Stockholder\'s Equity. .

In 2012- Shurtleff estimates that warranty costs in the following year.docx

tristans3

In 2000, June, A 75-year-old widow, creates an irrevocable trust naming her five adult grandchildren as the beneficiaries. The assets transferred in trust consist of marketable securities (worth $800,000) and June\'s personal residence (worth $400,000). Bob, June\'s younger brother and a practicing attorney, is designated as the trustee. Other provisions of the trust are as follows: Bob is given the discretion to distribute the income to the beneficiaries based on their need or add it to corpus. He is also given the power to change trust investments and to terminate the trust. The trust is to last for June\'s lifetime or, if sooner, until termination by Bob. Upon termination of the trust, the principal and any accumulated income are to be distributed to the beneficiaries (June\'s grandchildren). For 2000, June files a form 709 to report the transfer in trust and pays a gift tax based on value of $1.2 million ($800,000 + $400,000). After the transfer in trust and up to the time of her death, June continues to occupy the residence. Although she pays no rent, she maintains the property and pays the yearly property taxes. June never discussed the matter of her continued occupancy of the residence with either Bob or the beneficiaries of the trust. Upon June\'s death in 2008, the value of the trust is $2.3 million, broken down as follows: marketable securities and cash ($1.6 million) and residence ($700,000). Shortly thereafter, Bob sells the residence, liquidates the trust, and distributes the proceeds to the beneficiaries. What are the estate taxes consequences of these transaction to June? Solution Since she pays her property taxes, there are no tax consequences on June. However on selling the house, her children will have to pay tax on capital gains from the increase n the value of the house. To avoid this tax, they will have to live in the same house for two years. .

In 2000- June- A 75-year-old widow- creates an irrevocable trust namin.docx

tristans3

In 2007, Heuy\'s actual income was $70,000, equal to his lifetime annual average; Dewey\'s actual income was $50,000, $10,000 below his lifetime annual average; and Louie Solution H ello Pal, F irst of all a very nice as well as intersting question from your side. S o now straight to the question, as asked above with all the information available from your side and from mine, the answer is as under: A fter calculation of the above given information, we can conclude that the answer will be as under: Huey: 6.50% Dewey: 5.24% Louie: 7.28% T hat is all I can say from the above given information by you, hope have solved your problem to some extent. R egards. .

In 2007- Heuy-'s actual income was $70-000- equal to his lifetime annu.docx

tristans3

Impulse and momentum are two two different parameters. Explain these parameters from Newton\'s law of motion. Solution Impulse:impulse is dealing with the force.What it means is impulse is nothing but force that is applied on a object to against its motion for a given time. J=Force* time Momentum:which is a quantity deals with the object resistance to stop.Indirectly,object with greater momentum very hard to stop. p=mv consider the Newton\'s second law that is F=m*a F=m*(v/t) F*t=m*v Here F*t nothing but impulse m*v=momentum. what it means is force that is acting on a given object for particular time changes the objects momentum. .

Impulse and momentum are two two different parameters- Explain these p.docx

tristans3

Implementation of EHR Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associated with implementing and using a regional and national EHR. Solution Advantages Providing better, updated and accurate information about patient on regional and national level It enables the quick access to patient record for better coordination and better care It securely shares the electronic information of patients with clinics Improve interaction and communication as well asa health care Enables the safe and more reilable prescribtion Disadvantages Privacy is a concern when we record the data electronically, using the HER put organization at the risk if we donâ€™t follow the privacy protocols Identify theft can occur when unauthorized people gain advantage of access over the record. Data loss and data redundancy are also the major disadvantages assocaited with HER softwares. When we use HER we must put into place a backup plan of the data Even if your local servers suffer a catastrophic crash, you will still be able to reconstruct your patient information through the backup in the cloud. .

Implementation of EHR Discuss the advantages and disadvantages associa.docx

tristans3

Implementing a new AIS system could prove to be beneficial or detrimental to an organizationâ€™s IT infrastructure. Assess the risks associated with integrating a new AIS system and suggest what management can do to minimize those risks. Solution Answer From following the agents likely cause security related problems to the AIS. From Employees From Consultants From Suppliers From competitors From IT mercenaries From Espionage experts From the above agents, AIS system facing risks. In most of cases the following types of attacks like computer viruses, backdoors, password crackers, scanners and social engineering attacks. Threats affecting the infrastructure of the AIS represent actions, possible or taken ,they might attack the system. Here 2 types of threats like internal and external. Management taken some preventions, that Can be Those can be avoided by using Risk Management can be defind as the body of methods aiming at identifying, checking , removing events that may effect the resource of the system. The body contains risk analysis, cost analysis,selection of mechanism, as well as overall assessment of the security. These risk analysis like following angles like quantitive analysis, quality analysis, workstation analysis. There are 2 ways of avoid the situation of risk, covering threats thats are mostly likely to occur, while preserving the initial checking methods, reducing the costs as to checking measures. Generally provides the Security Service management Supplier, they provide both security services and management thereof. Security management service will be conducted by Service Supplier. .

Implementing a new AIS system could prove to be beneficial or detrimen.docx

tristans3

Im creating a stack class using generics. what should my peek method look like ? I\'m just using a simple peek method, here\'s what i have thus far public class stack<T> { private ArrayList<T> stack = new ArrayList<T> (); private int top = 0; public int size () { return top; } public void push (T item) { stack.add (top++, item); } public T pop () { return stack.remove (--top); } public T peek() { } public Boolean isEmpty() { if (top == -1) return true; else return false; } } Solution Hi, I have updated peek() methd. Highlighted code changes. public class stack<T> { private ArrayList<T> stack = new ArrayList<T> (); private int top = 0; public int size () { return top; } public void push (T item) { stack.add (top++, item); } public T pop () { return stack.remove (--top); } public T peek() { if (isEmpty()) { throw new EmptyStackException(); } return stack.get(top); } public Boolean isEmpty() { if (top == -1) return true; else return false; } } .

Im creating a stack class using generics- what should my peek method l.docx

tristans3

ii)State whether you would expect the following Group 13 metal cations to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the cations in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. Al3+, Tl3+, Ga3+, Tl+ (iii) State whether you would expect the following Group 15 hydrides to act as Lewis acids or bases. Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest. Explain your answer. PH3, NH3, AsH3 Solution ii) The given group 13 metal cations will act as a Lewis acids , because cations are are electron deficient and act as a electron acceptor. Hard Acids are Lewis acid which are small in size and most likely are the light metal cation with high positive oxidation state like Al 3+ Soft Acids are Lewis acid which are larger in size and most likely are the heavy metal cation associated with low oxidation state like Tl 3+ Tl + Oder of cation from softest to hardest Â Â Tl + < Tl 3+ < Al 3+ (iii) The given Group 15 hydrides will acts as Lewis Base, because Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Arsenic has a lone pair of electron that it can donate. Hard Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are not easily polarizable like NH 3 Soft Base are Lewis base anions or neutral molecules which are easily polarizable like PH 3 and AsH 3 Order the hydrides in terms of softest to hardest AsH 3 < PH 3 <NH 3 .

ii)State whether you would expect the following Group 13 metal cations.docx

tristans3

IMF in Greece. Good or bad for the country? Why? Solution IMF is international monetary fund.It was established with the motive of promoting international monetary cooperation.It is good because: 1. It helps in abolishing the exchange restrictions among member nations. 2. It helps in maintaining balanced economic development of the member nations by poviding them monetary help. 3. It helps the member countries in making investment in profitable projects. 4. It offers monetary help to member countries in correcting the disequilibrium of balance of payment. IMF is bad because: 1. it is a club of rich countries only. it discriminate between rich and poor memebers. 2. it do not provides loan for developmental projects. it only gives loans for maintaining the favourable balance of payment. 3. it interferes in the domestic economies of member countries. while providing loan to member counties IMF put many restrictions. 4. IMF tried to maintain stability in price of gold but failed in achieving this aim. .

IMF in Greece- Good or bad for the country- Why-SolutionIMF is interna.docx

tristans3

2. What is a colloid? Why is it difficult to filter a colloid? 3. What is coagulation? What is peptization? 4. Why is the solution of AgNOs added slowly? 5. Why must a large excess of AgNOs be avoided? 6. Why must the silver chloride be protected from the light? 7. For simplicity assume that your unknown chloride is NaCl. Calculate how many mL of the 5% AgNO3 solution must be added to 0.4020 g of the NaCl sample to precipitate all the chloride. Note: 5% means that there are 5 grams of silver nitrate per 100 mL of solution. Solution 2) Colloid : Colloid is a dispersion of small tiny particles in a liquid.. In collods the tiny particles remain suspended in the solvent. rather than settling at the bottom. It is difficult to filter collodal solution because these tiny particles pass through the filter paper. 3) Coagulation : means the aggrigation of oppositely charged particles which settle down under the gravity. Peptization : It is a phenomenon of the formation of a colloidal dispersion from precipitation. 4)Addition of the AgNO3 be done slowly because the addition tends to yield large particles which makes filtration more efficiently .It also helps limit coprecipitation. 5)To avoid coprecipatation the excess of AgNO3 be avoided. 6)Silver chloride must be protected from light as it is unstable. Exposure to light it becomes greyish yellow . Hence, to avoid decompostion, it must be protected from light. .

2- What is a colloid- Why is it difficult to filter a colloid- 3- What.docx

tristans3

2. The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter) was one of two spacecraft in the Mars Surveyor 98 program, the other being the Mars Polar Lander (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Lander). The two missions were to study the Martian weather, climate, and water and carbon dioxide badget in order to understand the reservoirs, behavior, and atmospheric role of volatiles and to warch for evidence of long-term and episodic climate changes. The Mars Climate Orbiter was destroyed when a navigation error caused the spacecraft to miss its intended 140-150 km altitude above Mars during orbit insertion, instead entering the Martian atmosphere at about 57 km. The spacecraft was destroyed by atmospherie stresses and friction at this low altitude. A review board found that some data was calculated on the ground in Imperial units (pound-seconds) and eported that way to the navigation team, who were expeeting the data in metric units (newton-seconds). Calculate the conversion between Newton-seconds and pound-seconds. (Hint: pound is the force of 1 slug being accelerated at 1 foot/see2, and 1 slug is 14.59 kg.) s. (Hint: 1 pound is the force of 1 slug being accelerated at 1 foot/see, and 1 slug Solution 1 newtons = 0.224808942443 pounds hence 1 newton -second = Â Â 0.224808942443 pounds -seconds .

2- The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor 98 Orbiter) wa.docx

tristans3

2. Rank the following molecules based upon reaction with H:O/HSO. (Fastest reacting alkene first). d. iii >i> ii e. ii ili>i 3. Addition of hydrogen chloride to the following molecule would produce: CI Cl Cl CI HCI CI CI Cl IV a. I and II b. II and III c. I and IV d. III and IVe. V 4. Determine the starting material for the following reaction. 1, NaOEt, EtOH, heat 2. Hg(OAc)h. THF. heat 3. NaBHa Br 5. Identify the alkene with the largest molar heat of hydrogenation (most exothermic). Solution 2) option B is correct Explanation: Reaction of alkene with H2O, H2SO4 involves formation of carbocation as an intermediate. Benzyl cation is more stable so it reacts fastest then tertiary carbocation is more stable than secondary so structure III is faster than II. 3) option A is correct Explanation: Addition of HCl to alkene produces carbocation as an intermediate. Now, the nucleophile attacks the carbocation and produces racemic mixture of products. 4) option B is the starting material Explanation: NaOEt is a base which gives elimination reaction and produces alkene as product. Oxymercuration-demercuration of alkene with Hg(OAc)2, THF and NaBH4 produces more substituted alcohol which on further cyclization produces the required product. .

2- Rank the following molecules based upon reaction with H-O-HSO- (Fas.docx

tristans3

2. Match the arrows with the terms. Some arrows may be associated with more than one term. (X pts) 1. viny!7. sec-butyl13. methyl19. quatenary 2. allyl8.t-butyl 3. propargyl9. neopentyl_ 4. phenyl10. quarternary 5. benzyl11. isopropyl 6, primary amine 12. isobutyl ammonium ion 14. methylene 15. methine 16. primary_ 17. secondary 18. tertiary 20. tertiary amine_ 21. secondary amine entire group entire group entire group i entire group only the N NH2 NH only the atom only the atom entire only the group atom entire group r entire group Solution 1. Vinyl - o 2. Allyl- k 3. Propargyl - q 4. Phenyl - r 5. Benzyl - g 6. Primary amine - f 7. Sec-butyl - j 8. t-butyl - e 9. Neopentyl - b 10. Quarternary - a 11. Isopropyl - n 12. Isobutyl - d 13. Methyl - n 14. Methylene - l 15. Methine - m 16. Primary - p 17. Secondary - l 18. Tertiary - m 19. Quarternary ammonium ion - i 20. Tertiary amine - c 21. Secondary amine - h .

2- Match the arrows with the terms- Some arrows may be associated with.docx

tristans3

2. In each of the following pairs of substances, predict which one would have the higher boiling point (if done on this sheet, circle the correct answer): a) He or Ar c) GeH4 or SiH4 e) hexane or heptane b) Ar or N20 d) HF or HCI f) F2 or I2 Solution a) He or Ar: He and Ar are both noble gases and the only kind of intermolecularforces that exist in them are the london dispersion forces.The size of the atom increases as you go down the periodic table, and so will be the number of electrons. As number of electrons increase, the polarizability also increases, resulting in greater London Dispersion forces. So Ar which is down in the group has more london dispersion forces as compared to He and hence will have ahigher boiling. Ar has a higher boiling point. b) NO 2 or Ar: Ar, is a noble gases and the only kind of intermolecularforces that exist in Ar are the london dispersion forces. NO 2 on the other hand has a strong dipole which leads to dipole-dipole interactions along with london dispersion forces. These extra intra-molecuar forces bind NO 2 molecules together, making it difficult to break these bonds, there by leading to a higer boiling point, So NO 2 has higher boiling point. c) GeH 4 orSiH 4: Ge is below Si in the group which means that GeH 4 has more electrons than SiH 4. Therefore GeH 4 has more London dispersion forces and hence needs more energy to break these forces; leading to higher boiling point. GeH 4 has higher boiling point. d) HF or HCl: HF and HCl are both acids of anions from group VII (halides). However Floride is more electroegative comapred to Chloride. Being more electronegative the floirde is very strongly attracted to hydrogen than chloride would do. So it is more diffult to break an HF bond compared to HCl and hence HF has a higher boiling point. .

2- In each of the following pairs of substances- predict which one wou.docx

tristans3

2. The Reynolds number for a particular microchannel flow is found to be Re = 2. a. If all channel dimensions (length, width, and height) are reduced by a factor of 10, and the time required for a particle to traverse the length of the channel is invariant, what is the value of Re for the smaller channel? b. If the flow velocity is constant for both channels, rather than the time scale, what is the value of Re for the smaller channel? Solution Initial Case Re = rho*V*L/mu = 2 Time req to travel the distance t = L/V------(1) a) When dimensions are reduced by 10 L1, W1, H1 L1 = L/10 W1 = W/10 H1 = H/10 Time required to travel the distance L1 is t = L1/V1-----(2) Given 1 = 2 L1/V1 = L/V (Since L1 = L/10) V1 = 0.1*V Re = Rho*V1*L1/mu = (1/00)*rho*V*L/mu = 0.02 b) Now Velocity remains constant Re = rhi*V*L1/mu =0.1*rho*V*L/mu = 0.2 .

2- The Reynolds number for a particular microchannel flow is found to.docx

tristans3

21. Predicting Products Explain why the hydration reaction involving 1-butene might yield two distinct products, whereas the hydration of 2-butene yields only one product. List the type of organic reaction needed to perform each of the following transformations. a. b. alkyl halide alcohol c. alkvl halidealkene Classify each of the following organic reactions as substitution, addition, oxidation-reduction elimination, or condensation. a. 2-butene + hydrogenbutane b. propane + fluorine -2-fluoropropane hydrogen fluoride c. 2-propanol - propene +water d. cyclobutene + water - cyclobutanol Solution 1-butene is an unsymmetrical alkene (alkene double bond is between 1 st and 2 nd carbon atom of four carbon chain) and its hydration products are a mixture of 2-butanol and 1-butanol with major product being 2-butanol (Zaitsev product) whereas 2-butene is a symmetrical alkene (alkene double bond is between 2 nd and 3 rd carbon atom of four carbon chain) whose hydration product is one and only 2-butanol. Type of organic reaction a.) alkene to alkane --------> Hydrogenation reaction (addition of double bond) b.) alkyl halide to alcohol ---------> Nucleophilic substitution reaction (R-X bond converted to R-OH bond) c.) alkyl halide to alkene ---------> Dehydrohalogenation reaction Classify the organic reaction a.) Addition reaction (addition of H 2 ) b.) substitution reaction (substitution of one fluorine molecule with one hydrogen molecule) c.) oxidation reduction elimination reaction (elimination of water) d.) addition reaction (addition of H 2 O) .

21- Predicting Products Explain why the hydration reaction involving 1.docx

tristans3

20B Section Review 1. How can you tell the difference between solutes and solve nts in a solution when they are in the same state? 2. What are the properties of solutions? Which of these are shared with some heterogeneous mixtures? 3. What gas solutions are not possible? Why? 4. Why is water such an effective solvent? 5. Describe the three steps in the solution process. 6. How is dissociation different from ionization? 7. What kinds of substances does the term miscible refer to? What is true about the possible proportions of completely miscible 8. How does the pressure of a gas above a solvent affect the amount 9. How can an unsaturated solution become supersaturated with- 10. Which parts of the solution process are enhanced by stirig 11. (True or False) Solutions differ from most colloidal disersiols substances in solutions? of gas that dissolves in the solvent? What is this principle called? out any solute being added or any by heating? by crushing or grinding? in that their solute particles are uniformly dispersed. solvent being removed? Solution 1.One substance which is dissolved in another substance. Solvent is the one which dissolves the solute. When both are same state form homogeneous mixture of solution with different colour from it\'s individual. 2. Solutions are composition of 2 or more substances in liquid form. Heterogeneous solution is one which has different phases or parts dissolved in solution with different ratio. Visibly different colour or phase. 3. Here solvent is gas. Only gas solute only dissolve in this gas condition not solution(liquid form). So gas solution not possible. 4. Water is the one which has capable of dissolve variety of solute. It it polar in nature. Hydrogen has positive charge and oxygen gas negative charge for polarization. .

20B Section Review 1- How can you tell the difference between solutes.docx

tristans3

20pts) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using chlorine as a disinfectant and also name east two alternative disinfectants for drinking water treatment. Solution Advantages of chlorination 1. Chlorine is a powerful oxidizing agent thereby kills bacteria and fungi in water. 2. Chlorine is commercially available 3. Chlorine is very economical 4. chlorine is more cost-effective than other disinfection methods (except when dechlorination is needed and fire code requirements must be met). 5. The chlorine residual that remains in the discharged wastewater can prolong disinfection even after initial treatment and also provides a measure of the effectiveness. Disadvantages 1. The chlorine residual, even at low concentrations, is toxic to aquatic life and may require dechlorination. 2. All forms of chlorine are highly corrosive and toxic. Thus, storage, shipping, and handling pose safety risks. 3. Chlorine oxidizes organic matter in wastewater, sometimes creating compounds that could be harmful to humans and the environment. 4. The chloride content of the wastewater is increased. 5. Certain types of microorganisms have shown resistance to low doses of chlorine. 6. The long-term effects of discharging dechlorinated compounds into the environment are unknown. In addition to chlorination there are many methods. Few of them are 1. OZONALYSIS (Addition of ozone) 2. Boiling. (Boiling water is the cheapest and safest method of water purification.) .. .

20pts) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using chlorine as a.docx

tristans3

Más de tristans3 (20)