A brief description of phylum chordata of about 10 slides.

1. Biology Project:
CHORDATA
By: VAIBHAV PATEL
SUPREET PANDA
ANSHUMAN NAYAK

2. Phylum Chordata
 Animals possessing notochord either thought life or during early
embryonic life. The notochord is stiff & flexible rod lying ventral to nerve
 Are triploblastic
 Are coelomate
 Are bilaterally symmetrical
 Have post anal tail
 Closed circulatory system
 Have dorsal hollow nerve cord
 Paired pharyngeal gill slits
 3 sub phylum: 1. Urochordata or Tunicata
2. Cephalochordata
3. Vertebrata.

3. Protochordata Vertebrata

4. Class Cyctostomata
 E.g.: Lamprey (petromyzen) & Hagfish (myxine)
 Parasites on fishes
 Elongated body have 6-14 pair of gill slits for respiration
 Sucking & circular mouth
 No functional pineal eye
 Single sex organ discharges gametes in coelomate
 Cranium & vertebral column – cartilaginous
 Persistent notochord
 Heart surrounded by a cartilaginous capsule
 Have marine habitat
 Migrate into river for spawning
 Ammocoete larva hatches out from eggs through
metamorphosis that migrate into oceans


5. Class Chondrichthyes
 Marine fishes
 Cartilaginous Endoskeleton
 5 pairs of gills slits without
gill cover
 No swim bladder
 Mouth ventral
 Viviparous fertilization
internal
 Some like ray fish have
electric organ, sting in sting
ray
Class Osteichthyes
 Fresh / marine fishes
 Bony endoskeleton 7 pairs
of gill slits with gill cover –
operculum
 Swim bladder present
 Mouth terminal
 Oviparous fertilization
external
 No such electric organ
present

6. Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes

7. Class Amphibian
 2 phases in life cycle: adult & larvae
 Larva is aquatic & adult is terrestrial
 Require water for breeding, fertilisation is external
 2 pairs of limbs
 Body divided into head & trunk but no neck present
 Moist skin without scales
 A tympanum replace the ear
 Alimentary canal, urinary and reproductive tracts open into a common
chamber called cloaca which opens to the exterior
 Heart: 3 chambered, 2 auricles & 1 ventecial
 Are cold blooded
 Respiration in tapoles: gills, adults: lungs & skin, some breath through gills
in adult stage too
 Sexes are separate

8. Condt……
 Eg :- toad
 Frog
 Salamander
 Limbless amphibian

11. Class Reptilian
 Crawling animals
 Body covered by dry, cornfied skin that contain epidermal scales
 Post and tail present
 No external ear openings
 2 pair of limbs with 5 digits in each
 Cold blooded
 Heart: 3 chambered
 Are carnivorous
 Snakes & lizard shed their scales
 Internal fertilization
 E.g.: Turtle (Chelna), Lizard (Hemidadyles)

13. Class Aves
 Streamlined body
 Body has head, trunk & a pair of limbs
 Body covered with feather
 Forelimbs convert into feather
 Bones are hollow
 Are warm blooded
 Heart: 4 chambered
 No teeth in mouth
 Alimentary canal has crop & gizzard
 Have sharp eyesight
 Oil gland present at the base of tail
 Are oviparous
 Eg :- Crow Parrot Owl

14. Class Mammalia
 Found in a variety of habitats
 Have milk producing mammary glands
 Skin has hair
 Have 2 pairs of pentaductile limbs having nails or claws at the apex
 Have external ear
 Teeth are present
 Heart: 4 chambered, except Crocodile
 Diaphragm divided body cavity in upper chest and lower chest
 E.g.: Whale (Bulaenoptero), Monkey (Macau), Horse (Eques)