Beef and Dairy Address Environmental Quality and GHG Emissions
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How Beef & Dairy Will Deal with the Precautionary Principle? - Frank M. Mitloehner, PhD, Professor and Air Quality Extension Specialist, Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, from the 2014 NIAA Annual Conference titled 'The Precautionary Principle: How Agriculture Will Thrive', March 31 - April 2, 2014, Omaha, NE, USA. More presentations at http://www.trufflemedia.com/agmedia/conference/2014_niaa_how_animal_agriculture_will_thrive
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Beef and Dairy Address Environmental Quality and GHG Emissions
- 1. How shall Beef and Dairy Deal with the Precautionary Principle regarding Environmental Quality? NIAA, Omaha, NE, April 1, 2014 Frank Mitloehner, PhD Professor & Air Quality CE Specialist Dept Animal Science University of California, Davis
- 7. GHG & GWP Global Warming Potential (GWP) of Main GHG Carbon Dioxide, CO2 1 Methane, CH4 25 Nitrous Oxide, N2O 298 CO2 – Carbon Dioxide CH4 – Methane N2O – Nitrous Oxide
- 8. Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Flux
- 9. U.S. – the big GHG picture Source: EPA (2009)
- 10. “Livestock’s Long Shadow” (FAO, 2006) • “The Livestock sector is a major player, responsible for 18% of GHG emissions measured in CO2e. This is a higher share than transport”
- 16. 16 100200300400500 Indexnumber:1961=100 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Roots and tubers Cereals Meat Milk Eggs Per caput consumption of major food items in developing countries – kg per caput per year (index numbers 1961=100) Consumption is growing rapidly in developing countries Eggs Meat Milk
- 17. 17 Per capita GDP and meat consumption by country, 2005. 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 Per capita GDP (US$ PPP) Percapitameatconsumpion(kg/year) USA Japan China Brazil Malaysia Germany Ghana NorwayLithuania ... driven by incomes ...
- 18. Global livestock distribution FAO (2006)
- 19. Distribution of cropland FAO (2006)
- 20. MtCO2-eq Time (years) GHG by Regions
- 21. Production efficiency and pollution is inversely related 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 Output per cow, kg FPCM per year kgCO2-eq.perkgFPCM
- 22. More Milk Produced per Cow – Less Methane & Waste California Cow Mexican Cow 20,000 lbs/yr/cow 500 g 2000 gMethane Production 4,000 lbs/yr/cow
- 23. FAO (2010)
- 24. Emission Intensities (direct emissions from livestock) GTAP 2001 data base
- 25. Mitigation: interventions to improve productivity Gill et al. (2010)
- 26. US Dairy trends • Today, there are 9 million dairy cows in the US, 16 million fewer than existed in 1950. • Even though cow number have decreased dramatically (1950 versus 2013), milk production nationally has increased 60 percent. • The carbon footprint of a glass of milk is 2/3 smaller today than it was 70 years ago.
- 27. China Swine Example • China’s five year plan focuses on making farms larger and more efficient • Half of the world’s pigs live in China • 50 million sows w/ 20 piglets born alive • Equals annual production of 1 Billion pigs • Pre-weaning mortality causes 400 Million pigs to never make it to the market • One more pig per sow would mean 1 Million tons of feed saved
- 28. Sustainable Intensification is key! • Production intensity enhances biological efficiency • Production intensity and emission intensity are inversely related
- 29. Partnership on Livestock Environmental Assessment & Performance (LEAP) • Globally harmonized methodology for environmental footprints • LEAP = national governments, livestock industry, non-governmental and civil society organizations, leading researchers
- 30. Frank Mitloehner, PhD Air Quality CE Specialist Animal Science Department University of California, Davis (530) 752-3936 fmmitloehner@ucdavis.edu
Notas del editor
- As already mentioned, the livestock sector is large and growing rapidly. People in developing countries are consuming an increasing share of their diets in the form of meat, milk and eggs. While staple foods such as cereals and roots and tubers have declined as a share of the diet, per person consumption of milk has doubled, meat more than trebled, and eggs quintupled. Per capita consumption: Eggs: 5-fold increase Meat: 3-fold increase Milk: almost double This growth has been particularly striking since the 1980s, driven by rapid economic and social change. Rising incomes, urbanization and commercialization are transforming the demand for livestock products and hence the entire livestock sector.