Lhasa, Cultural heritage, Urban Transformation and Human Rights
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Lhasa, Cultural heritage, Urban Transformation and Human Rights
- 1. Lhasa community, world heritage and human rights -Amund Sinding Larsen Tryambakesh Kumar Shukla UEP, NTNU
- 2. Lhasa – History • Lhasa, a holy city for Buddhist. • Seat of Dalai Lama’s Political Power until 1959. • Was Largest Polity in Tibetan Plateau. • He constructed The Potala Palace and The Norbulingka Palace. • Physical and symbolic center of governance. • By 1950, Lhasa had an area of 1.5 sq. km surrounded by a “Lingkor”. • Population was 15,000. 1994 – The Potala Palace 2001- The Norbulingka Palace 2000 – The Jokhang Temple Circumambulation Route in Lhasa UNESCO World Heritage Sites
- 3. Lhasa – Chinese Control, Changing Urban form and Heritage Source: The Temples of Lhasa, Tibetan Buddhist Architecture from 7th to the 21st century. • People’s Republic of China took over Lhasa in 1951. • Resulted in demographic transformation. • Lhasa became crowded resulting poverty, lack of basic services. • Between 1995 and 2005, old traditional buildings were demolished and larger housing projects were started. • Out of 700 historic buildings, only 300 survived till 1995 and this number reduced to 50 in 2005. • Lhasa covers area of 80-90 sq.km in 2005, with population of 500,000 which comprises mostly the migrants. • Old Lhasa or Old neighborhoods are on verge of extinction.
- 4. The Barkhor: The circumambulation road around Jokhang. Tibetans going around Jokhang.
- 5. Buildings on Barkhor street Barkhor shopping mall
- 6. Old City district of Lhasa. Demolition work ouside Old Lhasa.
- 8. Impact on People of Tibet • Socio-cultural lifestyle • Religion and Religious Lifestyle • Education • Language • Economy • Sinicisation (Chinalisation)
- 9. World Heritage Impact • Recognition of Lhasa nationally and internationally
- 11. Discussion • What is the future of Lhasa? • Will Lhasa be able to maintain its cultural identity? • Who and what defines the cultural identity of Lhasa? • While planning cities, do these cultural characteristics of a city needs to be taken into account?