11. EVOLUTION OF COLOR SENSE
In lower invertebrate animals
Photosensitive pigments
Scattered
Form optic spots or fovea
In some echinoderms
the photosensitive cells show surface protrusions known as
optic rods
In insects
12.
13.
14.
15. HISTORY AND THEORIES
Aristotle (in 4th century B.C.)
Sir Isaac Newton (in 1663)
George Palmer (in 1777)
16. Thomas Young (in 1802)
William Wollastan
Violet
Yellow
Red
18. TRICHROMATIC THEORY
3 types of cones with 3
different photopigments
Each cone is maximally
sensitive to one primary
color
Peak sensitivities occur
Blue at 445nm
Green at 535nm
Red at 570nm
19. THE OPPONENT THEORY
Ewald Hering
Trichromatic theory couldn’t
explain certain aspects
29. TESTS FOR COLOR VISION
In 17th century,
Turberville used color
naming tests.
In 1837 August
Seebeck used a set of
more than 300 colored
papers and let people
match.
30. In 1877, Holmgren
developed wool matching
test
Rayleigh color match
31. ANAMOLOSCOPES
In 1907 the Nagel
anomaloscope was
introduced and is still
known as one of the best.
Neitz anomaloscope
Pickford-Nicolson
anomaloscope
32. PSEUDOCHROMATIC PLATES
Dr. J. Spilling published the
first painted set of
pseudoisochromatic plates
In 1917, Ishihara Charts
33. LANTERNS
Edridge Green Lantern Test
Holmes-Wright lanterns:
Farnsworth lantern (Falant)
Beyne lantern
Giles-Archer lanterns
39. DAILY HANDICAP
A Sunburn can’t really be seen, only if the skin is almost
glowing.
If meat is cooked can’t be told by its color.
There is no difference between the colors for vacant
(green) and occupied (red).
Flowers and fruits can’t be that easily spotted
sometimes.
And you can’t tell if a fruit or vegetable is ripe or not yet.
Every electrical device which uses LED lights to indicate
something is a permanent source of annoyance.
Colored maps and graphics can sometimes be very hard
to decipher.
By far the biggest issue is matching colors and specially
matching clothes.
40. PROFESSIONAL HANDICAP
Air line Pilots
Air traffic controllers
Fire fighters
Police officers
Train drivers
Electrical/Electronic
Engineers
43. TREATMENT
The first eyeborg was created in England in 2003 by Adam
Montandon in collaboration with colourblind artist Neil
Harbisson
In 2007, Peter Kese, a software developer
from Kranj, Slovenia, made further developments to the
eyeborg by increasing the number of color hues to 360 and
adding color saturation through different volume levels.[5] In
2009, Matias Lizana, a student from Universitat Politècnica de
Catalunya developed the eyeborg into a chip as part of his
final year project.[6] The chip allows users to have the device
implanted and to hear colors beyond the limits of human
perception such as infrared and ultraviolet.[7]
he eyeborg works with a head mounted camera that picks up
the colours directly in front of a person, and converts them in
real-time into sound waves.[24] Neil memorised the
frequencies related to each colour: high frequency hues are
high-pitched, while low frequency hues sound bolder.