SlideShare una empresa de Scribd logo
1 de 13
Descargar para leer sin conexión
LAUNCHERONE: REVOLUTIONARY ORBITAL
TRANSPORT FOR SMALL SATELLITES
William Pomerantz, A.C. Charania, Steve Isakowitz, Brian Morse, Kevin Sagis
13 August 2013
2Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
VG Overview
• World’s first spaceline
• Privately funded US company, using US technology, and employing US
persons at US R&D and Manufacturing facilities
• Building and operating three vehicles:
– SpaceShipTwo (SS2): air-launched sub-orbital spacecraft for 8 passengers (2 crew, 6
customers). Designed by Scaled Composites / NG; Built by Virgin Galactic.
– LauncherOne (L1): air-launched orbital launch vehicle for small satellites (~500 lbs).
Designed and Built by Virgin Galactic.
– WhiteKnightTwo (WK2): Air-launch platform for carrying SS2 and L1 to 50,000 feet for
safe release. Designed by Scaled Composites / NG; Built by Virgin Galactic.
3Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
SPACESHIPTWO (SS2)
4Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
SpaceShipTwo (SS2) Mission Profile
5Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
SpaceShipTwo First Powered Flight
Proprietary 6
April 29, 2013
Release Altitude: 47,000 feet (45 minutes into flight)
Max. Altitude: 55,000 feet
Max. Speed: Mach 1.2 (Supersonic)
Engine Burn Time: 16 seconds
Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
LAUNCHERONE
7Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
LauncherOne (L1) System
• Small satellite launch vehicle designed by Virgin Galactic
– Utilizes the WhiteKnightTwo (WK2) carrier aircraft air launch platform (drop at 50kft)
– Carry ~200kg satellites into LEO for <$10M/launch
– Initial capability in CY2015, full commercial operations in CY2016
• Leverages Virgin Galactic commercial capability to distribute costs
• Delivers significant responsive launch capability
8Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
LauncherOne Overview
FIRST STAGE SECOND STAGE PAYLOAD
VG Proprietary
Approaches
• Designed to prioritize simplicity and functionality
• Two stage design minimizes complexity
• Mature liquid propulsion engines designed for low cost construction with extensive
development and test
• Simple, low-cost composites structure
• Simple and integral fail-safe Automated Flight Safety System
9Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
LauncherOne (L1) Initial
Commercial Customers and Partners
10Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
• Designed for easy integration of ESPA-class
payloads
• Configurable for dedicated primary or multiple
primary payloads
• Composite payload fairing with access doors
and RF window installation
• Scalable for various levels of service (e.g .
power, telemetry, etc.)
• Scalable for various CubeSat dispenser systems
(e.g. 3U, 6U, etc.)
• Draft Payload User’s Guide to be released in
2013
Preliminary Payload Accommodation
11Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
LauncherOne Value Proposition
• LOW COST
– Simple design with ample margin
– Technical demos early to lower risks before full-scale development
– Maximize use of existing assets to spread fixed costs
– Higher flight rate with combined USG/Comm’l market
• DEDICATED
– Fast, responsive integration with launch vehicle (rapid alternate to second payload launch)
– Reduce contract time to orbit
• EVOLVABLE
– Scalable capability for various payload classes
– Designed for nanosatellite launch for Cubesats
• COMMERCIAL SYNERGY
– Shares costs with existing and funded commercial development
– Syncs with National Space Policy on fostering commercial launch
– Supports future commercial applications
12Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
LauncherOne
Revolutionary Orbital Transport for Small Satellites

Más contenido relacionado

Destacado (11)

Virgin Galactic
Virgin GalacticVirgin Galactic
Virgin Galactic
 
Virgin Galactic//Spaceman Championship
Virgin Galactic//Spaceman ChampionshipVirgin Galactic//Spaceman Championship
Virgin Galactic//Spaceman Championship
 
Virgin Galactic Redesign
Virgin Galactic RedesignVirgin Galactic Redesign
Virgin Galactic Redesign
 
Virgin Galactics Presentation
Virgin Galactics PresentationVirgin Galactics Presentation
Virgin Galactics Presentation
 
Virgin galactic
Virgin galacticVirgin galactic
Virgin galactic
 
Richard Branson leadership style
Richard Branson leadership styleRichard Branson leadership style
Richard Branson leadership style
 
Sir Richard Branson Profiles Of Leadership
Sir Richard Branson Profiles Of LeadershipSir Richard Branson Profiles Of Leadership
Sir Richard Branson Profiles Of Leadership
 
Ss jet blue airways overview
Ss jet blue airways overviewSs jet blue airways overview
Ss jet blue airways overview
 
Nigeria plane crashes
Nigeria plane crashesNigeria plane crashes
Nigeria plane crashes
 
Leadership Comparison Between Richard Branson And Bill Gates
Leadership Comparison Between Richard Branson And Bill GatesLeadership Comparison Between Richard Branson And Bill Gates
Leadership Comparison Between Richard Branson And Bill Gates
 
Global Strategy Assignment
Global Strategy AssignmentGlobal Strategy Assignment
Global Strategy Assignment
 

Similar a LauncherOne Virgin Galactic 2013

Commercial Crew Program status-update-1-9-13
Commercial Crew Program status-update-1-9-13Commercial Crew Program status-update-1-9-13
Commercial Crew Program status-update-1-9-13
Dmitry Tseitlin
 
Rust.randy
Rust.randyRust.randy
Rust.randy
NASAPMC
 
Briefing - The Atlast V Aft Bulkhead Carrier Update - Past Missions, Upcoming...
Briefing - The Atlast V Aft Bulkhead Carrier Update - Past Missions, Upcoming...Briefing - The Atlast V Aft Bulkhead Carrier Update - Past Missions, Upcoming...
Briefing - The Atlast V Aft Bulkhead Carrier Update - Past Missions, Upcoming...
Dave Callen
 
Jonathan.firth
Jonathan.firthJonathan.firth
Jonathan.firth
NASAPMC
 

Similar a LauncherOne Virgin Galactic 2013 (20)

OceanicSpring 2008
OceanicSpring 2008OceanicSpring 2008
OceanicSpring 2008
 
Commercial Crew Program status-update-1-9-13
Commercial Crew Program status-update-1-9-13Commercial Crew Program status-update-1-9-13
Commercial Crew Program status-update-1-9-13
 
Goddard 2015: Pamela Melroy, DARPA
Goddard 2015: Pamela Melroy, DARPAGoddard 2015: Pamela Melroy, DARPA
Goddard 2015: Pamela Melroy, DARPA
 
NASA_CCO_status-2013 update
NASA_CCO_status-2013 updateNASA_CCO_status-2013 update
NASA_CCO_status-2013 update
 
Blue Origin: Powered by Rocket Fuel & AWS
Blue Origin: Powered by Rocket Fuel & AWSBlue Origin: Powered by Rocket Fuel & AWS
Blue Origin: Powered by Rocket Fuel & AWS
 
GPS II F12
GPS II F12GPS II F12
GPS II F12
 
LauncherOne revolutionary orbital transport for small satellites
LauncherOne  revolutionary orbital transport for small satellitesLauncherOne  revolutionary orbital transport for small satellites
LauncherOne revolutionary orbital transport for small satellites
 
Introduction to SSTL
Introduction to SSTLIntroduction to SSTL
Introduction to SSTL
 
Eit norsk romfartseventyr @ First Tuesday Bergen
Eit norsk romfartseventyr @ First Tuesday BergenEit norsk romfartseventyr @ First Tuesday Bergen
Eit norsk romfartseventyr @ First Tuesday Bergen
 
A Container Stack for Openstack - OpenStack Silicon Valley
A Container Stack for Openstack - OpenStack Silicon ValleyA Container Stack for Openstack - OpenStack Silicon Valley
A Container Stack for Openstack - OpenStack Silicon Valley
 
Rust.randy
Rust.randyRust.randy
Rust.randy
 
Analytical Survey Report
Analytical Survey ReportAnalytical Survey Report
Analytical Survey Report
 
ARROW_Brochure-US-06.28.21.pdf
ARROW_Brochure-US-06.28.21.pdfARROW_Brochure-US-06.28.21.pdf
ARROW_Brochure-US-06.28.21.pdf
 
Display case display
Display case displayDisplay case display
Display case display
 
tech-13E.pdf
tech-13E.pdftech-13E.pdf
tech-13E.pdf
 
Briefing - The Atlast V Aft Bulkhead Carrier Update - Past Missions, Upcoming...
Briefing - The Atlast V Aft Bulkhead Carrier Update - Past Missions, Upcoming...Briefing - The Atlast V Aft Bulkhead Carrier Update - Past Missions, Upcoming...
Briefing - The Atlast V Aft Bulkhead Carrier Update - Past Missions, Upcoming...
 
Von Braun Symposium 2008: SpaceX
Von Braun Symposium 2008: SpaceXVon Braun Symposium 2008: SpaceX
Von Braun Symposium 2008: SpaceX
 
OpenStack Toronto: Juno Community Update
OpenStack Toronto: Juno Community UpdateOpenStack Toronto: Juno Community Update
OpenStack Toronto: Juno Community Update
 
Jonathan.firth
Jonathan.firthJonathan.firth
Jonathan.firth
 
VIVA VOCE NORZILA NOH 0008908 - 10122021.pptx
VIVA VOCE NORZILA NOH 0008908 - 10122021.pptxVIVA VOCE NORZILA NOH 0008908 - 10122021.pptx
VIVA VOCE NORZILA NOH 0008908 - 10122021.pptx
 

Más de Dmitry Tseitlin

Постановление Правительства "О реализации национальной технологической иниц...
Постановление Правительства "О реализации национальной технологической иниц...Постановление Правительства "О реализации национальной технологической иниц...
Постановление Правительства "О реализации национальной технологической иниц...
Dmitry Tseitlin
 
Cоздание сверхтяжелых РН для исследования и освоения Луны и Марса - прошлое, ...
Cоздание сверхтяжелых РН для исследования и освоения Луны и Марса - прошлое, ...Cоздание сверхтяжелых РН для исследования и освоения Луны и Марса - прошлое, ...
Cоздание сверхтяжелых РН для исследования и освоения Луны и Марса - прошлое, ...
Dmitry Tseitlin
 
Ракета космического назначения «Зенит 3SL» для программы «Морской Старт» В.М...
Ракета космического назначения «Зенит 3SL» для программы «Морской Старт» В.М...Ракета космического назначения «Зенит 3SL» для программы «Морской Старт» В.М...
Ракета космического назначения «Зенит 3SL» для программы «Морской Старт» В.М...
Dmitry Tseitlin
 

Más de Dmitry Tseitlin (20)

Ton Tlegram Open Network
Ton Tlegram Open NetworkTon Tlegram Open Network
Ton Tlegram Open Network
 
Marinet en 2017
Marinet en 2017Marinet en 2017
Marinet en 2017
 
State of innovation Thomson Reuters 2016
State of innovation Thomson Reuters 2016 State of innovation Thomson Reuters 2016
State of innovation Thomson Reuters 2016
 
Clarity from above PWC 2016
Clarity from above PWC 2016Clarity from above PWC 2016
Clarity from above PWC 2016
 
Отчет Фонд Сколково 25 апреля 2011
Отчет Фонд Сколково 25 апреля 2011Отчет Фонд Сколково 25 апреля 2011
Отчет Фонд Сколково 25 апреля 2011
 
Technology roadmap highlights_report 2015
Technology roadmap highlights_report 2015Technology roadmap highlights_report 2015
Technology roadmap highlights_report 2015
 
IGS Low cost access to space April 2016
IGS Low cost access to space April 2016IGS Low cost access to space April 2016
IGS Low cost access to space April 2016
 
Satellite technologies in UK agriculture 2015
Satellite technologies in UK agriculture 2015Satellite technologies in UK agriculture 2015
Satellite technologies in UK agriculture 2015
 
A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight Philip Lubin Physics Dept, UC Santa Barbara ...
A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight Philip Lubin Physics Dept, UC Santa Barbara ...A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight Philip Lubin Physics Dept, UC Santa Barbara ...
A Roadmap to Interstellar Flight Philip Lubin Physics Dept, UC Santa Barbara ...
 
Постановление Правительства "О реализации национальной технологической иниц...
Постановление Правительства "О реализации национальной технологической иниц...Постановление Правительства "О реализации национальной технологической иниц...
Постановление Правительства "О реализации национальной технологической иниц...
 
ESA - 2013 space transportation
ESA - 2013 space transportation ESA - 2013 space transportation
ESA - 2013 space transportation
 
Результаты РФФИ 2015
Результаты РФФИ 2015 Результаты РФФИ 2015
Результаты РФФИ 2015
 
Cоздание сверхтяжелых РН для исследования и освоения Луны и Марса - прошлое, ...
Cоздание сверхтяжелых РН для исследования и освоения Луны и Марса - прошлое, ...Cоздание сверхтяжелых РН для исследования и освоения Луны и Марса - прошлое, ...
Cоздание сверхтяжелых РН для исследования и освоения Луны и Марса - прошлое, ...
 
Ракета космического назначения «Зенит 3SL» для программы «Морской Старт» В.М...
Ракета космического назначения «Зенит 3SL» для программы «Морской Старт» В.М...Ракета космического назначения «Зенит 3SL» для программы «Морской Старт» В.М...
Ракета космического назначения «Зенит 3SL» для программы «Морской Старт» В.М...
 
Space Works Nano Microsatellite Market forecast 2016
Space Works Nano Microsatellite Market forecast 2016Space Works Nano Microsatellite Market forecast 2016
Space Works Nano Microsatellite Market forecast 2016
 
WIPO Global Innovation Index 2015
WIPO Global Innovation Index 2015WIPO Global Innovation Index 2015
WIPO Global Innovation Index 2015
 
Agritech Funder Investing report 2015
Agritech Funder Investing report 2015Agritech Funder Investing report 2015
Agritech Funder Investing report 2015
 
High technology entrepreneurs and the patent system. 2008 Berkeley
High technology entrepreneurs and the patent system. 2008 BerkeleyHigh technology entrepreneurs and the patent system. 2008 Berkeley
High technology entrepreneurs and the patent system. 2008 Berkeley
 
Start-up Space Tauri Group 2016 -
Start-up Space Tauri Group 2016 -Start-up Space Tauri Group 2016 -
Start-up Space Tauri Group 2016 -
 
SolarCity Analysts Day_2015
SolarCity Analysts Day_2015SolarCity Analysts Day_2015
SolarCity Analysts Day_2015
 

Último

Tales from a Passkey Provider Progress from Awareness to Implementation.pptx
Tales from a Passkey Provider  Progress from Awareness to Implementation.pptxTales from a Passkey Provider  Progress from Awareness to Implementation.pptx
Tales from a Passkey Provider Progress from Awareness to Implementation.pptx
FIDO Alliance
 
Structuring Teams and Portfolios for Success
Structuring Teams and Portfolios for SuccessStructuring Teams and Portfolios for Success
Structuring Teams and Portfolios for Success
UXDXConf
 
Harnessing Passkeys in the Battle Against AI-Powered Cyber Threats.pptx
Harnessing Passkeys in the Battle Against AI-Powered Cyber Threats.pptxHarnessing Passkeys in the Battle Against AI-Powered Cyber Threats.pptx
Harnessing Passkeys in the Battle Against AI-Powered Cyber Threats.pptx
FIDO Alliance
 

Último (20)

Your enemies use GenAI too - staying ahead of fraud with Neo4j
Your enemies use GenAI too - staying ahead of fraud with Neo4jYour enemies use GenAI too - staying ahead of fraud with Neo4j
Your enemies use GenAI too - staying ahead of fraud with Neo4j
 
Easier, Faster, and More Powerful – Notes Document Properties Reimagined
Easier, Faster, and More Powerful – Notes Document Properties ReimaginedEasier, Faster, and More Powerful – Notes Document Properties Reimagined
Easier, Faster, and More Powerful – Notes Document Properties Reimagined
 
Human Expert Website Manual WCAG 2.0 2.1 2.2 Audit - Digital Accessibility Au...
Human Expert Website Manual WCAG 2.0 2.1 2.2 Audit - Digital Accessibility Au...Human Expert Website Manual WCAG 2.0 2.1 2.2 Audit - Digital Accessibility Au...
Human Expert Website Manual WCAG 2.0 2.1 2.2 Audit - Digital Accessibility Au...
 
Continuing Bonds Through AI: A Hermeneutic Reflection on Thanabots
Continuing Bonds Through AI: A Hermeneutic Reflection on ThanabotsContinuing Bonds Through AI: A Hermeneutic Reflection on Thanabots
Continuing Bonds Through AI: A Hermeneutic Reflection on Thanabots
 
Working together SRE & Platform Engineering
Working together SRE & Platform EngineeringWorking together SRE & Platform Engineering
Working together SRE & Platform Engineering
 
Using IESVE for Room Loads Analysis - UK & Ireland
Using IESVE for Room Loads Analysis - UK & IrelandUsing IESVE for Room Loads Analysis - UK & Ireland
Using IESVE for Room Loads Analysis - UK & Ireland
 
FDO for Camera, Sensor and Networking Device – Commercial Solutions from VinC...
FDO for Camera, Sensor and Networking Device – Commercial Solutions from VinC...FDO for Camera, Sensor and Networking Device – Commercial Solutions from VinC...
FDO for Camera, Sensor and Networking Device – Commercial Solutions from VinC...
 
Collecting & Temporal Analysis of Behavioral Web Data - Tales From The Inside
Collecting & Temporal Analysis of Behavioral Web Data - Tales From The InsideCollecting & Temporal Analysis of Behavioral Web Data - Tales From The Inside
Collecting & Temporal Analysis of Behavioral Web Data - Tales From The Inside
 
Tales from a Passkey Provider Progress from Awareness to Implementation.pptx
Tales from a Passkey Provider  Progress from Awareness to Implementation.pptxTales from a Passkey Provider  Progress from Awareness to Implementation.pptx
Tales from a Passkey Provider Progress from Awareness to Implementation.pptx
 
AI mind or machine power point presentation
AI mind or machine power point presentationAI mind or machine power point presentation
AI mind or machine power point presentation
 
Structuring Teams and Portfolios for Success
Structuring Teams and Portfolios for SuccessStructuring Teams and Portfolios for Success
Structuring Teams and Portfolios for Success
 
Simplified FDO Manufacturing Flow with TPMs _ Liam at Infineon.pdf
Simplified FDO Manufacturing Flow with TPMs _ Liam at Infineon.pdfSimplified FDO Manufacturing Flow with TPMs _ Liam at Infineon.pdf
Simplified FDO Manufacturing Flow with TPMs _ Liam at Infineon.pdf
 
Event-Driven Architecture Masterclass: Integrating Distributed Data Stores Ac...
Event-Driven Architecture Masterclass: Integrating Distributed Data Stores Ac...Event-Driven Architecture Masterclass: Integrating Distributed Data Stores Ac...
Event-Driven Architecture Masterclass: Integrating Distributed Data Stores Ac...
 
Google I/O Extended 2024 Warsaw
Google I/O Extended 2024 WarsawGoogle I/O Extended 2024 Warsaw
Google I/O Extended 2024 Warsaw
 
ADP Passwordless Journey Case Study.pptx
ADP Passwordless Journey Case Study.pptxADP Passwordless Journey Case Study.pptx
ADP Passwordless Journey Case Study.pptx
 
Harnessing Passkeys in the Battle Against AI-Powered Cyber Threats.pptx
Harnessing Passkeys in the Battle Against AI-Powered Cyber Threats.pptxHarnessing Passkeys in the Battle Against AI-Powered Cyber Threats.pptx
Harnessing Passkeys in the Battle Against AI-Powered Cyber Threats.pptx
 
Where to Learn More About FDO _ Richard at FIDO Alliance.pdf
Where to Learn More About FDO _ Richard at FIDO Alliance.pdfWhere to Learn More About FDO _ Richard at FIDO Alliance.pdf
Where to Learn More About FDO _ Richard at FIDO Alliance.pdf
 
Microsoft CSP Briefing Pre-Engagement - Questionnaire
Microsoft CSP Briefing Pre-Engagement - QuestionnaireMicrosoft CSP Briefing Pre-Engagement - Questionnaire
Microsoft CSP Briefing Pre-Engagement - Questionnaire
 
Introduction to FDO and How It works Applications _ Richard at FIDO Alliance.pdf
Introduction to FDO and How It works Applications _ Richard at FIDO Alliance.pdfIntroduction to FDO and How It works Applications _ Richard at FIDO Alliance.pdf
Introduction to FDO and How It works Applications _ Richard at FIDO Alliance.pdf
 
Event-Driven Architecture Masterclass: Challenges in Stream Processing
Event-Driven Architecture Masterclass: Challenges in Stream ProcessingEvent-Driven Architecture Masterclass: Challenges in Stream Processing
Event-Driven Architecture Masterclass: Challenges in Stream Processing
 

LauncherOne Virgin Galactic 2013

  • 1.
  • 2. LAUNCHERONE: REVOLUTIONARY ORBITAL TRANSPORT FOR SMALL SATELLITES William Pomerantz, A.C. Charania, Steve Isakowitz, Brian Morse, Kevin Sagis 13 August 2013 2Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
  • 3. VG Overview • World’s first spaceline • Privately funded US company, using US technology, and employing US persons at US R&D and Manufacturing facilities • Building and operating three vehicles: – SpaceShipTwo (SS2): air-launched sub-orbital spacecraft for 8 passengers (2 crew, 6 customers). Designed by Scaled Composites / NG; Built by Virgin Galactic. – LauncherOne (L1): air-launched orbital launch vehicle for small satellites (~500 lbs). Designed and Built by Virgin Galactic. – WhiteKnightTwo (WK2): Air-launch platform for carrying SS2 and L1 to 50,000 feet for safe release. Designed by Scaled Composites / NG; Built by Virgin Galactic. 3Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
  • 5. SpaceShipTwo (SS2) Mission Profile 5Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
  • 6. SpaceShipTwo First Powered Flight Proprietary 6 April 29, 2013 Release Altitude: 47,000 feet (45 minutes into flight) Max. Altitude: 55,000 feet Max. Speed: Mach 1.2 (Supersonic) Engine Burn Time: 16 seconds Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
  • 8. LauncherOne (L1) System • Small satellite launch vehicle designed by Virgin Galactic – Utilizes the WhiteKnightTwo (WK2) carrier aircraft air launch platform (drop at 50kft) – Carry ~200kg satellites into LEO for <$10M/launch – Initial capability in CY2015, full commercial operations in CY2016 • Leverages Virgin Galactic commercial capability to distribute costs • Delivers significant responsive launch capability 8Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
  • 9. LauncherOne Overview FIRST STAGE SECOND STAGE PAYLOAD VG Proprietary Approaches • Designed to prioritize simplicity and functionality • Two stage design minimizes complexity • Mature liquid propulsion engines designed for low cost construction with extensive development and test • Simple, low-cost composites structure • Simple and integral fail-safe Automated Flight Safety System 9Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
  • 10. LauncherOne (L1) Initial Commercial Customers and Partners 10Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
  • 11. • Designed for easy integration of ESPA-class payloads • Configurable for dedicated primary or multiple primary payloads • Composite payload fairing with access doors and RF window installation • Scalable for various levels of service (e.g . power, telemetry, etc.) • Scalable for various CubeSat dispenser systems (e.g. 3U, 6U, etc.) • Draft Payload User’s Guide to be released in 2013 Preliminary Payload Accommodation 11Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data
  • 12. LauncherOne Value Proposition • LOW COST – Simple design with ample margin – Technical demos early to lower risks before full-scale development – Maximize use of existing assets to spread fixed costs – Higher flight rate with combined USG/Comm’l market • DEDICATED – Fast, responsive integration with launch vehicle (rapid alternate to second payload launch) – Reduce contract time to orbit • EVOLVABLE – Scalable capability for various payload classes – Designed for nanosatellite launch for Cubesats • COMMERCIAL SYNERGY – Shares costs with existing and funded commercial development – Syncs with National Space Policy on fostering commercial launch – Supports future commercial applications 12Virgin Galactic, LLC Proprietary Data