3. Every new born need’s

4. • Mining is extraction ore or minerals from
ground

5. • There are two types of mining
1)Surface mining
2)Subsurface mining(i.e U/G mining)

6. What is surface mining?
• Surface mining is a method of mining used to
extract minerals and metals which are near
the surface of the Earth.
• There are three basic types of surface mining.
1) Open pit mining
2)Strip mining
3)Quarry mining

7. • Shovel Dumper Technology.
• Dragline technology.
• In pit Crusher –conveyor-spreader
technology.
• Bucket wheel excavator ( continuous mining
technology)
• Rock breaker technology.
• Surface Miner technology

9. What is Surface Miner?
 It is continuously operating mobile opencast
machine.
It cuts consolidated soils and semi-solid rocks
with out drilling and blasting.
The cut material is pre-crushed and suitable
for belt conveying, loading and transporting.

12. Operations:
Surface miner operates:
 according to rock cutting technology.
 the cutting drum is provided with point attack picks.

13. Major advantages
• Direct excavation of hard material without need
for drilling and blasting.
• High productivity.
• Low cost for multi seam mining including hard coal
and overburden.
• Higher recovery rate of coal.
• Possibility to link the machine directly to
continuous conveyor transport systems.

14. Case study:
• Presently being used in Koyagudem OCP II of SCCL.
• Can work safely on a gradient of 1 in 10 ,however it
is only 1 in 4 gradient at KOCP II.
• Annual productivity of 2000 SM is around 2.00 MT
. It is different with other model of surface miners.
• Larger strike length of about 600m – 1000m and
widths of 300 m is suitable.
• At KOCP II wind rowing is done i.e. loading the
crushed coal by front and loader on to the trucks.
• Grade improved from F to E by this technology

16. What is Highwall Mining?
Highwall mining is a proven primary method
for mining coal from outcropping horizontal
seams.
It is a remotely controlled mining method.
In this method of mining, an unmanned
continuous miner is driven underground and
operated in front of the Highwall.

17. • When strip limits are reached by syrface
conditions
• When economic strip limits are reached.
• Transition from surface mining to U/G mining.
• Specific Highwall mining situations
-Contour Mining
-Open Cast Mining
-Trench Mining
-Augered Mining

19. Highwall Miner in operation

20. Requirements of Highwall Mining
• Competent coal.
• Competent immediate over burden. If OB is
not competent, coal may be left as roof.
• Coal seams dipping from -12 to +5 degrees.
• Relative flat seams, no faults.
• Coal seams thicker than 80cm.

21. Safety: Web and Barrier Pillars
• Web pillars ensures support of OB.
• Barrier pillars prevents cascading collapse.
• Barrier pillar typically every 10 to 20 drives.

23. Key Features
 Penetration up to 300 m
 Dip +5 to -12 degrees
 Production is up to 120,000 t/ month.
 70 to 80 % of coal recovery
 Operates with a 4/5 man crew per shift
 Low establish cost
 Personnel saftey
 Lower production cost than underground

25. Safety Features
Elevated cab with cameras
Above ground operation
Remote operation
Anchoring system
Methane sensors
Continuous monitoring of methane

26. High wall mining as a coal mining method:
 Increases mine-able reserves
 Mines coal cost effectively
 Maximum safety
 With minimum risk