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Разумът в цивилизацията

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Vasil Penchev
Vasil Penchev
Educación
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Васил Пенчев Институт за философски изследвания Българска академия на науките Разумът в цивилизацията Към философско осмисляне на цивилизационния подход в историята
ȼɚɫɢɥ ɉɟɧɱɟɜ ɊȺɁɍɆɔɌ ȼ ɐɂȼɂɅɂɁȺɐɂəɌȺ Ʉɴɦ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ
ȼɚɫɢɥ ɉɟɧɱɟɜ ɊȺɁɍɆɔɌ ȼ ɐɂȼɂɅɂɁȺɐɂəɌȺ Ʉɴɦ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ʠˑ˗ˋˢ ʹͲͲͺ ʗː˔˕ˋ˕˖˕ ˊ˃ ˗ˋˎˑ˔ˑ˗˔ˍˋ ˋˊ˔ˎˈˇ˅˃ːˋˢ – ʐ˝ˎ˕˃˓˔ˍ˃ ˃ˍ˃ˇˈˏˋˢ ː˃ ː˃˖ˍˋ˕ˈ
ʏˎˡˊˋˢ˕˃ǡ ˔˝ˇ˝˓ˉ˃˜˃ ˔ˈ ˅ ˊ˃ˆˎ˃˅ˋˈ˕ˑ ː˃ ˍːˋˆ˃˕˃ǡ ˍ˝ˏ ʤˈˆˈˎˑ˅ˋˢ Ƿʟ˃ˊ˖ˏ ˅ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˢ˕˃dz ˔˝˜ˈ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ ˈ ˍˎˡ˚ ˍ˝ˏ ːˈˌːˑ˕ˑ ˑ˔ˏˋ˔ˎˢːˈǤ ʓ˝ˎˆˋˢ˕ ˒ˈ˓ˋˑˇ ː˃ ˄˃˅ːˋ ˋˊˏˈːˈːˋˢ ˓˃ˊˍ˓ˋ˅˃ ˙ˋ˅ˋˎˋˊ˃˙ˋˢ˕˃ ˍ˃˕ˑ ˋˊˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕ˈˎːˑ ˔ˎˑˉː˃ ˔ˋ˔˕ˈˏ˃ ˔ ˅˝˕˓ˈ˛ːˑ ˔˃ˏˑ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˋ˓˃ːˈǤ ʜ˃˛ˋ˕ˈ ˕ˈˎˈ˔ˍˑ˒ˋ ˇˋ˓ˢ˕ ˄˓˃˕ˢ ˒ˑ ˓˃ˊ˖ˏ ˅ ˇ˃ˎˈ˚ːˋˢ ˍˑ˔ˏˑ˔ǡ ˇˑˍ˃˕ˑ ˖ˈˌ˅ˎˈ˕-˃ː˃ˎˋˊ˝˕ ˃ː˃ˎˑˆˋ˚ːˑ ˏˑˉˈ ˇ˃ ˒˓ˈ˓˃˅ˢ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ːˋ ˅˓ˈˏˈ˅ˋ ˔ˍ˃ˎˋ ː˃ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˢ ˒˓ˑ˙ˈ˔ ˅ ˕˝˓˔ˈːˈ ː˃ Ƿˏˈː˕˃ˎːˑ˔˕ˋdzǤ ʙːˋˆ˃˕˃ ˑ˄˅˝˓ˊ˅˃ ˃ː˃ˎˋˊ ˋ ˕˝ˎˍ˖˅˃ːˋˈ ː˃ ˍˎ˃˔ˋ˙ˋ ː˃ ˗ˋˎˑ˔ˑ˗ˋˢ˕˃ – ʤˈˆˈˎǡ ʜˋ˙˛ˈǡ ʤ˃ˌˇˈˆˈ˓ǡ ʛˋ˘˃ˎ˚ˈ˅ – ˋ ˔˝˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ˕ˑ ˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˕ˋˈ ː˃ ː˃˖ˍ˃˕˃ ˊ˃ ˅ːˋˍ˅˃ːˈ ˅ ˓˃ˊ˖ˏː˃˕˃ ˔˝˜ːˑ˔˕ ː˃ ˙ˋ˅ˋˎˋˊ˃˙ˋˋ˕ˈǤ ʙːˋˆ˃˕˃ ˈ ˒˓ˈˇː˃ˊː˃˚ˈː˃ ˊ˃ ˔˕˖ˇˈː˕ˋǡ ˒˓ˈ˒ˑˇ˃˅˃˕ˈˎˋ ˋ ː˃˖˚ːˋ ˓˃˄ˑ˕ːˋ˙ˋ ˅ ˑ˄ˎ˃˔˕˕˃ ː˃ ˗ˋˎˑ˔ˑ˗ˋˢ˕˃ǡ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˢ˕˃ǡ ˕ˈˑ˓ˋˢ˕˃ ː˃ ˙ˋ˅ˋˎˋˊ˃˙ˋˋ˕ˈǤ ̹ ʑ˃˔ˋˎ ʓˋːˈ˅ ʞˈː˚ˈ˅ǡ ʹͲͲͺ ISBN 978-954-92145-3-6
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ʠʩʓʩʟʕʏʜʗʔ: ɋɴɸɡɴɬ ɧɚ ɞɭɯ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ³Ɍɪɢɚɞɚɬɚ´ ɏɟɝɟɥ – ɇɢɰɲɟ – ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ 1.1. ɑɚɫɬ VII, “Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɹ´ ɨɬ ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ 1.2. ɑɚɫɬ I, “ȼɨɥɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɜɥɚɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨ´ ɨɬ ɩɴɪɜɢ ɬɨɦ ɧɚ ³ɇɢɰɲɟ´ Ʉɚɤ ɛɨɝ ɢɞɜɚ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɚɬɚ ɞɢɪɹ ɜ ³Ɉɧɬɨɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɬɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ´ ɩɨ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɋɚɤɪɚɥɧɨ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨ Ɇɢɯɚɥɱɟɜ ɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɡɚ ɟɞɧɚɤɜɨɫɬɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɬɨ 3.1. Ɇɢɯɚɥɱɟɜɚɬɚ ɛɟɥɟɠɤɚ ³ɂɦɚ ɥɢ ɟɞɧɚɤɜɨɫɬ ɢ ɟɞɧɚɤɜɢ ɧɟɳɚ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ´ 3.2. Ɂɚɤɨɧɴɬ ɡɚ ɬɴɠɞɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ 3.3. ɋɴɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɧɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɞɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɚɬɚ´ ɢɥɢ ɤɴɦ ɟɞɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɧɨɬɨ ȼɪɟɦɟɜɚɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɨɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ Ⱥɪɯɟɬɢɩɴɬ ɧɚ ɬɪɨɢɰɚɬɚ ɢ ɱɟɬɜɨɪɢɰɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ Ʉ Ƚ ɘɧɝ 4.1. ³Ɍɪɨɢɰɚ´ ɢ ³ɱɟɬɜɨɪɢɰɚ´ ɩɪɢ Ʉɚɪɥ Ƚɭɫɬɚɜ ɘɧɝ 4.2. ³ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɴɬ ɡɚ ɱɟɬɜɴɪɬɨɬɨ´ 4.3. Homoousia Ɉɬ ³Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ´ ɩɪɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɤɴɦ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɉɨɞɯɨɞɴɬ ɡɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜ ³Ȼɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ ɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ 5.1.1. Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜ ³Ȼɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ 5.1.2. ȿɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɴɬ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ 5.1.3. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɴɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ 5.1.4. Ɉɛɪɚɬɴɬ ɤɴɦ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ɉɬ ³ȼɪɟɦɟɜɨɫɬ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬ´ ɤɴɦ ³ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɨɫɬ´ 5.2.1. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤɴɦ ɟɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹɬɚ 5.2.2. ɋɴɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ Dasein ɤɚɬɨ ɮɭɧɞɢɪɚɧɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ 5.2.3. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɟɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ³ȼɪɟɦɟ ɢ ɛɢɬɢɟ´ ɢ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɦ ɢ ɫɴɪɰɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɞɟɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɨɪɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ 5
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ 6. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɨ-ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ³ɛɚɜɧɨɬɨ´ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ l.d.) 6.1. Ƚɭɪɜɢɱ Ȼɪɨɞɟɥ Ʌɶɨ Ƚɨɮ Ʉɨɡɟɥɟɤ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɚɜɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɹɧɚ ³ɬɨɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ´ ɢ ³ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ´ 6.2. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɢ ɫɤɚɥɢ wavelet) ɤɴɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ 6.3. ɋɴɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ 6.4. Ȼɚɜɧɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ [l.d.] ɜ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɚɬɚ ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ Ⱦɟɛɚɬɴɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɜɴɡɝɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɋ Ʉɚɩɢɰɚ 6.5. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɢ ɢɡɜɨɞɢ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚɬɚ Ȼɟɥɟɠɤɢ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 6
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ͷǤ ʠʩʭʖʩʡ ʜʏ ʓʢʤ ʗ ʦʝʑʔʙǣ Dzʡ˓ˋ˃ˇ˃˕˃dz ʤˈˆˈˎ – ʜˋ˙˛ˈ – ʤ˃ˌˇˈˆˈ˓ ´Ⱥɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɥɨɦɚ ɬɚɦ ɤɴɞɟɬɨ ɫɴɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɧ ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɢ ɨɬ Ȼɨɠɢɹɬɚ ɜɨɥɹ ɨɬ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬ ɫɚɦɢɹ Ȼɨɝ ɚɡ ɫɴɦ ɩɨ-ɝɨɪɟ ɨɬ ɜɫɢɱɤɢɬɟ ɬɜɚɪɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɴɦ ɧɢɬɨ ³Ȼɨɝ´ ɧɢɬɨ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɢ ɩɨ-ɫɤɨɪɨ ɫɴɦ ɬɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɫɴɦ ɛɢɥ ɢ ɳɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɚ ɫɟɝɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɧɚɝɢ Ɍɚɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɚɦ ɢ ɫɟ ɜɴɡɡɟɦɚɦ ɧɚɞ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɚɧɝɟɥɢ ȼ ɬɨɡɢ ɩɨɥɟɬ ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɜɚɦ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɱɟ ɜɟɱɟ ɢ Ȼɨɝ ɦɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɢɝɚ ɫ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɟ ɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɨ ³Ȼɨɝ´ ɢ ɫ ɜɫɢɱɤɢɬɟ ɫɜɨɢ Ȼɨɠɢ ɞɟɥɚ ɡɚɳɨɬɨ ɜ ɬɨɹ ɩɪɨɥɨɦ ɦɢ ɟ ɞɚɞɟɧɨ Ȼɨɝ ɢ ɚɡ ɞɚ ɫɦɟ ɟɞɧɨ Ɍɚɦ ɚɡ ɫɴɦ ɤɚɤɜɨɬɨ ɫɴɦ ɛɢɥ ɧɢɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɦ ɧɢɬɨ ɨɬɫɥɚɛɜɚɦ ɡɚɳɨɬɨ ɬɚɦ ɫɴɦ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɜɚɳɚ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɧɟɳɚ Ɍɨɝɚɜɚ Ȼɨɝ ɧɟ ɧɚɦɢɪɚ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɧɟɠɟ ɫ ɬɚɡɢ ɫɢ ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɨɬɜɨɸɜɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɨɬɜɟɤɢ ɟ ɛɢɥ ɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɞɨɜɟɤɢ ɳɟ ɛɴɞɟ Ɍɨɝɚɜɚ Ȼɨɝ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɟɞɧɨ ɫ ɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɬɚɡɢ ɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɨɬɤɪɢɬɚ´ Ɇɚɣɫɬɟɪ ȿɪɤɯɚɪɬ. ɉɪɨɩɨɜɟɞ ³Ȼɥɚɠɟɧɢ ɛɟɞɧɢɬɟ ɞɭɯɨɦ ɡɚɳɨɬɨ ɬɹɯɧɨ ɟ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɨ´ Ɇɚɬ
[1] ³Ȼɨɝ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɚɡ ɢ ɚɡ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɟ Ȼɨɝ – ɞɚ ɫɦɟ ɬɴɣ ɩɴɥɧɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɱɟ ³ɬɨɣ´ ɢ ³ɚɡ´ ɞɚ ɫɦɟ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɟɞɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɟɦ ɢ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟɦ ɟɞɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɞɚ ɜɴɪɲɢɦ ɟɞɧɨ ɞɟɥɨ´ Ɇɚɣɫɬɟɪ ȿɪɤɯɚɪɬ. ɉɪɨɩɨɜɟɞ ³Ⱦɚ ɫɟ ɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɫ ɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɹ ɭɦ´ ȿɮɟɫ
[2] ȼɴɩɪɨɫɴɬ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɳɟ ɛɴɞɟ ɬɨɡɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɳɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢ ɞɚ ɦɢɫɥɢɦ ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɞɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɬɫɬɨɹɳɢ ɟɞɢɧ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɟɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ – ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɢ ɞɜɭɬɨɦɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ³ɇɢɰɲɟ´ Ɍɨɣ ɧɟ ɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɧ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɫɢ ɞɭɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɇɢɰɲɟ [†]
³Ⱦɜɟ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɦɚɥɤɨ ɢ ɧɢɬɨ ɟɞɢɧ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɜ ɛɨɝ´ +HLGHJJHU
ȼɴɩɪɨɫɴɬ ɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɠɞɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɤɚɤɜɚ ɟ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɱɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɨ ɬɧɨ ɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɦɭ ɤɴɦ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɚ ɧɟ ɤɴɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɬɟ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɢ ɧɟɳɚ ɤɚɤɴɜ ɟ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɢ ɩɪ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɥ 7
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ Ɉɛɚɱɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɳɟ ɨɬɤɪɨɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɜɨ ɟ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɜɴɩɪɨɫɴɬ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɫɟ ɜɢɠɞɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫ ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɢɦ ɤɴɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ - ɤɨɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨ – ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚ Ⱦɜɟ ɩɴɪɜɢɱɧɢ ɧɨ ɩɨɧɟ ɞɨɫɟɝɚ ɧɟɫɴɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɢ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɢ ɫɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɡ ɯɢɥɹɞɨɥɟɬɢɹɬɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɬɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚ ɜɤɨɪɟɧɟɧɚ ɜ
ɸɞɟɨ-ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɢ
ɝɪɴɰɤɚɬɚ
ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ
ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɣ ɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧ Ɍɴɤɦɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɚɬɚ ɟ ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɥɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɇɨɜɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɜɴɩɥɴɬɟɧɚ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɟɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɜɚɳɚɬɚ ɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɠɞɚɳɚ ɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ȼ ɪɚɦɤɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɴɪɜɚɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɟɧ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɥɢɝɢɛɟɥɟɧ ɢ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɧ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɜɚ ɞɚ ɭɫɜɨɹɜɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɢ ɧɚɜɴɬɪɟ ɤɴɦ ɫɚɦɢɹ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɜɬɨɪɚɬɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɟ ɧɚɩɴɥɧɨ ɧɟɩɨɞɨɛɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɦɭ ɟ ɱɭɠɞ ɜɪɚɠɞɟɛɟɧ ɬɨɣ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɜɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɚɤɨ ɭɫɩɟɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɬɴɪɫɢ ɨɬ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɨɬ ³ɫɭɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɬɨ´ ɢ ɫɴɭɦɟɟ ɞɚ ɧɟ ɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɧɚɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɦɭ ɟ ɜɴɧɲɟɧ ȼ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɫɴɫ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɝɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɬɹɥɨ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɜ ɩɴɪɜɢɹ - ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɚ ɧɚɪɢɱɚɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟɬɨ ɫɢ ɫɴɫ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɞɭɲɚ ɇɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɪɟɞ ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɩɨɞɨɛɟɧ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɚ ɟ ɛɨɝ ɉɪɟɞɢ ɞɜɚɞɟɫɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ɜ Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ ɳɟɲɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɦɢɫɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɨɫɧɨɜɟɧ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫ – ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɴɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɴɦ ɇɨ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɫɟɝɚ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɫɴɜɫɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ – ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢɢɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɂ ɜɫɟ ɩɚɤ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɬɹɫɧɚ ɢɧɬɢɦɧɚ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ Ɇɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɚ ɤɴɦ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɋɩɨɪɟɞ ɧɟɹ ɬɨ ɟ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɢ ɢɦɚ ɛɢɬɢɟ ɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɟ ɟɞɧɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɨ - ɟɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɯɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɛɟɡɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ [3] ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ Ɍɚɤɨɜɚ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɟɳɨ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɬɨ ɟ ɟɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ Ɇɢɫɥɟɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɫɚ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɳɢ ɫɟ ɡɚɩɨɱɜɚɳɢ ɡɚɜɴɪɲɜɚɳɢ - ɬɟ ɛɢɜɚɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɡɚɩɚɡɟɧɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɚɦɟɬ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɱɚɤɜɚɧɟ ɨɬ ɧɹɤɨɹ ɞɭɲɚ Ɍɚɤɚ ɞɭɲɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɱɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɂɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɚ ɫɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ³ɚɧɝɟɥɢ´ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɟɞɧɨ ɧɟɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟ ³ɂ ɤɚɤɜɨ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɢ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɟɥɢɬɟ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɫɚ ɬɜɚɪɧɚ ɚɥɚ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɇɹɦɚ ɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɧɹɤɚɤɜɚ ɦɟɠɞɢɧɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɨɪɚɥɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɢ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɞɚ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨ ɧɚɝɥɟɞ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɱɧɢ 8
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ WHPSRUD DHWHUQD)´ Ȼɨɹɞɠɢɟɜ
ɉɨ-ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ “la ORQJXH GXUée´, ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ´ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɬɚ – ɨɛɳɚɬɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɧɚ ³Ⱥɧɚɥɢ´ Ɍɚɤɚ ɫɟ ɨɱɟɪɬɚɜɚ ɟɞɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɚ ɫɟ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɚ ɧɟ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɮɚɤɬɢɬɟ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɚɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɚ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɬɟ ɫɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɧɨ ɨɫɜɟɧ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɨɛɯɜɚɳɚ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɢɬɟ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɬɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɛɟɪɟ Ɂɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɦɢɫɥɢ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɡɚ ɚɧɝɟɥɢɬɟ ɢ ɫ ɬɹɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɫɚ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɢ ³ɞɴɥɝɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢ´ ³ɛɚɜɧɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ´ ´WHPSRUD DHWHUQD´ ɋɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɬɟ ɟ ɱɟ ɫɴɨɬɧɚɫɹɬ ɡɚɩɨɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚɜɴɪɲɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɤɪɚɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɞɴɥɝɢɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ Ɍɚɤɚ ɜɪɴɡɤɚɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɹɥɨ ɢ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɨɬɤɪɨɹɜɚɬ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟ Ⱥɥɸɡɢɹɬɚ ɟ ɡɚ ɪɟɤɚ – ɧɚɩɪ ³ɩɨɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ´ - ɤɨɹɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɫɟ ɞɜɢɠɢ ɜ ɟɞɧɚ ɩɨɫɨɤɚ ɢ ɫ ɟɞɧɚ ɨɛɳɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬ ɧɨ ɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɧɟɹ ɢɦɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɩɨɫɨɤɚ ɫɴɳɨ ɢ ɜɢɯɪɢ Ɍɚɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɟɞɜɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɢɳɟ ɰɹɥɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɚɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ ɫɥɟɞɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɚɫɨɰɢɢɪɚ ɫ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɟɞɧɨ ɜɟɱɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟ ³ɂɫɬɢɧɫɤɨɬɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟ ɟ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ ɏɟɝɟɥ
ɚ ³ɢɞɟɹɬɚ ɞɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɧɚɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
ɇɨ ɬɚɤɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɬɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɹɜɹɜɚ ɫɩɪɹɦɨ ɰɹɥɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɩɨɹɜɹɜɚ ɫɩɪɹɦɨ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ [4] ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɴɬ ɧɚ ɬɚɡɢ ɩɨɹɜɚ ɟ ³ɞɭɲɚɬɚ´ ³Ɍɴɤɦɨ ɜ ɞɭɲɚɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɪɚɡɩɨɡɧɚɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɩɚɞɧɚɥɚ ɫɟ – ɧɚ ɦɢɧɚɥɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟ ɢ ɛɴɞɟɳɟ – ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬ´ Ȼɨɹɞɠɢɟɜ
[5]. ɋɥɟɞ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɜɴɜɟɠɞɚɧɟ ɜ ɟɞɢɧ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɛɨɝ ɧɢɟ ɛɢɯɦɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɧɟɫɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɧɚ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜɢɹ ³ɤɨɩɟɪɧɢɤɚɧɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬ´ ɜ ɨɛɫɴɠɞɚɧɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɡɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɜɴɩɪɨɫɚ ɡɚ ɛɨɝ ³ɫɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ´ ɩɨ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɧɢɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɤɚɠɟɦ ɧɟɳɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɢɬɨ ɢɦɚɦɟ ɫɢɝɭɪɟɧ ɩɴɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɡɚ ɧɚɜɥɢɡɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɢɬɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɢɦɚɦɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɭɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨɜɢɹ ɨɬɝɨɜɨɪ ɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɧɟ ɜɴɩɪɨɫɚ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɝ ɧɢ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɚ ɬɨɡɢ - ɤɚɤɜɚ ɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɛɨɝ ɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɨ ɢɦɚ ɇɚɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɛɨɝ ɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɬɚɜɚ ³ȼɴɩɪɨɫɴɬ ɞɚɥɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɜɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɢ ɟ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɜɴɪɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ³Ȼɨɝ ɟ´ ɤɚɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ ɫɟɝɚ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɡɚ Ʉɚɧɬ ɬɚɣɧɚɬɚ ɩɨɞɛɭɞɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɩɨɞɤɚɪɜɚ ɰɹɥɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɧɚ ³Ʉɪɢɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɢ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɜɚɳɢɬɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ´ +HLGHJJHU
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ Ɍɨɜɚ ɱɟ ³ɛɨɝ ɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ´ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ȿɬɨ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɨɬ ɬɹɯ 1. ³Ɍɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ɑɨɜɟɤ ɞɨɝɨɧɜɚ ɛɨɝɚ ³ɑɨɜɟɤ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɛɨɝ´ ³ɓɟ ɛɴɞɟɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɛɨɝɨɜɟ´ – ɬɚɤɚ ɟ ɨɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɥ ȿɪɢɯ Ɏɪɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɯɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟ
ɧɚ ɸɞɟɣɫɤɚɬɚ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɹ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɟ ɬɜɴɪɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɜ ɂɪɢɧɟɣ ɱɟ ɛɨɝ ɟ ɫɬɚɧɚɥ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɛɨɝ [6] ȿɞɧɨ ɨɬ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɦɢɹɬɚ ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɢɡɤɭɲɚɜɚ ɡɚ ɝɪɟɯɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɛɨɝɨɜɟ ɫɪ ɫ Ɏɪɨɦ -
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɬɟ ɫɚ ɧɹɦɚ ɞɚ ɭɦɪɟɬɟ ɳɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɟ ɛɟɡɫɦɴɪɬɧɢ
ɢ ɳɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚɬɟ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɨɬ ɡɥɨ Ȼɢɬɢɟ
ɋɤɪɢɬɨɬɨ ɧɟɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɟ ɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɳɟ ɫɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟɬɟ ɫɦɴɪɬɧɢ ɢ ɳɟ ɡɚɬɴɧɟɬɟ ɜ ɡɥɨ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɂ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɩɴɬɹɬ ɨɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɬɨ ɤɴɦ ɩɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɬɟ ɩɴɬɹɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɚ ɟ ɛɟɥɹɡɚɧ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɞɟɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɴɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɇɚɹɞɟɧɚɬɚ ɹɛɴɥɤɚ ɚɤɬɴɬ ɧɚ ɝɪɟɯɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɢɹɬ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɩɴɬɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɡɥɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɢ ɡɚɪɚɞɢ ɬɨɜɚ - ɬɴɪɩɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɹɪɚ ɩɨ ɩɴɬɹ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɦɢɧɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɢɡɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɬɨ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɜɢɧɚɝɢ ɢɡɛɴɪɡɜɚɳɨ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɡɥɨ ɧɨ ɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟ ɞɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɬɨ ɩɨ-ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɨ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɧɨ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ Ⱦɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɦɢɹɬɚ ɫ ³ɬɟɡɢ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɚɤɴɜ ɛ ɨ ɝ ɫ ɜ ɨ ɛ ɨ ɞ ɚ ɢ ɛ ɟ ɡ ɫ ɦ ɴ ɪ ɬ ɢ ɟ ´ Ʉɚɧɬ ɚ -) ³Ɇɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɫɤɚ ɰɟɥ ɧɚ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɫɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɬɪɢ ɢɞɟɢ ɛ ɨ ɝ ɫ ɜ ɨ ɛ ɨ ɞ ɚ ɢ ɛ ɟ ɡ ɫ ɦ ɴ ɪ ɬ ɢ ɟ ɬɚɤɚ ɱɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɟɞɟ ɞɨ ɬɪɟɬɨɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ´ Ʉɚɧɬ ɚ
Ⱦɚɥɢ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɨɬ ɡɥɨ ɂɥɢ ɩɪɟɦɢɧɚɜɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɡɥɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟ ɞɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɨ ɂɥɢ ɩɪɟɦɢɧɚɜɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟ ɞɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɇɟ ɟ ɥɢ ɨɳɟ ɫ ɦɢɬɚ ɡɚ ɝɪɟɯɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɞɟɧɚ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɟɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɪɚɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ-ɤɴɫɧɨ ɨɬ ɏɟɝɟɥ [7] Ƚɪɟɯɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɫɹɤɚɲ ɢɡɜɟɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɹ ɬɥɚɫɧɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɴɬɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɤɴɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɉɪɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɬɭɤ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɜɟɱɟ ɤɚɬɨ Ɍɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɞɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨ Dasein +HLGHJJHU
Ⱦɚɥɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧ ɤɴɦ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɜɚ ɱɟ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɬɟ ɤɴɦ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɛɴɞɟɳɟ ɧɚ ɛɨɝ Ȼɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɜɢɧɧɨ ɞɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɝɚ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɥ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɣ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɚɧɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɬɨɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬ ɢ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɛɨɝɨɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɚɥ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɨɛɪɟɤɴɥ ɫɟ ɧɚ
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɩɚɫɢ ɯɨɪɚɬɚ ɫɜɪɴɯɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɧɚ ɇɢɰɲɟ ɡɚ ɤɨɝɨɬɨ ³Ȼɨɝ ɟ ɦɴɪɬɴɜ´ [8] ɢɥɢ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɞɨɪɢ ɟ ɭɛɢɥ ɛɨɝɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɡɚɟɦɟ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɧɟɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ – ɧɟɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢ ɧɚ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ - ɧɚ ɛɨɝɨɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤɨɛɨɝ ɢ ɧɚɣ-ɫɟɬɧɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɬɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɢɹ ɡɚɜɚɪɟɧ ɧɨ ɩɪɢɩɨɡɧɚɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɬɨɪɢ ɫɢɧ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɪɴɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɴɤɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɢ ɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɬɨ ɢ ɜ ɤɪɚɹ ɤɨɥɟɝɢ ɫɴɪɚɬɧɢɰɢ ɬɜɨɪɹɳɢ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ - ɜ ɫɴɝɥɚɫɢɟ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɨɜɟ – ɤɚɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɋ ɬɨɜɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɹɜɚɣɤɢ ɫɟ ɢ ɩɨ- ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɫɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɛɨɝɚ ɢɡɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɫɴɬɜɨɪɟɧɚ ɞɚɞɟɧɚ ɧɚɝɨɬɨɜɨ ɞɚɪɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɚɪɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɫɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚ ɤɴɦ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɴɬɜɨɪɹɜɚɧɚ ɫɴ-ɬɜɨɪɹɜɚɧɚ ɨɬɝɨɜɨɪɧɨ ɢɡɪɚɛɨɬɜɚɧɚ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ³Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɫɴɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ´ ɏɟɝɟɥ
2. ³ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɴɬ ɟ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɚɧ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢ ɧɚɣ-ɞɨɛɪɟ ɨɬ Ɂɢɦɟɥ Ɂɢɦɦɟɥɶ 528-
ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ȼ ɟɞɧɚ ɤɚɧɬɢɚɧɫɤɚ ɧɚɫɨɤɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɫɬɚɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɹ ɧɟɳɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɯɨɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɭɛɟɤɬ ɬɚɤɚ ɱɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ – ɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɜɚ ɰɹɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɟɧɨɫɬ – ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɜɚ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɴɪɲɟɧɨɫɬ ɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɉɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɛɢɯɦɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɢ ɞɚ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɦ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɜ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɏɭɫɟɪɥɨɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɹɬ ɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɱɪɟɡ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɢɡɜɴɧ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɬɟ ɱɪɟɡ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ɱɪɟɡ ³ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ ɫɢ Ɍɨɣ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɢ ɛɴɞɟɳɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟ ɦɢɧɚɥɨ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɹɯɧɚ ɨɛɳɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɬɟ ɦɨɞɭɫɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɟ ɬɨɡɢ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɪɚɡɤɪɢɜɚ ɱɟ ɏɭɫɟɪɥɨɜɢɹɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɟɧ ɫɭɛɟɤɬ - ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɞɭɦɢ ɞɚ ɝɨ ɤɚɠɟɦ ³ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɹɬ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ - ɢ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɹɬ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɨɫɦɢɫɥɟɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢ ɟ ɟɞɧɨ ɢ ɫɴɳɨ ɉɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɹ ɫ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜɚɬɚ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɚɩɟɪɰɟɩɰɢɹ´ ɩɨ-ɝɨɪɟ ɢɡɤɨɜɚɯɦɟ ɧɨɜ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɱɢɹɬɨ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɫɬ ɟ ɬɴɪɫɟɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɚ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ Ɍɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ȼ ɧɹɤɚɤɴɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ Dasein ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɢɪɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ɫɢ ɚ ɱɪɟɡ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɞɭɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɩɚɫɬɢɪ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ´ ɫ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɴɳɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɚ ɱɟɪɬɚ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɝɪɢɠɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɜɴɧɲɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɡɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ 11
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ Ɇɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɤɚɠɟ ɱɟ ɡɚɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɧɚ ³ɧɚɣ-ɰɢɬɢɪɚɧɚɬɚ ɧɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɤɧɢɝɚ´ Ⱦɢɥɬɚɟɜɚɬɚ ³Ʉɪɢɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɟ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ ɨɬ ɏɭɫɟɪɥ ɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɇɨ ɩɪɢ Ⱦɢɥɬɚɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɰɹɥɨɫɬɧɨɬɨ ɦɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨ-ɫɤɨɪɨ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɟɞɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɝɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɞɨ ɝɨɥɹɦɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɩɨ-ɤɴɫɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧɚ ɨɬ ³Ⱥɧɚɥɢ´ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ´ ɡɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɩɨ-ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɜ ɨɬɛɥɴɫɤɜɚɧɟ ɨɬ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɞɟɢɬɟ´ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɬɟ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɬɟ ɧɚ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ´ Ⱦɢɥɬɚɟɜɚɬɚ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɝɥɟɞɢɬɟ´ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɬɴɪɫɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɝɥɟɞɚ ɧɚ ɯɨɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɜɥɚɝɚ ɜ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɫɴɜɫɟɦ ɧɨɜ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢ ɧɚɣ-ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɢɡɹɜɟɧ ɜ -ɢɹ ɬɟɡɢɫ ɡɚ Ɏɨɣɟɪɛɚɯ ³Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɬɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ ɫɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɚɥɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɚ ɧɚɣ-ɜɚɠɧɨɬɨ ɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɢ´ 0DU[ 8
ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɢɹɬ ³ɪɚɡɭɦ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɜɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɨ ɞɨ ɝɨɥɹɦɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɩɨɤɪɚɣ ɧɟɝɨ ³ɯɢɬɪɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɭɦɚ´ ɏɟɝɟɥ
ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɛɟɪɟ ɢ ɨɫɴɡɧɚɟ ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɝɨɜɢ ɨɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɢ ɢ ɨɬɬɭɤ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɞɚ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɥɹɩɨ ɞɚ ɢɦ ɫɟ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɜɚ – ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɹɤɚɤɴɜ ɛɨɝ ɫɪ ɢ ɫ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
. Ɇɚɤɚɪ ɡɚɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɞɚ ɛɟɲɟ ɢɡɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɚɦɥɢɜ ɟɞɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɣ- ɜɴɨɞɭɲɟɜɹɜɚɳɢɬɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɨɤɚɡɚ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɟ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɧ ³Ɂɚɤɨɧɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɜ ɧɚɣ-ɞɨɛɪɢɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɫɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɴɰɢ ɩɨ-ɫɥɨɠɧɢ ɢ ɨɬ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɧɨɬɨ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɴɜɟɫɬɧɨɬɨ ɦɭ ɞɨɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɳɟ ɦɢɧɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɳɟ ɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞ ɤɴɪɜɚɜɢ ɝɪɟɲɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɨɬ ɫɴɥɡɢ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɧɚɢɫɬɢɧɚ ɡɚɩɨɱɧɟ ɞɚ ɨɜɥɚɞɹɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɹ ɩɨɥɡɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟ ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɢɹɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ³ɪɚɡɭɦɴɬ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɫɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧ ɧɚ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɹɬ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɜɚ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɫɴɨɬɧɟɫɟ ɫ ³ɪɚɡɭɦɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭɱɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɚ ɦɭ ɩɚɪɬɧɢɪɚ ɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɞɚ ɝɨ ɨɜɥɚɞɹɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ 3. ³ɂɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ´ ɑɨɜɟɤ ɢɦɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɢ ɳɟ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ GXUée ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɧɚ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ @ ɋɚɦɢɹɬ ɫɬɢɥ ɧɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɜɟɥɢɤ ɮɪɟɧɫɤɢ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ -
ɧɟɭɥɨɜɢɦ ɢɡɩɥɴɡɜɚɳ ɫɟ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚɳ ɧɚ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ Lovgo ɬɚɤɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɟ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɦɢɪɚɧ ɨɬ ɏɟɪɚɤɚɥɢɬ ³ɟɞɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ´ ɫɪ ɫ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɫɴɳɨ ɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɢ ɫɥ
ɚ ɧɟ ɜɟɱɟ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɳɢɹɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɹɳ ɢ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɧɨ ɢɡɤɪɢɜɹɜɚɳ ɩɪɟɜɨɞ ³ɟɞɧɨ ɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ´ ³ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɱɥɟɧɹɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɧɨ´ ɢ ɧɚ Lovgo-ɚ - ɤɚɬɨ ³ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɟɞɜɚ ɥɢ ɧɟ ³ɢɧɬɟɥɟɤɬ´ ³ɚɧɚɥɢɡɴɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɬɨ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɩɨɥɚɝɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɜ 12
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɟ ɜɫɟ ɫɴɳɨɬɨ ɜ ɬɪɚɟɧɟɬɨ [ɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ] Ɍɭɤ ɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɨ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɚ ɞɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɬɚ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ Ɋɚɡɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɦɟ ɪɟɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɠɢɜɹɧɨɬɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɬɨ ɩɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɬɨ ɟ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɥɢɜɨɫɬ Ɋɚɡɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɦɟ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɱɟ ɬɨɣ ɟ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧ Ⱥ ɬɨɣ ɟ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧ ɩɨ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɹ ɛɢɞɟɣɤɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɩɪɨɫɬɟɧɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɨɛɢɤɧɨɜɟɧ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɫɧɢɦɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɹɳɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ´ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ -
Ɉɬɬɭɤ ³ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɴɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɟɬɨ ɨɛɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɚ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ´ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɟɧ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɢɡɪɚɡɹɜɚɧɟ ɫ ɞɭɦɢ ɱɪɟɡ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɛɨɪɚɜɢɦ ɫ ɧɟɳɚɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
@ Ʌɨɫɟɜ -
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɜɚ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɧɨ-ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɧɨ-ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ Ɍɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɟ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɨɬ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
[11] ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɦɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɫɧɢɦɤɚɬɚ´ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɟɧɚ ɨɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
Ɍɭɤ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ ³ɧɨɳɬɚ´ ɢ ³ɟɜɦɟɧɢɞɚɬɚ´ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɱɢɫɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɨ ɜɴɜ ɜɫɟɨɛɳɚ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ
ɋɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɚ ɨɬɬɭɤ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɱɪɟɡ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɩɪɢ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɟ ɫɹɤɚɲ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɥɹɝɚɧɟ tension) ɢ ɪɚɡɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ H[WHQVLRQ), ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɩɪɨɬɹɠɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
[12]. Ɂɚ ɧɚɫ ɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɱɟ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɧɢ ɞɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɹɫɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɞɚ ɦɢɫɥɢɦ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɨɜɢɬɟ ³ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹ´ ɢ ³ɮɨɪɦɚ´ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪɨɜɢɬɟ ³Dasein´ ɢ ³ɝɪɢɠɚ´ ɱɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɱɢɫɬɚɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɢɬɟ ³ɧɨɳ´ ɢ ³ɟɜɦɟɧɢɞɚ´ ɑɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ – ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɛɨɝ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɨɬɧɟɬɨɬɨ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɚɞɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɝɨɜ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɫɴɳɨ ɬɚɤɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧɟɬɨ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɱɪɟɡ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚ Ɉɬɧɟɦɚɧɟɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧɟɬɨ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ – ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɢ ³ɧɨɳɬɚ´ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ³ɞɹɜɨɥɴɬ´ ɧɚ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɤɢɬɟ ɜɹɪɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɨɣ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧɟ ɨɬɧɟɦɚɧɟ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɧɟɦɢɧɭɟɦɨ ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɴɬɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɧɚɥɢɹ – ɬɟ ɨɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧɟɬɨ - ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ³ɱɨɜɟɤ ɫɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɟ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɢ ɭɫɟɳɚ ɮɪɭɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ ɚɤɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɧɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧ´ Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ - 38). Ȼɨɝ ɩɪɟɜɴɡɯɨɠɞɚ ɞɹɜɨɥɚ ɫ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ³ɱɢɫɬɚɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɧɚ ɞɹɜɨɥɚ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɜɚ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ɫɴɫ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɜɴɩɥɴɳɚɜɚɧɟ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɑɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ – ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɛɨɝ Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ 13
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɛɟɡ ɞɭɯ ɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɞɹɜɨɥɴɬ ɑɪɟɡ ɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɟ ɞɚɞɟɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɟ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪɨɜɚɬɚ ³ɡɚɯɜɴɪɥɟɧɨɫɬ´ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɜɪɴɡɤɚɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɛɨɝ ȿɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɧɢɹ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɛɨɝɚ - ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɞɭɲɚɬɚ ɑɪɟɡ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɩɪɟɛɢɜɚɜɚɦɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɬɧɟɬɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɨɬɨ ɧɨ ɱɪɟɡ ɬɨɜɚ ɢ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ɧɨ ɢ ɟɞɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɞɪɭɝɨ ɤɴɦ ɫɴɟɞɢɧɹɜɚɧɟ ɤɴɦ ɥɸɛɨɜ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ. Ɂɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɜɴɪɧɟɦ ɤɴɦ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ³ɩɪɟɨɛɴɪɧɟɦ´ ɨɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ
ɫɤɢɰɢɪɚɧɚɬɚ ɬɨɤɭ-ɳɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɫɪɨɞɧɚ ɫ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɚ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ
ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɨ – ɫɥɟɞ Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ – ɡɚ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɩɴɬ Ɍɹɯɧɚɬɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬ ɜɟɱɟ ɫɟ ɢɡɬɴɤɧɚ ɫɟ ɫɴɞɴɪɠɚ ɜ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɫɚ ɞɜɟ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɟɧ ɧɟ-ɞɭɯ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɟɧ ɞɭɯ ɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɹɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɉɪɟɨɛɪɴɳɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɟ ɩɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɢ ɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ ɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ – ɜɬɨɪɨɬɨ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɹɯ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɟɯɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ Ɍɨɡɢ ɬɢɩ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɢɧɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɡɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
ɩɪɨɢɡɬɢɱɚ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɨɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚ – ɢ ɞɜɟɬɟ ɫɚ ɧɟ-ɞɭɯ - ɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚ ɥɢɲɟɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɬɟ ɛɢɬɢɣɫɬɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ) ɨɬ ɞɭɯɚ ɂɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɫɟ ɞɜɢɠɢ ɢɡ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɢɱɚɟɧ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ [13] Ɍɚɤɚ ɩɪɨɪɨɱɟɫɬɜɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɡɚ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ – ɧɚɣ-ɦɚɥɤɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ ɸɞɟɣɫɬɜɨ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɥɹɦ - ɤɚɤɬɨ ɡɚ ɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɢ ɨɫɩɨɪɜɚɧɢ [14] ɢɡɜɴɧɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɢ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɩɪ ȼɚɧɝɚ ɇɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɦɭɫ ɢ ɩɪ
ɧɚɦɢɪɚɬ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɩɨ-ɜɢɫɨɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɧɚ ɟɞɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɇɟɣɧɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɟ ɫɥɢɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɫ ɛɨɝɚ Ɍɨɜɚ ɟ ³ɧɢɪɜɚɧɚɬɚ´ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɡɨɛɳɨ ɟ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɹɧɨ ɧɚɩɴɥɧɨ ɉɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɡɚ ɧɢɪɜɚɧɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ɡɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɤɴɦ ɧɟɹ ɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɬɚɤɚɜɚ ɧɚ Ȼɭɞɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɥɟɧɢɹ [15] Ɂɚ ɞɚ ɹ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɟ ɬɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɬɢɪɚ ɫɴɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɚɜɚ ɫɟ ɧɚɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɬɚ ɢ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɟɬɟ ɞɭɯɴɬ ɫɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɩɴɬɹ ɤɴɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɢɳɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ Ⱦɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɢ ɒɨɩɟɧɯɚɭɟɪɨɜɨɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɇɟɤɚ ɨɛɴɪɧɟɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɧɹɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɜɚɧ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɟ ɜɴɜ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɧɢ - ɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢ ɫɟ ɧɚɣ-ɤɴɫɧɨ - ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟ ɫ ɩɨ-ɦɚɥɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ-ɝɨɥɹɦɚ 14
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬ ɡɚɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ – Ɇɨɣɫɟɣ Ȼɭɞɚ Ʉɨɧɮɭɰɢɣ Ʌɚɨ Ⱦɡɴ Ȼɭɞɚ ɂɫɭɫ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ Ɇɨɯɚɦɟɞ - ɤɨɣɬɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɧɹɤɚɤɜɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɇɚɬɪɚɩɜɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɨɞɴɬ ɱɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɹɯ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɢɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɫɪɟɳɚɧɚɬɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ³ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ´ ɧɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɪɭɝɨɬɨ – ɩɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ³ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ´ [16] ɢɥɢ ³ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɜɴɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ´ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɧɚ Ʉɚɧɬ - ɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚ ɢ ɰɹɥɚɬɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɬɱ ɫɴɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɰɹɥɚɬɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɞɟɣɧɨɫɬ Ʉɭɥɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚɪɢɱɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ. ɋɟɝɚ ɜɟɱɟ ɫɦɟ ɜ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɚ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɢɦ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɨɬɨ ɦɚɥɤɨ ɩɨ-ɝɨɪɟ ɤɚɬɨ
ɩɪɟɨɛɪɴɳɚɧɟ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɚɬɚ ɚ ɧɚ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɹɤɚ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɧɢ ɜɴɡɜɪɴɳɚ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɤɴɦ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ Ȼɨɝ ɩɪɨɢɡɯɨɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɬɨ ɢ
[17] ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɞɭɯ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɡɚ ɜɴɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ Ɍɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɛɨɝ ɟ ɡɧɚɤ ɡɚ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ȼ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɞɨɝɨɧɜɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɜɨɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ fuvsi, ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɝɪɴɳɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɛɨɝɚ ɬɟ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɦɭ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɞɨɝɨɧɜɚɧɟ Ⱥɤɨ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɟɦɚɧɰɢɩɢɪɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɚɤɨ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɧɤɨɪɩɨɪɢɪɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɩɪ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɩɪɢ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ - ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɴɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ - ɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɫɦɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɝɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɜ ɬɢɩ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɨɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɴɡɯɨɠɞɚɳ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɞɧɢɬɟ – ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚ ɫɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ³ɪɴɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɴɤɚ´ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɬɟ ɫɚ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɛɨɝ-ɜ-ɫɜɟɬɚ´ Sein-in-GHU-Welt, ɧɢɟ- ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ [18], Dazeit. 4. ³ɉɨɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ´. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɢ ɫɚ ɬɜɴɪɞɟɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ - “ɇɚɣ-ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɫɤɨɬɨ ɟ ɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɨɳɟ ɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɢɦ ´ +HLGHJJHU
³ɇɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɢ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
³ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɦɢɫɥɢ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
³ɇɚɣ-ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɫɤɨɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɟ ɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɨɳɟ ɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɢɦ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
- ɫɦɹɬɚɧɢ ɨɬ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɡɚ ɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɧɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɢ ɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɟ ɢɪɨɧɢɡɢɪɚɳɢ Ⱦɟɤɚɪɬɨɜɢɹ ɞɟɜɢɡ ³Ɇɢɫɥɹ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɦ´ ɋ ɰɹɥɨɬɨ ɫɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɜɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɞɪɭɝ ɬɢɩ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɧɚɩɨɦɧɹɳ ɡɚ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚɳ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɟɡɢɤɴɬ – ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɬɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɧɟɝɨ @ – ɟ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɟɧ ɡɚ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɭ ɓɟ ɫɟ ɨɩɢɬɚɦ ɞɚ ɧɚɦɟɤɧɚ ɡɚ ɤɚɤɜɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɚɬɨɦɢ´ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɟɬɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɢ ɨɛɢɱɚɣɧɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɳɟ ɧɚɪɟɤɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨ Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ – ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɬɚ ɧɚ 15
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ Ɋɢɤɶɨɪ - -441) – ɫɟ ɢɡɪɚɡɹɜɚ ɬɚɤɚ ³Ⱥ ɟɧɟ ɟ ȼ´ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɫ ɟɞɧɨ ɨɬ ɞɜɟɬɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɡɚ ɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧɨɬɨ ɬɪɟɬɨ ɢɥɢ ³Ⱥ ɟ ȼ´ ɢɥɢ ³Ⱥ ɧɟ ɟ ȼ´ ɫɪ ɫ ³ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ´ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɩɪɢ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
Ɍɚɤɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɢɡɪɚɡɹɜɚ ɨɧɚɡɢ ɩɭɥɫɢɪɚɳɚ ɦɟɠɞɢɧɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɟ ɨɩɢɬɜɚɲɟ ɞɚ ɞɨɥɨɜɢ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɧɨ ɱɪɟɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɟɡɢɤɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɞɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɚ ɬɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɚɞɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɩɨɪɟɠɞɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɢɹ ɧɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɟɤɬ Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɢɦɚ ɢ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɜ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɳɨɬɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɢ ɢɦɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɢɧɧɨɫɬ Ɂɚɟɞɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɚ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɨɬ ³Ⱥ ɟ ȼ´ ɚɥɬɟɪɧ ³Ⱥ ɧɟ ɟ ȼ´
ɤɴɦ ɩɨ-ɨɛɳɨɬɨ ³Ⱥ ɟ ɧɟ ɟ ȼ´ ȼ ɬɚɤɴɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɱɟ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɜɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ Ⱦɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɜ ɬɚɡɢ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɟɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɤɢɹ ɞɟɜɢɡ ³ɋɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɠɞɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɫɟɝɚ ɜɟɱɟ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɦɟ ɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɱɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɠɞɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨ-ɦɚɥɤɨ ɧɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ -
ɜ ɬɚɡɢ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ
ȼɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɜɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ³ȼɨɞɢ ɥɢ ɩɴɬ ɨɬ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɤɴɦ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ´ +HLGHJJHU
ȼɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɜɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ Ɍɚɤɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɚ ɞɚ ɪɚɡɤɪɢɟ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɞɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɟɳɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɝɨɜɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɳɟ ɪɟɱɟ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɧɚɬɚ ɦɭ ɨɬɤɪɢɬɨɫɬ ajlhvqeia. Ɍɚɤɚ ɩɨɟɬɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɚɬɚ ɤɴɦ ɬɹɯɧɚɬɚ ɧɟɫɤɪɢɬɨɫɬ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɜɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɜ ɧɚɣ-ɲɢɪɨɤ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɬɟ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɏɭɫɟɪɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɟɜɢɡ ɏɭɫɟɪɥ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚɧɨ ɨɬ ³ɫɚɦɢɬɟ ɧɟɳɚ´ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜɢɬɟ ³ɧɟɳɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ´
Ⱥɤɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɴɬ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɢɡɪɚɡɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɢ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɳɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ 'D]HLW, ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɜɴɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɫɚɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɟɞɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨ ɢ ɩɨ-ɞɴɥɛɨɤɨ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ 'D]HLW Ⱥɤɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɴɬ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɨɬ ³Ȼɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ ɟ ³ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɳɨɬɨ-ɫɟ-ɨɬ-ɫɚɦɨ-ɫɟɛɟ-ɫɢ´ +HLGHJJHU
ɬɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɚɦɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɦɟ ɥɢ ɫɯɟɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɧɨ ɢ ɯɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɫɴɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɞɜɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɧɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɯɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɬɟ ɫɴɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɦɭ ɇɚɣ-ɫɟɬɧɟ ɬɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɢ ɞɨɪɢ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɝɢ ɩɪɚɜɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɢ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɩɪɟɥɢɜɚɳɢ ɫɟ ȼɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɟ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ 16
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɇɨ ɢ ɧɟɳɨ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ Ⱥɤɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɬɨ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɟ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɢɡɥɢɲɴɤ ɨɬ ɛɢɬɢɟ @ ɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɚ ɫɦɟɬɤɚ - ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ Ƚɚɞɚɦɟɪ ɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɡɚ ³ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɹɜɚɧɟ´ ɧɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɜ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨɬɨ [21]. Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɫɴɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɧɟɦɢɧɭɟɦɨ ɩɪɟɫɢɱɚ ɬɨɱɤɚɬɚ [22] ɧɚ ³ɱɢɫɬɨɬɨ ɛɢɬɢɟ´ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɢ ɬɚɡɢ ɧɚ ³ɱɢɫɬɨɬɨ ɧɢɳɨ´ Ɍɹ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɞɭɯɚ ɫ ɩɥɴɬɬɚ ɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɹ ɨɫɜɟɬɹɜɚ ɧɨ ɫɴɳɨ ɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɜɚ Ɇɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɩɨɝɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɨɬɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɬɨ ɰɹɥɨ Ȼɚɯɬɢɧ -
Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɚɬɨɦɴɬ ɧɚɣ-ɦɚɥɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɟɥɢɦɚ ɱɚɫɬ ɧɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɢɹ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɢɡɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɳɟ ɦɭ ɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ Ɍɨɜɚ ɟ ɬɚɤɚ ɡɚɳɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɚɬɨɦɴɬ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɴɥɬɚ ȼɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɫɟ ɨɫɜɟɬɹɜɚ ɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɬɟ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɢ ɢ ɟɞɜɚ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɡɚɩɨɱɧɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɝɪɚɠɞɚ ³Ɉɛɚɱɟ ɬɨɜɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɬ ɩɨɟɬɢɬɟ´ [23] ɰɢɬɢɪɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
ɫɬɢɯɚ ɧɚ ɏɶɨɥɞɟɪɥɢɧ Ɍɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɯɨɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɨɤɚɠɟ ɜɟɞɧɴɠ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɢ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ȿɜɤɥɢɞ ɢ ɧɚ Ʌɨɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɢ
ɜɬɨɪɢ ɩɴɬ ɩɨɧɟɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɹɤɚɤɜɨ ɟɦɩɢɪɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɚ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɦɭ ³ɧɟ ɟ´ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɫɚɦɨ ɬɜɴɪɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ³ɟ´ Ɍɴɤɦɨ ɠɚɪɚɜɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ [24] ɫɤɪɢɬɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɝɨ ɨɠɢɜɹɜɚ ɢ ɨɞɭɯɨɬɜɨɪɹɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɫɴɳɢɧɫɤɢɹɬ ɦɭ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɤɚɤɴɜɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɭ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɬ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɫɟ ɬɜɴɪɞɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɭ 5. ³ɋɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ´ ɋɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɨɫɜɟɧ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ³ɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ´ ɱɪɟɡ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɢ ³ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɢɜɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ
Ɇɚɤɚɪ ɱɟ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɬ ɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɧɚɫɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɨɬɜɴɧ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ -138) ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɢɪɚ ɱɪɟɡ ³ɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ´ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟ ³ɨɫɴɡɧɚɬɨ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɚ ɜɹɪɚ ɜ ɧɟɳɨ ɩɪɢɟɬɨ ɩɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
³ȼɹɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɜɹɪɜɚ ɜ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɩɨɥɚɝɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɇɨ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɴɡɞɚɜɚ ɨɧɡɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɥɹɝɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɢɹ ɩɨ-ɧɚɬɚɬɴɲɟɧ ɠɢɜɨɬ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
Ɉɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ³ɮɢɥɬɴɪ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɤɪɚɣɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɭɭɦ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɳ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɹɜɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɨɬ ɬɹɯ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
[25]. 17
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɇɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɩɨɝɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɢɩɚɬɢɜɟɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɧɹɤɚɤɴɜ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɟɧ ɡɚɪɨɞɢɲ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɴɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥ ɩɨ-ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɟ ³ɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ´ ɱɪɟɡ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ³ɮɢɥɬɪɢɪɚ´ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɹ ³ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥ´ ɱɚɫɬ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɫɢɝɧɚɥ´ ɢ ɨɬɯɜɴɪɥɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɥɢɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɲɭɦ´ Ɍɚɤɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɟ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɤɴɦ ɩɨ-ɝɨɥɹɦɨ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɜɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɢ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɉɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ³ɤɨɜɟ´ ɫɴɞɛɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɨɬ ɢɡɛɨɪɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɬɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɧɟ ɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɧɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɴɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɧɨ ɨɬɜɴɧ ³ɡɚɪɨɞɢɲ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥ´ Ȼɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɢ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɰɟɧɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɢɬɨɫɬɬɚ ɬɟ ɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɟɬɨ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɜ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚɬɚ ɚ ɬɹ ɟ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɡɚ ɩɨ-ɝɨɥɹɦɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɛɨɪɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚ ɞɜɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ Ɍɚɤɚ ɪɚɡɛɪɚɧɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɬɨ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɬɟ ɧɟɣɧɢɹ ³ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥ´
ɫɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɢɬɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɦɢɧɚɥɨɬɨ ɋɟɬɢɜɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ Ɍɹ ɟ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɨ ɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɹ ɩɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɹɜɚ ɨɬ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚ ɫ ɧɟɝɨ Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɡɛɢɪɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɩɴɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɣɧɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɫɴɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɩɴɬɢɳɚɬɚ ɜ ɟɞɧɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɜ ɛɨɝɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɚ ɢɡɛɢɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɹɯ ɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɢ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɧɟɝɨɜ ɩɴɪɜɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɑɟɫɬɨ ɢɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ³ɫɴɪɰɟɬɨ´ ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ³ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɚɬɚ´ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɨɪɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢ ɧɚɣ-ɜɚɠɟɧ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɫɚɦɨɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ-ɬɨɱɧɨ ³ɫɚɦɨɫɬɬɚ´ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɪɟɳɚ ɫɟ ɫɴɳɨ ɢ ³ɚɡɨɜɨɫɬ´ ɧɚ ɚɡɚ
ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɚɤɴɜ ɩɴɪɜɢɱɟɧ ɨɤɟɚɧ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɬɹ ɟ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɮɢɥɬɪɢɪɚ ɫɜɨɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɢ ɫɴɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬ ɜɫɟ ɟɞɧɨ ³ɩɨɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ´ ɒɢɡɨɮɪɟɧɢɹɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɟ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɧɟɣɧɢ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɦɨɝɚɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɟɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɫɪ ɫ +X[OH et al .DUOVRQ
ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ - ɧɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨɬɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ³Ȼɨɝɴɬ´ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɘɧɝ ³ɧɭɦɢɧɨɡɧɨɬɨ´ ɜɠ ɢ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ -
³ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɬɨ ɧɟɫɴɡɧɚɜɚɧɨ´ ³ɚɪɯɟɬɢɩɨɜɟɬɟ´ ɧɚɩɪ ɘɧɝ ɢ ɫɥ
– ɩɨ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɟɧ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɝɨɪɧɨɬɨ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɟ - ɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɟɠɟɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɧɚɩɪ ɘɧɝ
ɤɨɹɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɞɢɫɨɰɢɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ 18
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɞɨ ɟɦɚɧɰɢɩɢɪɚɥɢ ɫɟ ɩɨɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɚɡɚ ɞɨ ɫɴɫɬɚɜɹɳɢɬɟ ɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨɬɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ɋɴɫ ɫɟɬɢɜɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ɫ ɭɫɟɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɮɢɥɬɪɢɪɚ ɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɫɜɨɟɛɪɚɡɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ ɧɚ OD ORQJXH GXUéH ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɧɚ Ȼɪɨɞɟɥ [26] %UDXGHO ) ɧɚ ɜɫɟɤɢ ɟɞɢɧ ɨɬ ɬɹɯ ɱɢɹɬɨ ɫɴɜɦɟɫɬɧɚ ɤɚɥɟɣɞɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɧɚ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɜɚ ɯɨɞɴɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɣ-ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɢɬɟ ɛɴɞɟɳɢ ɢɡɛɨɪɢ ɢ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɢ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ [27]. ɋ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɴɬ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɞɜɨɹɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɚɧ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɭɯ ³ɨɤɨɬɨ ɫ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɜɢɠɞɚɦɟ ɛɨɝɚ ɟ ɨɤɨɬɨ ɫ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɬɨɣ ɧɢ ɜɢɠɞɚ´ [28] Ɍɚɤɚ ɛɨɝɴɬ ɟ ³ɧɟ-Ⱥɡɴɬ´ ɧɚ Ɏɢɯɬɟ @ ɋ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɢɡɱɟɪɩɚɧ ɢ ³ɛɨɝ´ ɜ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ @ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ³ɫɴɞɛɚɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɢ ɨɬ
ɱɨɜɟɤɚ´ ILOLRTXH). Ɍɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɟ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɴɞɛɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ Ȼɨɟɰɢɣ
ɢ Ɍɨɦɚ ɨɬ Ⱥɤɜɢɧɨ
ɨɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɧɚ Ȼɟɪɞɹɟɜ - -
ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ +HLGHJJHU
ɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɩɪɢ Ⱥ ɂɝɧɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɩɪ 263-
ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɡɚ ³ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨɬɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ´ ɩɪɢ Ʉɚɧɬ ɋɬɨɟɜ
ɨɬ ɬɪɟɬɚ 6. ³Ɇɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ´ ³ɉɨɞ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɦɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥ ɢ ɫɭɛɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɜɫɬɴɩɜɚ ɧɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɴɬ ɚ ɝɪɭɩɚɬɚ ɭɩɨɞɨɛɢɦɚ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɴɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɚ – ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ – ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɫɭɛɟɤɬ´ Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟɬɨ ³ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɫɟ ɜɴɜɟɠɞɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɲɤɨɥɚ ³Ⱥɧɚɥɢ´ Ɇɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ³ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɹɜɚɳɚ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɴɜ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɨɛɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɧɟɣɧɢ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɫɚ ɬɹɫɧɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɢ ɩɨɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɢ ɫɴɫɬɚɜɹɳɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɫɟ ɫɴɱɟɬɚɜɚɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ ɧɨ ɜɢɧɚɝɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɜ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɜɹɬ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬ ɩɨɫɬɴɩɤɢɬɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɯɨɪɚɬɚ´ Ⱦɸɛɢ
³ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɇɨɜɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɟ ɫɴɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɬɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ, ɩɪɢɬɟɠɚɜɚɳɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɞɟɚɥ
ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ Ɂɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɜɚ ɡɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ³ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ´ ɢɡɪɚɛɨɬɜɚ ɫɜɨɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɚ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫ Ɉɬ ɞɧɟɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɧɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɧɚɬɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɚ ɫ
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɧɟɣ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ – ɧɟɫɴɡɧɚɜɚɧɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɦɢ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɹɧɤɚ ɨɬ ɦɢɧɚɥɨɬɨ ɬɨɬɚɥɧɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ´ Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜ
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɬɨ ɡɚ ³ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɟ ɬɹɫɧɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɡɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɢ ɡɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɬɚ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɨɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɨɬɤɪɢɟɦ ɨɳɟ ɭ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ³ɇɨ ɚɤɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɢɪɚɦɟ ɡɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɟɧɟɬɨ [ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟ] ɬɟ ɩɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɭ ɫ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ
ɩɴɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɧɨ ɫɟ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɦ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɱɪɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ ɢɦɚɦɟ ɭɫɟɳɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɧɹɤɚɤɜɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɫɪɟɞ ɛɟɡɤɪɚɣɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɢ ɬɪɚɟɧɟɬɚ [ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟ] Ɉɬ ɬɨɡɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɡɚɛɟɥɹɡɜɚɦɟ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚ ɬɪɚɟɧɟɬɚ [ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟ] ɤɨɥɤɨɬɨ ɩɨɠɟɥɚɟɦ ȼɫɹɤɨ ɨɬ ɬɹɯ ɟ ɧɚɩɴɥɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ ɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɬɟ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɨ ɜɴɧ ɨɬ ɞɜɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɢ ɝɥɟɞɧɢ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɬɨ ɜɢɧɚɝɢ ɫɟ ɫɜɟɠɞɚ ɞɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɢ ɫɴɳɨ ɧɟɨɛɹɫɧɢɦɨ ɫɴɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨ ɫ ɟɞɧɨɬɨ´ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɫɴɞɴɪɠɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɢ ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɬɚ Ɍɨɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɫɴɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ȼ ɬɹɯ ɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɫɴɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɪɢɬɟ ɦɨɞɭɫɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɚ
ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɧɟ ɡɚɜɴɪɲɜɚɧɟ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚɧɟ
ɉɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɧɨ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɱɟ ɜ ɞɴɥɛɨɤɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ – ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɧɟ ɟ ɩɨɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɢ ɞɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɜ ɬɚɡɢ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ Geschichte) ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ +LVWRULH) [31] ɧɚɩɪ +HLGHJJHU 376, 378-
- ɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟ ɜɴɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɧɚɩɪ ɫɦɹɬɚɦɟ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɫɟɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɴɡɩɪɢɟɦɚɧɢ ɨɛɟɤɬɢ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯ ɟɞɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɹɜɟɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧɨ ɜɴɜ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɨɬ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɬɚɤɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɞɭɯɴɬ ɧɟ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɢ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɧɚɩɪ ɫɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɬɟɥɚ ɬɚɤɚ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ Ⱥɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɤɪɢɜɚ ɭ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ³ɪɚɡɭɦɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɬɚ ɥɨɝɢɤɚ ɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɴɩɥɴɳɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɢ Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚ ɥɟɫɧɨ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɭɫɩɹɜɚ ɞɚ ³ɩɪɟɨɛɴɪɧɟ´ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɨɬɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟ ɞɚ ɝɨ ɢɡɬɴɥɤɭɜɚ ³ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ´ Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɢ ɞɪ
³ɂ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɧɟ ɬɚɤɚ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɢɦɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ – ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɟ ɫɴɡɧɚɜɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ – ɤɚɬɨ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ – ɟ ɫɴɡɧɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɫɧɟɦɚɳ ɫɟ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ´ Ɇɚɪɤɫ
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɧɟɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɳɟ ɪɟɱɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɞɭɯ ɬɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ³ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɤɚɤɜɚɬɨ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɧɟ ɹ ɟɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɢɲɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɜɟ ɞɨɩɴɥɧɢɬɟɥɧɢ ɞɨɪɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɇɢɥɫ Ȼɨɪ
ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɥɢɬɚɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɟɞɢɧɹɜɚɬ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɇɹɤɨɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɫɚ ɩɨ-ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɟɦɢ Ɍɚɤɢɜɚ ɫɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ ɧɚɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɢɬɟ ɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɨɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤɜɢɬɨ ɫɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɫɟ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɢ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɡɚɪɨɞɢɲ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɚ´ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɚɬɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ Ⱥɤɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɚɦɟ ɞɚɞɟɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ³ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ´
ɬɨ ɬɹ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɹɜɚ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɜɴɜ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɯɨɪɚ Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɚɤɨ ɜɡɟɦɟɦ ɞɚɞɟɧ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɹɜɚɬ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ Ɇɚɪɤɫɨɜɢɹ ɬɟɡɢɫ ³ɇɨ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɧɟ ɟ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɜɴɩɥɴɬɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞ ȼ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɬɹ ɟ ensemble-ɴɬ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɢɬɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ´ 0DU[
ɑɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥ ɨɬ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ȼ ɲɢɡɨɮɪɟɧɢɹɬɚ ɬɹɯɧɨɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɟ ɝɭɛɢ ³ɦɨɧɨɬɟɢɡɦɴɬ´ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɟ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɚ ɪɚɡɩɚɞɚ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɉɪɟɯɨɞɴɬ ɨɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɤɴɦ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɟ ɩɪɨɦɹɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥ ɋɯɨɞɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɬ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬ ɉɪɨɮɢɥɴɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɢɬɟ ɫɴɫɬɚɜɹɳɢ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɟɧ ɩɨɝɥɟɞ ³ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ´ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɧɚɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ³ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ´ ³ɞɭɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ Ɍɚɤɚ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɞɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɩɚɞɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ - ɤɚɬɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ Ȼɪɨɞɟɥ
- ɞɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɧɢɬɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɲɢɡɨɮɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ´ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɟɞɢɩɨɜɨ´ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɜɚɳ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɰɹɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬ ³ɍɛɢɬ ɟ ɟɞɢɧ ɦɴɪɬɜɟɰ ɦɴɪɬɴɜ ɨɬɤɪɚɣ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ Ⱦɟɥɶɨɡ Ƚɚɬɚɪɢ ) Ʉɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɦɴɬ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɬɟɡɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɴɦ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɦɚɲɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɬɚ´ ɜ ɧɚɬɪɚɩɱɢɜɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɧɚ ɲɢɡɨɮɪɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɚɥɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ Ⱦɭɲɚɬɚ ɹ ɧɹɦɚ ɞɭɯɴɬ ɝɨ ɧɹɦɚ Ⱦɪɭɝɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɫɚ ɩɨ-ɞɚɥɟɱɧɢ ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨ-ɱɭɠɞɢ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɟɦɢ ɧɨ ɬɹɫɧɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɢ ɫ ɩɨ-ɛɥɢɡɤɢɬɟ Ɍɚɤɚ ɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚ ɦɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɩɨ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɧɚɜɥɟɡɟ ɧɚɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɞɭɯɚ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɤɚɤɜɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɧɟ ɫɚ ɜɴɧɲɧɢɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɟ ɧɟ ɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɜɴɧɲɧɢɬɟ ɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɬɟ 21
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɋɥɟɞ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɩɨ ɬɴɧɤɨɬɨ ɜɴɠɟ´ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɨɬ ɇɢɰɲɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɴɬ ɤɴɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɨɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɫɟ ɟ ɨɡɨɜɚɥ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɬɨɜɚ ³ɨɬɜɴɞ´ ɢɡɜɟɞɧɴɠ ɫɟ ɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪɨɜɚ ɩɨɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɫɴɤɪɨɜɟɧɚ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɫɟ ɨɬɪɢɜɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɴɬ ɧɚ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɟ ɬɭɤ Da – Dasein. Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɜɟɱɟ ɧɟ ɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɟɧ ɩɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ³ɛɨɝ´ ɚ ɟ ɬɭɤ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɹɬɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɫɟ ɨɫɴɡɧɚɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨɬɨɩɟɧ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɬɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɟ ɬɜɴɪɞɟ ɫɦɴɬɧɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɭɥɨɜɢɦɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚɳɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɳɚ ɨɬ ɞɭɯɚ Ɍɚɡɢ ɩɪɨɦɹɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɬɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɟ ɩɨ-ɫɤɨɪɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɢɡɧɟɧɚɞɜɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɟɞ ɤɨɝɨɬɨ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɤɪɢɜɚ ɛɨɝɴɬ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜɚɬɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɚɬɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɧɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦ ɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧ ɜɟɱɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɭɯ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɨɛɟɤɬ´ ɢ ³ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ´ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɋɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɚ ɧɟ ɬɟɡɢ ɧɚ ɟɦɩɢɪɢɱɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɬ ɚɬɨɦɴɬ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ ɜɟɱɟ ɧɟ ɟ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɚ ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɟɝɚɲɧɨɬɨ ɫɦɹɬɚɧɨ ɡɚ ɜɴɪɯɨɜɨ ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ Ɍɨɜɚ ɱɟ ³ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɢ´ ɜɟɱɟ ɧɟ ɟ ɱɭɞɚɬɚ ɩɪɢɭɦɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɟɤɫɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɧ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮ ɚ ɹɫɧɨ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɑɪɟɡ ɧɚɣ-ɛɥɢɡɤɢɬɟ ɞɨ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ – ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ – ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢɡɛɢɪɚ ɫɜɨɹ ɩɴɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɴɬ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɬɟ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ Ɇɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɹɜɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɨɬ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɱɥɟɧɨɜɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɴɫ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɬɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚɬ ɫɴɡɧɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɴɡɧɚɜɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɧɢ ɉɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ³ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɬɚ´ ɢɡɤɪɢɜɹɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢɬɟ ɧɚɦɚɥɹɜɚ ɟɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɬɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɳɢɹ ɢ ɝɨ ɬɢɩɢɡɢɪɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɱɥɟɧɨɜɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ Ɍɹ ɫɩɨɹɜɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ ɟɞɧɨ ɨɛɳɨ ³ɛɚɜɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ [la ORQJXH GXUée] ɱɪɟɡ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɴɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɳɨ ɫɟ ³ɩɴɬɭɜɚɳɨ´ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɬɟ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɚɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚ Ɇɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɦɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɬɚ 7. ³ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɢɡɛɨɪ´ Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɟ ɧɚɥɢɰɟ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ ɧɚ ɫɴɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɡɟɧɛɟɪɝ ɂɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ ɳɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɴɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɧɟɹ
ɧɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɴɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɟ ɟɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɬɢɱɚ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɂɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ɢɡɨɦɨɪɮɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɱɢɢɬɨ ɱɥɟɧɨɜɟ ɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ 22
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɴɜ ɜɫɟɤɢ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɧɹɤɨɹ ɩɚɪɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚɬ ɩɨɞɬɢɫɧɚɬɢ ³ɦɚɥɰɢɧɫɬɜɨ´ ɚ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɚɳɢ – ³ɛɨɥɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ´ ɑɪɟɡ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɚ ɫɦɟɬɤɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢ ɢɡɛɨɪɢ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ Ⱥɤɨ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɚɦɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɳ ɫɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ – ɤɨɟɬɨ ɟ ɨɛɢɱɚɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɟ ɜ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ - ɬɨ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɬɟ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɢɹ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɫɪ ɫ ɇɚɥɢɦɨɜ ɛ -
Ɍɨɝɚɜɚ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɴɳɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɇɚɥɢɦɨɜ ɛ -
ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɬɟɤɫɬɚ´ ɬɚɤɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɤɚɠɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ³ɧɚɩɢɫɜɚɧɟɬɨ´ ɣ
ɞɚ ɢɡɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɦɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɨ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ ³ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ´ ³ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɑɪɟɡ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɦɢɫɥɢ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɢɹɬ ³ɪɚɡɭɦ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɫɟ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɂɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚ ɫɟ ɫɟ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɚɬ ɨɬ ɯɨɪɚɬɚ ɑɪɟɡ ɬɹɯ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚɬ ɟɞɧɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɫ ɞɭɯɚ Ɂɚɬɨɜɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɟ ɬɨɜɚ ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ ɜ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɬɨ ɟ ɤɚɣɪɨɫ Ɍɢɥɥɢɯ
³ɡɪɹɥɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ´ ɂɝɧɚɬɨɜ ) ɚ ɧɟ ɯɪɨɧɨɫ ȼ ɬɚɡɢ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɢ ɢɡɬɴɤɜɚɬ ɱɟ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɬɚ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɹ ɧɚɩɪ Ɇɟɪɞɠɚɧɨɜɚ -
ɬɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɳɢɹɬ ɦɢɬ – ɡɚ ɜɴɩɥɴɳɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɡɚ ɛɨɝɨɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ – ɟ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɜɟɱɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɬɨ ɱɪɟɡ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɢ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ ɢ ³ɧɟɝɨɜɢɬɟ ɞɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ´ Ɍɨɜɚ ɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɟ ɫɟɤɭɥɚɪɢɡɢɪɚ ɨɬ
ɏɟɝɟɥ ɢ ɨɬ
Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɚɜɚɬ – ɛɟɡ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɫɩɨɪɜɚ ɩɴɪɜɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɫɩɪɹɦɨ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬɯɜɴɪɥɟɧɚ ɟɞɧɚ ɩɪɟɡ ɇɢɰɲɟ ɨɬ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
– ɞɜɟ ɫɪɨɞɧɢ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ
ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɢ ɨɬɬɭɤ
ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɬɚ
ɂɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ – ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɬɟ ɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɬ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ Ɍɚɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ ɚ ɨɬɬɭɤ ɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬ ɫɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɗɩɲɬɟɣɧ -
ɦɨɝɚɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ³ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɬ´ ³ȼɢɪɬɭɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɢɡɥɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɧ ɩɥɚɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ´ Ʉɚɧɚɜɪɨɜ
[32] Ɉɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɧɚɩɪ ɨɬ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɬɨ ɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚɩɪ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ- ɢ ɯɢɩɨɬɟɬɢɤɨ-ɞɟɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɞɪ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚɩɪ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɬɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɬɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɫɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ 23
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɂɞɟɹɬɚ ɡɚ ³ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ´ ɢɥɢ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ´ Ʉɚɩɢɰɚ Ʉɭɪɞɸɦɨɜ Ɇɨɥɧɟɰɤɢɣ ) ɟ ɩɥɚɲɟɳɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɚɦɥɢɜɚ ɧɨ ɧɚɣ-ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɟ ɱɟ ɧɟɣɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɬ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɢɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɣ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ ɜ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɚ Ƚɴɪɰɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɧɨɬɨ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɉɢɬɚɝɨɪ Ʌɨɝɨɫɴɬ ɩɪɟɡ ɏɟɪɚɤɥɢɬ ɱɟ ɱɚɤ ɞɨ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɟɳɢɹɬ ³ɧɚɣ-ɦɴɞɪɨɬɨ´ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɉɢɬɚɝɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɤɪɢɬɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɧɟɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɢɪɚɧɨɬɨ ɧɟɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɬɨ Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɟ ɥɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɚ – ɜɴɜ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɫ ɇɢɰɲɟ ɹ ɭɩɪɟɤɜɚ Ⱦɟɪɢɞɚ ), - ɬɹ ɜɴɩɪɟɤɢ ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɳɟ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɦ ɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɨɫɴɡɧɚɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɳ ɫɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɭ ɬɭɤ ɬɭ ɬɚɦ ɩɨɹɜɹɜɚɳɚ ɫɟ ɢ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚɳɚ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɳɚ ɫɟ ɫɥɟɞɚ Ⱦɟɪɢɞɚ - ɢ ɞɪ) ɩɨɱɬɢ
ɧɟɩɪɨɡɧɨɫɢɦɨ ɫɪ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ Ⱦɟɪɪɢɞɚ
ɫɪɥɟɞ ɢ ɫɥɪɟɞ [33] ɬɟɤɫɬɚ [34] ɉɢɬɚɝɨɪɨɜɨɬɨ ɑɢɫɥɨ ɫɟ ɟ ɢɡɝɭɛɢɥɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɨɞɟɳɚɬɚ ɫɥɟɞɚ ɧɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɬɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɨɳɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɣɧɨɬɨ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ ɛɢɞɟɣɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɫɬɟɧɨ ɢ ɛɢɜɚɣɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɫɬɜɚɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɨɬ ɞɜɚɞɟɫɟɬ ɢ ɩɟɬ ɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɞɭɦɚɬɚ -
³ɱɢɫɥɨ´ [35] ɬɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɬɪɚɩɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ Ʌɨɝɨɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɫɥɭɱɜɚ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɨɹɜɢ ɟɞɜɚ ɫɟɝɚ ɜ ɢɞɟɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ – ɨɳɟ ɫɴɫ ɫɤɪɢɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɫɢ ɩɪɢ ɉɢɬɚɝɨɪ - ɤɚɬɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬ ɞɧɟɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɚɬɚ ɜɢɧɚɝɢ ɟ
ɛɟɡ ɧɢɤɨɝɚ ɞɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɟ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɚɬɚ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɟ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɛɢɬɢɟ. ɇɨ ɱɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɧɟ ɠɟɥɚɟ ɞɚ ɩɨɞɬɢɫɧɟ ɞɭɦɚɬɚ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɢɫɤɚ ɫɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɴɫ ɋɥɨɜɨɬɨ Ɍɨɜɚ ɫɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɬɚ LQIRUPDWLR ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɱɢɹɬɨ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɟ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɬɨ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɢɡɛɨɪ ȿɡɢɤɴɬ – ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɨɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɋɥɨɜɨ ɢ ɑɢɫɥɨ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɧɚɬɚ - ɟ ɡɚɩɢɫ ɢ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɬɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚ ɜ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɬɚ Ɍɹ ɫɟ ɢɡɹɜɹɜɚ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɹɜɚɳɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚɳɢɹ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɳɢɹ ɫɟ ɧɟɝɨɜ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɭɯ 8. ³ɋɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɞɭɯɚ´ ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɉ Ɍɟɣɹɪ ɞɶɨ ɒɚɪɞɟɧ ɡɚ ɧɨɨɝɟɧɟɡɟɬɚ ɢɦɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɫɯɨɞɧɨ ɫ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɚɬɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ – ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɥɟɠɢ ɨɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɧɨɫɬ Ȼɚɛɨɫɨɜ
ɑɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚ ɤɪɚɟɧ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬ ɨɬ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɨɥɤɨɬɨ ɫɴɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɜ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɫɟ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɬ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɢɬɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɴɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚɬɚ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
³Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɫɚ ɞɜɟ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɢɜɧɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɮɚɡɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɢ ɫɴɳ ɩɴɥɟɧ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟɞɢɧ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɨɛɯɜɚɧɟ ɦɢɧɚɥɨɬɨ ɢ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɝɢ 24
ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɢ ɡɚɜɴɪɲɢ´ Ɍɟɣɹɪ ɞɟ ɒɚɪɞɟɧ
ɋɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ
ɢ ɢɡɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɹ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨ-ɫɥɨɠɧɚ ɢ ɫɴɜɴɪɲɟɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɴɥɬɚ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɨɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ
ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɫɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ ɧɚ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɬɚ Ȼɚɛɨɫɨɜ
³Ⱦɚ ɫɟ ɜɴɞɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɚ Ɉɤɚɡɜɚ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɦ ɫɴɫ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɞɴɥɛɨɱɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɞɭɲɚ ɢ ɧɚɣ-ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɬɚ´ Ɍɟɣɹɪ ɞɟ ɒɚɪɞɟɧ
Ⱦɨɧɹɤɴɞɟ ɫɯɨɞɧɢ ɜɴɡɝɥɟɞɢ ɡɚ ɧɨɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɢɦɚ ȼ ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɤɢ Ɍɹ ɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɨɬɨ ɨɬ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ – ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɢ ɞɧɢ ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɤɢɣ
ɉɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɹɬɚ ɟ ɨɛɯɜɚɧɚɬɚ ɢɡɰɹɥɨ ɨɬ ɠɢɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɤɪɚɣɧɨ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɫɢɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɜɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɬɚ ɦɢɫɴɥ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɴɳɚ ɜ ɧɨɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ Ʉ ɉɨɩɴɪ ɡɚ ³ɫɜɹɬ ´ ³ɟɞɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɞɨɪɢ ɧɟ ɟ ɧɨɜɚ ɬɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɨɞɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɬɨ ɫɢ ɨɳɟ ɨɬ Ƚ Ɏɪɟɝɟ´ ɉɨɩɴɪ
Ɂɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ ³ɫɜɹɬ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɬɟɥɚ´ ³ɫɜɹɬ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɢɬɟ ɥɢɱɧɢ ɫɭɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɢ ɩɪɟɠɢɜɹɜɚɧɢɹ´ ³ɧɚɪɢɱɚɦ ɫɜɹɬ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɭɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɚɬɚ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɞɟɣɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɧ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢ ɟɡɢɤ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɟɬɨ ɨɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɦɢɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɫɴɞɴɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɪɟɱɟɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɚ ɫɴɳɨ ɬɚɤɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨɬɨ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
³Ɇɨɹɬɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɚ ɬɟɡɚ ɟ ɱɟ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɬ ɢ ɨɛɟɤɬɢ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɋɜɹɬ – ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɫɟ ɨɳɟ ɧɟɨɬɤɪɢɬɨɬɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɫɬɜɨ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɴɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ ɞɧɟɫ ɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɳɟ ɨɬɤɪɢɟ ɭɬɪɟ´ ɉɨɩɴɪ
ɑɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɫɴɡɞɚɜɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ ɫɜɹɬ ɧɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ³ɧɨɨɫɮɟɪɚ´ ɩɪɟɜɴɪɧɚɥ ɫɟ ɜɟɱɟ ɜ ³ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɚ ɫɢɥɚ´ ³ɫɜɹɬ ´ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɉɨɩɴɪ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚ ɨɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɨɬ ɫɜɹɬ ɢɥɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɠɢɜɹɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɹɬ ɋɩɨɪɟɞ Ɍɟɣɹɪ ɞɶɨ ɒɚɪɞɟɧ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɴɡɞɚɜɚɧ ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɜɹɬ ɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɢɝɢɛɟɥɟɧ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɟɧ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɟ ɫɴɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɜ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɴɡɞɚɜɚɧɟ ɜɴɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɢ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɬɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɳɚ ɫɟ ɤɴɦ ³ɬɨɱɤɚɬɚ Ɉɦɟɝɚ´ ȼɫɢɱɤɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɫɚ ɬɜɴɪɞɟ ɫɯɨɞɧɢ ɫ ɬɚɡɢ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɨɳɟ ɨɬ ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɡɚ ɫɚɦɨɨɫɴɡɧɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɞɭɦɚ ɩɨ-ɞɨɥɭ ɢ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ Ɍɹ ɨɫɜɟɧ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɞɪɭɝɨ ɢɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɢɦɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɞɚ ɝɢ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɠɞɚ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ȼ ɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɨɬɨ ɩɨ-ɝɨɪɟ ɳɟ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɦɟ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɬɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɢɡɝɪɚɠɞɚɳɨ ɫɟ ɢ ɱɪɟɡ ɬɨɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɟɞɜɚɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɬɨ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɜɚ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɞɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ ³ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɢɬɟ ɹɞɪɚ´ ɧɚ ɜɟɱɟ 25
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Разумът в цивилизацията

  • 1. Васил Пенчев Институт за философски изследвания Българска академия на науките Разумът в цивилизацията Към философско осмисляне на цивилизационния подход в историята
  • 2. ȼɚɫɢɥ ɉɟɧɱɟɜ ɊȺɁɍɆɔɌ ȼ ɐɂȼɂɅɂɁȺɐɂəɌȺ Ʉɴɦ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ
  • 3.
  • 4. ȼɚɫɢɥ ɉɟɧɱɟɜ ɊȺɁɍɆɔɌ ȼ ɐɂȼɂɅɂɁȺɐɂəɌȺ Ʉɴɦ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ʠˑ˗ˋˢ ʹͲͲͺ ʗː˔˕ˋ˕˖˕ ˊ˃ ˗ˋˎˑ˔ˑ˗˔ˍˋ ˋˊ˔ˎˈˇ˅˃ːˋˢ – ʐ˝ˎ˕˃˓˔ˍ˃ ˃ˍ˃ˇˈˏˋˢ ː˃ ː˃˖ˍˋ˕ˈ
  • 5. ʏˎˡˊˋˢ˕˃ǡ ˔˝ˇ˝˓ˉ˃˜˃ ˔ˈ ˅ ˊ˃ˆˎ˃˅ˋˈ˕ˑ ː˃ ˍːˋˆ˃˕˃ǡ ˍ˝ˏ ʤˈˆˈˎˑ˅ˋˢ Ƿʟ˃ˊ˖ˏ ˅ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˢ˕˃dz ˔˝˜ˈ˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ ˈ ˍˎˡ˚ ˍ˝ˏ ːˈˌːˑ˕ˑ ˑ˔ˏˋ˔ˎˢːˈǤ ʓ˝ˎˆˋˢ˕ ˒ˈ˓ˋˑˇ ː˃ ˄˃˅ːˋ ˋˊˏˈːˈːˋˢ ˓˃ˊˍ˓ˋ˅˃ ˙ˋ˅ˋˎˋˊ˃˙ˋˢ˕˃ ˍ˃˕ˑ ˋˊˍˎˡ˚ˋ˕ˈˎːˑ ˔ˎˑˉː˃ ˔ˋ˔˕ˈˏ˃ ˔ ˅˝˕˓ˈ˛ːˑ ˔˃ˏˑ˓ˈˆ˖ˎˋ˓˃ːˈǤ ʜ˃˛ˋ˕ˈ ˕ˈˎˈ˔ˍˑ˒ˋ ˇˋ˓ˢ˕ ˄˓˃˕ˢ ˒ˑ ˓˃ˊ˖ˏ ˅ ˇ˃ˎˈ˚ːˋˢ ˍˑ˔ˏˑ˔ǡ ˇˑˍ˃˕ˑ ˖ˈˌ˅ˎˈ˕-˃ː˃ˎˋˊ˝˕ ˃ː˃ˎˑˆˋ˚ːˑ ˏˑˉˈ ˇ˃ ˒˓ˈ˓˃˅ˢ ˓˃ˊˎˋ˚ːˋ ˅˓ˈˏˈ˅ˋ ˔ˍ˃ˎˋ ː˃ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋ˚ˈ˔ˍˋˢ ˒˓ˑ˙ˈ˔ ˅ ˕˝˓˔ˈːˈ ː˃ Ƿˏˈː˕˃ˎːˑ˔˕ˋdzǤ ʙːˋˆ˃˕˃ ˑ˄˅˝˓ˊ˅˃ ˃ː˃ˎˋˊ ˋ ˕˝ˎˍ˖˅˃ːˋˈ ː˃ ˍˎ˃˔ˋ˙ˋ ː˃ ˗ˋˎˑ˔ˑ˗ˋˢ˕˃ – ʤˈˆˈˎǡ ʜˋ˙˛ˈǡ ʤ˃ˌˇˈˆˈ˓ǡ ʛˋ˘˃ˎ˚ˈ˅ – ˋ ˔˝˅˓ˈˏˈːːˑ˕ˑ ˓˃ˊ˅ˋ˕ˋˈ ː˃ ː˃˖ˍ˃˕˃ ˊ˃ ˅ːˋˍ˅˃ːˈ ˅ ˓˃ˊ˖ˏː˃˕˃ ˔˝˜ːˑ˔˕ ː˃ ˙ˋ˅ˋˎˋˊ˃˙ˋˋ˕ˈǤ ʙːˋˆ˃˕˃ ˈ ˒˓ˈˇː˃ˊː˃˚ˈː˃ ˊ˃ ˔˕˖ˇˈː˕ˋǡ ˒˓ˈ˒ˑˇ˃˅˃˕ˈˎˋ ˋ ː˃˖˚ːˋ ˓˃˄ˑ˕ːˋ˙ˋ ˅ ˑ˄ˎ˃˔˕˕˃ ː˃ ˗ˋˎˑ˔ˑ˗ˋˢ˕˃ǡ ˋ˔˕ˑ˓ˋˢ˕˃ǡ ˕ˈˑ˓ˋˢ˕˃ ː˃ ˙ˋ˅ˋˎˋˊ˃˙ˋˋ˕ˈǤ ̹ ʑ˃˔ˋˎ ʓˋːˈ˅ ʞˈː˚ˈ˅ǡ ʹͲͲͺ ISBN 978-954-92145-3-6
  • 6. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ʠʩʓʩʟʕʏʜʗʔ: ɋɴɸɡɴɬ ɧɚ ɞɭɯ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ³Ɍɪɢɚɞɚɬɚ´ ɏɟɝɟɥ – ɇɢɰɲɟ – ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ 1.1. ɑɚɫɬ VII, “Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɹ´ ɨɬ ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ 1.2. ɑɚɫɬ I, “ȼɨɥɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɜɥɚɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨ´ ɨɬ ɩɴɪɜɢ ɬɨɦ ɧɚ ³ɇɢɰɲɟ´ Ʉɚɤ ɛɨɝ ɢɞɜɚ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɚɬɚ ɞɢɪɹ ɜ ³Ɉɧɬɨɬɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɬɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ´ ɩɨ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɋɚɤɪɚɥɧɨ ɢ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨ Ɇɢɯɚɥɱɟɜ ɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɡɚ ɟɞɧɚɤɜɨɫɬɬɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟɬɨ 3.1. Ɇɢɯɚɥɱɟɜɚɬɚ ɛɟɥɟɠɤɚ ³ɂɦɚ ɥɢ ɟɞɧɚɤɜɨɫɬ ɢ ɟɞɧɚɤɜɢ ɧɟɳɚ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ´ 3.2. Ɂɚɤɨɧɴɬ ɡɚ ɬɴɠɞɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ 3.3. ɋɴɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɧɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɞɜɨɣɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɚɬɚ´ ɢɥɢ ɤɴɦ ɟɞɧɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɚɤɪɚɥɧɨɬɨ ȼɪɟɦɟɜɚɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɨɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ Ⱥɪɯɟɬɢɩɴɬ ɧɚ ɬɪɨɢɰɚɬɚ ɢ ɱɟɬɜɨɪɢɰɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ Ʉ Ƚ ɘɧɝ 4.1. ³Ɍɪɨɢɰɚ´ ɢ ³ɱɟɬɜɨɪɢɰɚ´ ɩɪɢ Ʉɚɪɥ Ƚɭɫɬɚɜ ɘɧɝ 4.2. ³ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɴɬ ɡɚ ɱɟɬɜɴɪɬɨɬɨ´ 4.3. Homoousia Ɉɬ ³Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ´ ɩɪɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɤɴɦ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɉɨɞɯɨɞɴɬ ɡɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜ ³Ȼɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ ɢ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ 5.1.1. Ɏɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɜ ³Ȼɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ 5.1.2. ȿɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɴɬ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ 5.1.3. ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɴɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ 5.1.4. Ɉɛɪɚɬɴɬ ɤɴɦ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ɉɬ ³ȼɪɟɦɟɜɨɫɬ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬ´ ɤɴɦ ³ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɨɫɬ´ 5.2.1. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɤɨ-ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɩɨɞɯɨɞ ɤɴɦ ɟɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɹɬɚ 5.2.2. ɋɴɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ Dasein ɤɚɬɨ ɮɭɧɞɢɪɚɧɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ 5.2.3. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɟɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ³ȼɪɟɦɟ ɢ ɛɢɬɢɟ´ ɢ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɭɦ ɢ ɫɴɪɰɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɞɟɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ɉɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɨɪɚɥɢɫɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ 5
  • 7. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ 6. ɋɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɨ-ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ³ɛɚɜɧɨɬɨ´ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ l.d.) 6.1. Ƚɭɪɜɢɱ Ȼɪɨɞɟɥ Ʌɶɨ Ƚɨɮ Ʉɨɡɟɥɟɤ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɚɜɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɹɧɚ ³ɬɨɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ´ ɢ ³ɩɥɚɫɬɨɜɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ´ 6.2. ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ ɩɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɢ ɫɤɚɥɢ wavelet) ɤɴɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ 6.3. ɋɴɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ 6.4. Ȼɚɜɧɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ [l.d.] ɜ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɨɧɧɚɬɚ ɞɟɦɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ Ⱦɟɛɚɬɴɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɜɴɡɝɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɋ Ʉɚɩɢɰɚ 6.5. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɢ ɢɡɜɨɞɢ ɉɪɢɪɨɞɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚɬɚ Ȼɟɥɟɠɤɢ Ʌɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚ 6
  • 8. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ͷǤ ʠʩʭʖʩʡ ʜʏ ʓʢʤ ʗ ʦʝʑʔʙǣ Dzʡ˓ˋ˃ˇ˃˕˃dz ʤˈˆˈˎ – ʜˋ˙˛ˈ – ʤ˃ˌˇˈˆˈ˓ ´Ⱥɥɚ ɜ ɩɪɨɥɨɦɚ ɬɚɦ ɤɴɞɟɬɨ ɫɴɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɟɧ ɨɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɢ ɨɬ Ȼɨɠɢɹɬɚ ɜɨɥɹ ɨɬ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ɢ ɨɬ ɫɚɦɢɹ Ȼɨɝ ɚɡ ɫɴɦ ɩɨ-ɝɨɪɟ ɨɬ ɜɫɢɱɤɢɬɟ ɬɜɚɪɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɴɦ ɧɢɬɨ ³Ȼɨɝ´ ɧɢɬɨ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɚɦɢ ɩɨ-ɫɤɨɪɨ ɫɴɦ ɬɨɜɚ ɳɨ ɫɴɦ ɛɢɥ ɢ ɳɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɚ ɫɟɝɚ ɢ ɡɚɜɢɧɚɝɢ Ɍɚɦ ɩɨɥɢɬɚɦ ɢ ɫɟ ɜɴɡɡɟɦɚɦ ɧɚɞ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɚɧɝɟɥɢ ȼ ɬɨɡɢ ɩɨɥɟɬ ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɜɚɦ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɱɟ ɜɟɱɟ ɢ Ȼɨɝ ɦɢ ɧɟ ɫɬɢɝɚ ɫ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɟ ɬɨɣ ɤɚɬɨ ³Ȼɨɝ´ ɢ ɫ ɜɫɢɱɤɢɬɟ ɫɜɨɢ Ȼɨɠɢ ɞɟɥɚ ɡɚɳɨɬɨ ɜ ɬɨɹ ɩɪɨɥɨɦ ɦɢ ɟ ɞɚɞɟɧɨ Ȼɨɝ ɢ ɚɡ ɞɚ ɫɦɟ ɟɞɧɨ Ɍɚɦ ɚɡ ɫɴɦ ɤɚɤɜɨɬɨ ɫɴɦ ɛɢɥ ɧɢɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɦ ɧɢɬɨ ɨɬɫɥɚɛɜɚɦ ɡɚɳɨɬɨ ɬɚɦ ɫɴɦ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɜɚɳɚ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɧɟɳɚ Ɍɨɝɚɜɚ Ȼɨɝ ɧɟ ɧɚɦɢɪɚ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨɧɟɠɟ ɫ ɬɚɡɢ ɫɢ ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɨɬɜɨɸɜɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɨɬɜɟɤɢ ɟ ɛɢɥ ɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɞɨɜɟɤɢ ɳɟ ɛɴɞɟ Ɍɨɝɚɜɚ Ȼɨɝ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɟɞɧɨ ɫ ɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɬɚɡɢ ɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɛɟɞɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɨɬɤɪɢɬɚ´ Ɇɚɣɫɬɟɪ ȿɪɤɯɚɪɬ. ɉɪɨɩɨɜɟɞ ³Ȼɥɚɠɟɧɢ ɛɟɞɧɢɬɟ ɞɭɯɨɦ ɡɚɳɨɬɨ ɬɹɯɧɨ ɟ ɰɚɪɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɟɛɟɫɧɨ´ Ɇɚɬ
  • 9.
  • 10. [1] ³Ȼɨɝ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɚɡ ɢ ɚɡ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɟ Ȼɨɝ – ɞɚ ɫɦɟ ɬɴɣ ɩɴɥɧɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɱɟ ³ɬɨɣ´ ɢ ³ɚɡ´ ɞɚ ɫɦɟ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɟɞɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɟɦ ɢ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟɦ ɟɞɧɨ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɞɚ ɜɴɪɲɢɦ ɟɞɧɨ ɞɟɥɨ´ Ɇɚɣɫɬɟɪ ȿɪɤɯɚɪɬ. ɉɪɨɩɨɜɟɞ ³Ⱦɚ ɫɟ ɨɛɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɫ ɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɹ ɭɦ´ ȿɮɟɫ
  • 11. [2] ȼɴɩɪɨɫɴɬ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɳɟ ɛɴɞɟ ɬɨɡɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɳɟ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢ ɞɚ ɦɢɫɥɢɦ ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɞɜɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɨɬɫɬɨɹɳɢ ɟɞɢɧ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝ ɫ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɜɟɤ ɢ ɩɨɥɨɜɢɧɚ – ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɢ ɞɜɭɬɨɦɧɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ³ɇɢɰɲɟ´ Ɍɨɣ ɧɟ ɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɧ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɫɢ ɞɭɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɇɢɰɲɟ [†]
  • 12. ³Ⱦɜɟ ɫɬɨɥɟɬɢɹ ɛɟɡ ɦɚɥɤɨ ɢ ɧɢɬɨ ɟɞɢɧ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧ ɧɨɜ ɛɨɝ´ +HLGHJJHU
  • 13. ȼɴɩɪɨɫɴɬ ɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɠɞɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɤɚɤɜɚ ɟ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɱɨ ɜɟɤɚ ɜ ɨ ɬɧɨ ɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɦɭ ɤɴɦ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɚ ɧɟ ɤɴɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɬɟ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɢ ɧɟɳɚ ɤɚɤɴɜ ɟ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɢ ɩɪ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɟ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɥ 7
  • 14. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ Ɉɛɚɱɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɳɟ ɨɬɤɪɨɢɦ ɫɥɟɞɧɢɹ ɤɚɤɜɨ ɟ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɋɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɜɴɩɪɨɫɴɬ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɫɟ ɜɢɠɞɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫ ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɢɦ ɤɴɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ - ɤɨɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨ – ɦɟɠɞɭ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚ Ⱦɜɟ ɩɴɪɜɢɱɧɢ ɧɨ ɩɨɧɟ ɞɨɫɟɝɚ ɧɟɫɴɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɢ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɢ ɫɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɥɢ ɩɪɟɡ ɯɢɥɹɞɨɥɟɬɢɹɬɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɬɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚ ɜɤɨɪɟɧɟɧɚ ɜ
  • 18. ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɣ ɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧ Ɍɴɤɦɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɚɬɚ ɟ ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɥɚ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɇɨɜɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɜɴɩɥɴɬɟɧɚ ɢ ɜ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɟɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɥɟɞɜɚɳɚɬɚ ɹ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɠɞɚɳɚ ɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ ȼ ɪɚɦɤɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɩɴɪɜɚɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɟɧ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɚ ɢɧɬɟɥɢɝɢɛɟɥɟɧ ɢ ɪɚɡɭɦɟɧ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɜɚ ɞɚ ɭɫɜɨɹɜɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɢ ɧɚɜɴɬɪɟ ɤɴɦ ɫɚɦɢɹ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɜɬɨɪɚɬɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɟ ɧɚɩɴɥɧɨ ɧɟɩɨɞɨɛɟɧ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɦɭ ɟ ɱɭɠɞ ɜɪɚɠɞɟɛɟɧ ɬɨɣ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɝɨ ɢɡɭɱɚɜɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɚɤɨ ɭɫɩɟɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɬɴɪɫɢ ɨɬ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɨɬ ³ɫɭɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɬɨ´ ɢ ɫɴɭɦɟɟ ɞɚ ɧɟ ɝɨ ɩɪɢɜɧɚɫɹ ɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɦɭ ɟ ɜɴɧɲɟɧ ȼ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɫɴɫ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɝɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɬɹɥɨ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɜ ɩɴɪɜɢɹ - ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɚ ɧɚɪɢɱɚɧɚ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟɬɨ ɫɢ ɫɴɫ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɞɭɲɚ ɇɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɪɟɞ ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɩɨɞɨɛɟɧ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɚ ɟ ɛɨɝ ɉɪɟɞɢ ɞɜɚɞɟɫɟɬ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɝɨɞɢɧɢ ɜ Ȼɴɥɝɚɪɢɹ ɬɚɤɨɜɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ ɳɟɲɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɦɢɫɥɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɨɫɧɨɜɟɧ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫ – ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɴɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɴɦ ɇɨ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɫɟɝɚ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɫɴɜɫɟɦ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ – ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢɢɥɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɂ ɜɫɟ ɩɚɤ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚɦɢɪɚ ɜ ɬɹɫɧɚ ɢɧɬɢɦɧɚ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɫ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ Ɇɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɚ ɤɴɦ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɋɩɨɪɟɞ ɧɟɹ ɬɨ ɟ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɢ ɢɦɚ ɛɢɬɢɟ ɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɟ ɟɞɧɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɨ - ɟɞɧɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɯɨɦɨɝɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɛɟɡɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɧɨ [3] ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ Ɍɚɤɨɜɚ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɟɳɨ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɬɨ ɟ ɟɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ Ɇɢɫɥɟɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɫɚ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɳɢ ɫɟ ɡɚɩɨɱɜɚɳɢ ɡɚɜɴɪɲɜɚɳɢ - ɬɟ ɛɢɜɚɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɡɚɩɚɡɟɧɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɚɦɟɬ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɱɚɤɜɚɧɟ ɨɬ ɧɹɤɨɹ ɞɭɲɚ Ɍɚɤɚ ɞɭɲɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɱɧɢɹ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɂɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɚ ɫɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ³ɚɧɝɟɥɢ´ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɟɞɧɨ ɧɟɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟ ³ɂ ɤɚɤɜɨ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɬɢɬɟ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɢ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɚɧɝɟɥɢɬɟ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɫɚ ɬɜɚɪɧɚ ɚɥɚ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɇɹɦɚ ɥɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɧɹɤɚɤɜɚ ɦɟɠɞɢɧɧɚ ɬɟɦɩɨɪɚɥɧɚ ɢɧɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɢ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɞɚ ɧɨɫɹɬ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨ ɧɚɝɥɟɞ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɜɟɱɧɢ 8
  • 19. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ WHPSRUD DHWHUQD)´ Ȼɨɹɞɠɢɟɜ
  • 20. ɉɨ-ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ “la ORQJXH GXUée´, ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ´ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɬɚ – ɨɛɳɚɬɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɧɚ ³Ⱥɧɚɥɢ´ Ɍɚɤɚ ɫɟ ɨɱɟɪɬɚɜɚ ɟɞɧɚ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɚ ɫɟ ɮɨɤɭɫɢɪɚ ɧɟ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɮɚɤɬɢɬɟ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɚɬɚ ɩɚɪɚɞɢɝɦɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɚ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɨɬ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɬɟ ɫɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɧɨ ɨɫɜɟɧ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɨɛɯɜɚɳɚ ɜ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɢɬɟ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɬɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɛɟɪɟ Ɂɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɦɢɫɥɢ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɡɚ ɚɧɝɟɥɢɬɟ ɢ ɫ ɬɹɯ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɫɚ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɢ ³ɞɴɥɝɢ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢ´ ³ɛɚɜɧɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ´ ´WHPSRUD DHWHUQD´ ɋɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɬɟ ɟ ɱɟ ɫɴɨɬɧɚɫɹɬ ɡɚɩɨɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚɜɴɪɲɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɤɪɚɣ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɞɴɥɝɢɹ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ Ɍɚɤɚ ɜɪɴɡɤɚɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɹɥɨ ɢ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɨɬɤɪɨɹɜɚɬ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟ Ⱥɥɸɡɢɹɬɚ ɟ ɡɚ ɪɟɤɚ – ɧɚɩɪ ³ɩɨɬɨɤ ɧɚ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ´ - ɤɨɹɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɫɟ ɞɜɢɠɢ ɜ ɟɞɧɚ ɩɨɫɨɤɚ ɢ ɫ ɟɞɧɚ ɨɛɳɚ ɫɪɟɞɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬ ɧɨ ɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɧɟɹ ɢɦɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɩɨɫɨɤɚ ɫɴɳɨ ɢ ɜɢɯɪɢ Ɍɚɤɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɟɞɜɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɧɢɳɟ ɰɹɥɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɚɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ ɫɥɟɞɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɚɫɨɰɢɢɪɚ ɫ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɟɞɧɨ ɜɟɱɧɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟ ³ɂɫɬɢɧɫɤɨɬɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟ ɟ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ ɏɟɝɟɥ
  • 21. ɚ ³ɢɞɟɹɬɚ ɞɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɧɚɞ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 22. ɇɨ ɬɚɤɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɱɚɫɬɬɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɹɜɹɜɚ ɫɩɪɹɦɨ ɰɹɥɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɩɨɹɜɹɜɚ ɫɩɪɹɦɨ ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ [4] ɢ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬɴɬ ɧɚ ɬɚɡɢ ɩɨɹɜɚ ɟ ³ɞɭɲɚɬɚ´ ³Ɍɴɤɦɨ ɜ ɞɭɲɚɬɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɪɚɡɩɨɡɧɚɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɩɚɞɧɚɥɚ ɫɟ – ɧɚ ɦɢɧɚɥɨ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟ ɢ ɛɴɞɟɳɟ – ɜɟɱɧɨɫɬ´ Ȼɨɹɞɠɢɟɜ
  • 23. [5]. ɋɥɟɞ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɜɴɜɟɠɞɚɧɟ ɜ ɟɞɢɧ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɛɨɝ ɧɢɟ ɛɢɯɦɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɜɧɟɫɟɦ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɟɧ ɧɚ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜɢɹ ³ɤɨɩɟɪɧɢɤɚɧɫɤɢ ɩɪɟɜɪɚɬ´ ɜ ɨɛɫɴɠɞɚɧɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɡɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɧɚɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɜɴɩɪɨɫɚ ɡɚ ɛɨɝ ³ɫɚɦ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ´ ɩɨ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɧɢɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɤɚɠɟɦ ɧɟɳɨ ɫ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɢɬɨ ɢɦɚɦɟ ɫɢɝɭɪɟɧ ɩɴɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɡɚ ɧɚɜɥɢɡɚɧɟ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɬɟɪɢɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɢɬɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɢɦɚɦɟ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɭɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨɜɢɹ ɨɬɝɨɜɨɪ ɚ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɧɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ ɧɟ ɜɴɩɪɨɫɚ ɤɚɤ ɛɨɝ ɧɢ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɚ ɬɨɡɢ - ɤɚɤɜɚ ɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɛɨɝ ɟ ɢɥɢ ɝɨ ɢɦɚ ɇɚɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɛɨɝ ɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɞɱɟɪɬɚɜɚ ³ȼɴɩɪɨɫɴɬ ɞɚɥɢ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɤɚɤɜɢ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɢ ɟ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɜɴɪɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ³Ȼɨɝ ɟ´ ɤɚɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ ɫɟɝɚ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɡɚ Ʉɚɧɬ ɬɚɣɧɚɬɚ ɩɨɞɛɭɞɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɩɨɞɤɚɪɜɚ ɰɹɥɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɧɚ ³Ʉɪɢɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɢ ɡɚɞɜɢɠɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɜɚɳɢɬɟ ɝɥɚɜɧɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ´ +HLGHJJHU
  • 24. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ Ɍɨɜɚ ɱɟ ³ɛɨɝ ɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ´ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ȿɬɨ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɨɬ ɬɹɯ 1. ³Ɍɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ɑɨɜɟɤ ɞɨɝɨɧɜɚ ɛɨɝɚ ³ɑɨɜɟɤ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɛɨɝ´ ³ɓɟ ɛɴɞɟɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɛɨɝɨɜɟ´ – ɬɚɤɚ ɟ ɨɡɚɝɥɚɜɢɥ ȿɪɢɯ Ɏɪɨɦ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɯɭɦɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɨ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟ
  • 25. ɧɚ ɸɞɟɣɫɤɚɬɚ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɹ ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɟ ɬɜɴɪɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɜ ɂɪɢɧɟɣ ɱɟ ɛɨɝ ɟ ɫɬɚɧɚɥ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɞɚ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɛɨɝ [6] ȿɞɧɨ ɨɬ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɦɢɹɬɚ ɤɨɝɚɬɨ ɢɡɤɭɲɚɜɚ ɡɚ ɝɪɟɯɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɟ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɛɨɝɨɜɟ ɫɪ ɫ Ɏɪɨɦ -
  • 26. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɬɟ ɫɚ ɧɹɦɚ ɞɚ ɭɦɪɟɬɟ ɳɟ ɨɫɬɚɧɟɬɟ ɛɟɡɫɦɴɪɬɧɢ
  • 28. ɋɤɪɢɬɨɬɨ ɧɟɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɟ ɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɳɟ ɫɟ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɟ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟɬɟ ɫɦɴɪɬɧɢ ɢ ɳɟ ɡɚɬɴɧɟɬɟ ɜ ɡɥɨ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟ ɂ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɩɴɬɹɬ ɨɬ ɜɬɨɪɨɬɨ ɤɴɦ ɩɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɬɟ ɩɴɬɹɬ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɚ ɟ ɛɟɥɹɡɚɧ ɢ ɡɚɞɚɞɟɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɴɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɇɚɹɞɟɧɚɬɚ ɹɛɴɥɤɚ ɚɤɬɴɬ ɧɚ ɝɪɟɯɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɢɹɬ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɩɴɬɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɡɥɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɢ ɡɚɪɚɞɢ ɬɨɜɚ - ɬɴɪɩɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɹɪɚ ɩɨ ɩɴɬɹ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɦɢɧɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɢɡɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɬɨ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɜɢɧɚɝɢ ɢɡɛɴɪɡɜɚɳɨ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɡɥɨ ɧɨ ɫ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɤɪɚɬɤɚ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟ ɞɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɬɨ ɩɨ-ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɢɦɨ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɧɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɧɨ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨ Ⱦɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɦ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɦɢɹɬɚ ɫ ³ɬɟɡɢ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɢ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɬɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɚɤɴɜ ɛ ɨ ɝ ɫ ɜ ɨ ɛ ɨ ɞ ɚ ɢ ɛ ɟ ɡ ɫ ɦ ɴ ɪ ɬ ɢ ɟ ´ Ʉɚɧɬ ɚ -) ³Ɇɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɢɦɚ ɡɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɫɤɚ ɰɟɥ ɧɚ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɫɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɬɪɢ ɢɞɟɢ ɛ ɨ ɝ ɫ ɜ ɨ ɛ ɨ ɞ ɚ ɢ ɛ ɟ ɡ ɫ ɦ ɴ ɪ ɬ ɢ ɟ ɬɚɤɚ ɱɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɩɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɟɞɟ ɞɨ ɬɪɟɬɨɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ´ Ʉɚɧɬ ɚ
  • 29. Ⱦɚɥɢ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɪɨ ɨɬ ɡɥɨ ɂɥɢ ɩɪɟɦɢɧɚɜɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɡɥɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟ ɞɨ ɞɨɛɪɨɬɨ ɂɥɢ ɩɪɟɦɢɧɚɜɚɧɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɧɟ ɞɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɇɟ ɟ ɥɢ ɨɳɟ ɫ ɦɢɬɚ ɡɚ ɝɪɟɯɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɡɚɞɚɞɟɧɚ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɟɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɪɚɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɨ-ɤɴɫɧɨ ɨɬ ɏɟɝɟɥ [7] Ƚɪɟɯɨɩɚɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɫɹɤɚɲ ɢɡɜɟɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɹ ɬɥɚɫɧɟ ɩɪɟɡ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɴɬɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɤɴɦ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɉɪɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɬɭɤ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɜɟɱɟ ɤɚɬɨ Ɍɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɞɧɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨ Dasein +HLGHJJHU
  • 30. Ⱦɚɥɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧ ɤɴɦ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɜɚ ɱɟ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɬɟ ɤɴɦ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɛɴɞɟɳɟ ɧɚ ɛɨɝ Ȼɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɜɢɧɧɨ ɞɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɢ ɩɪɢ ɛɨɝɚ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɥ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɣ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɚɧɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɬɨɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɬ ɢ ɢɡɢɫɤɜɚɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɛɨɝɨɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ ɩɨɠɟɪɬɜɚɥ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɨɛɪɟɤɴɥ ɫɟ ɧɚ
  • 31. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɩɚɫɢ ɯɨɪɚɬɚ ɫɜɪɴɯɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɧɚ ɇɢɰɲɟ ɡɚ ɤɨɝɨɬɨ ³Ȼɨɝ ɟ ɦɴɪɬɴɜ´ [8] ɢɥɢ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɞɨɪɢ ɟ ɭɛɢɥ ɛɨɝɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɡɚɟɦɟ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɧɟɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ – ɧɟɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢ ɧɚ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ - ɧɚ ɛɨɝɨɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤɨɛɨɝ ɢ ɧɚɣ-ɫɟɬɧɟ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɬɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɚ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɢɹ ɡɚɜɚɪɟɧ ɧɨ ɩɪɢɩɨɡɧɚɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɬɨɪɢ ɫɢɧ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɪɴɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɴɤɚ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɢ ɧɨ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɬɨ ɢ ɜ ɤɪɚɹ ɤɨɥɟɝɢ ɫɴɪɚɬɧɢɰɢ ɬɜɨɪɹɳɢ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ - ɜ ɫɴɝɥɚɫɢɟ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɩɨɪɨɜɟ – ɤɚɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɋ ɬɨɜɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɩɪɢɦɢɪɹɜɚɣɤɢ ɫɟ ɢ ɩɨ- ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɫɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɣɤɢ ɫ ɛɨɝɚ ɢɡɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɫɴɬɜɨɪɟɧɚ ɞɚɞɟɧɚ ɧɚɝɨɬɨɜɨ ɞɚɪɟɧɚ ɡɚɜɚɪɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɢ ɫɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚ ɤɴɦ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɴɬɜɨɪɹɜɚɧɚ ɫɴ-ɬɜɨɪɹɜɚɧɚ ɨɬɝɨɜɨɪɧɨ ɢɡɪɚɛɨɬɜɚɧɚ ɡɚɫɥɭɠɟɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɨɹɳɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ³Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɰɢɹ ɫɴɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɚ ɢ ɧɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ´ ɏɟɝɟɥ
  • 32. 2. ³ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ Ʉɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɴɬ ɟ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɚɧ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢ ɧɚɣ-ɞɨɛɪɟ ɨɬ Ɂɢɦɟɥ Ɂɢɦɦɟɥɶ 528-
  • 33. ɤɚɤ ɨɬ ɫɬɚɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ȼ ɟɞɧɚ ɤɚɧɬɢɚɧɫɤɚ ɧɚɫɨɤɚ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɫɬɚɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɹ ɧɟɳɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɯɨɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɭɛɟɤɬ ɬɚɤɚ ɱɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ – ɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɜɚ ɰɹɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɟɧɨɫɬ – ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɜɚ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɴɪɲɟɧɨɫɬ ɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɉɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɛɢɯɦɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɢ ɞɚ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɢɦ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɜ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɜ ɏɭɫɟɪɥɨɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɹɬ ɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɱɪɟɡ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɢɡɜɴɧ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɬɟ ɱɪɟɡ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ɱɪɟɡ ³ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ ɫɢ Ɍɨɣ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɢ ɛɴɞɟɳɟ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟ ɦɢɧɚɥɨ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɹɯɧɚ ɨɛɳɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɢɧɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɧɚ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɬɟ ɦɨɞɭɫɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɟ ɬɨɡɢ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɪɚɡɤɪɢɜɚ ɱɟ ɏɭɫɟɪɥɨɜɢɹɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɟɧ ɫɭɛɟɤɬ - ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɞɭɦɢ ɞɚ ɝɨ ɤɚɠɟɦ ³ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɢɹɬ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ - ɢ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɹɬ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɨɫɦɢɫɥɟɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢ ɟ ɟɞɧɨ ɢ ɫɴɳɨ ɉɨ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɹ ɫ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜɚɬɚ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɚɩɟɪɰɟɩɰɢɹ´ ɩɨ-ɝɨɪɟ ɢɡɤɨɜɚɯɦɟ ɧɨɜ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ɱɢɹɬɨ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɢɜɨɫɬ ɟ ɬɴɪɫɟɧɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɚ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ Ɍɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ȼ ɧɹɤɚɤɴɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ Dasein ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɢɪɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ɫɢ ɚ ɱɪɟɡ ³ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɧɞɟɧɬɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɰɢɹ´ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɞɭɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɩɚɫɬɢɪ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ´ ɫ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɴɳɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɚ ɱɟɪɬɚ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɝɪɢɠɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɜɴɧɲɧɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɡɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ 11
  • 34. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ Ɇɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɤɚɠɟ ɱɟ ɡɚɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɧɚ ³ɧɚɣ-ɰɢɬɢɪɚɧɚɬɚ ɧɟɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɚ ɤɧɢɝɚ´ Ⱦɢɥɬɚɟɜɚɬɚ ³Ʉɪɢɬɢɤɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɟ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ ɨɬ ɏɭɫɟɪɥ ɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɇɨ ɩɪɢ Ⱦɢɥɬɚɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɰɹɥɨɫɬɧɨɬɨ ɦɭ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɩɨ-ɫɤɨɪɨ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɟɞɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɝɥɟɞɢɬɟ ɞɨ ɝɨɥɹɦɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɩɨ-ɤɴɫɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧɚ ɨɬ ³Ⱥɧɚɥɢ´ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ´ ɡɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɩɨ-ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɜ ɨɬɛɥɴɫɤɜɚɧɟ ɨɬ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɞɟɢɬɟ´ ɧɚ ɜɟɥɢɤɢɬɟ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɬɟ ɧɚ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ´ Ⱦɢɥɬɚɟɜɚɬɚ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɝɥɟɞɢɬɟ´ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɬɴɪɫɢ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɫɜɟɬɨɝɥɟɞɚ ɧɚ ɯɨɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ. Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɜɥɚɝɚ ɜ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɫɴɜɫɟɦ ɧɨɜ ɚɤɰɟɧɬ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢ ɧɚɣ-ɤɪɚɬɤɨ ɢɡɹɜɟɧ ɜ -ɢɹ ɬɟɡɢɫ ɡɚ Ɏɨɣɟɪɛɚɯ ³Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɬɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ ɫɚ ɢɧɬɟɪɩɪɟɬɢɪɚɥɢ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɚ ɧɚɣ-ɜɚɠɧɨɬɨ ɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɢ´ 0DU[ 8
  • 35. ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɢɹɬ ³ɪɚɡɭɦ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɜɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɨ ɞɨ ɝɨɥɹɦɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɩɨɤɪɚɣ ɧɟɝɨ ³ɯɢɬɪɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɭɦɚ´ ɏɟɝɟɥ
  • 36. ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɛɟɪɟ ɢ ɨɫɴɡɧɚɟ ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɝɨɜɢ ɨɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɢ ɢ ɨɬɬɭɤ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɞɚ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɫɥɹɩɨ ɞɚ ɢɦ ɫɟ ɩɨɞɱɢɧɹɜɚ – ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɹɤɚɤɴɜ ɛɨɝ ɫɪ ɢ ɫ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
  • 37. . Ɇɚɤɚɪ ɡɚɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɞɚ ɛɟɲɟ ɢɡɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɩɪɢɦɚɦɥɢɜ ɟɞɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɣ- ɜɴɨɞɭɲɟɜɹɜɚɳɢɬɟ ɢɞɟɢ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɨɤɚɡɚ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɟ ɩɪɟɠɞɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɟɧ ³Ɂɚɤɨɧɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɜ ɧɚɣ-ɞɨɛɪɢɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɫɚ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɬɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɴɰɢ ɩɨ-ɫɥɨɠɧɢ ɢ ɨɬ ɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɧɨɬɨ Ɇɚɪɤɨɜɢ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɢ ɫ ɞɨɛɪɨɫɴɜɟɫɬɧɨɬɨ ɦɭ ɞɨɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɜɚɧɟ ɢ ɳɟ ɦɢɧɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɳɟ ɟ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞ ɤɴɪɜɚɜɢ ɝɪɟɲɤɢ ɢ ɪɟɤɢ ɨɬ ɫɴɥɡɢ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɧɚɢɫɬɢɧɚ ɡɚɩɨɱɧɟ ɞɚ ɨɜɥɚɞɹɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɹ ɩɨɥɡɚ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɟ ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɢɹɬ ɬɟɪɦɢɧ ³ɪɚɡɭɦɴɬ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɫɟ ɩɪɢɟɦɚ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧ ɧɚ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɹɬ ɨɡɧɚɱɚɜɚ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɫɴɨɬɧɟɫɟ ɫ ³ɪɚɡɭɦɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɭɱɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɚ ɦɭ ɩɚɪɬɧɢɪɚ ɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɞɚ ɝɨ ɨɜɥɚɞɹɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɜɨɟ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ 3. ³ɂɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ´ ɑɨɜɟɤ ɢɦɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɢ ɳɟ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ GXUée ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɧɚ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ @ ɋɚɦɢɹɬ ɫɬɢɥ ɧɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɜɟɥɢɤ ɮɪɟɧɫɤɢ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ -
  • 38. ɧɟɭɥɨɜɢɦ ɢɡɩɥɴɡɜɚɳ ɫɟ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚɳ ɧɚ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɧɢɹ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ Lovgo ɬɚɤɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɟ ɩɪɨɤɥɚɦɢɪɚɧ ɨɬ ɏɟɪɚɤɚɥɢɬ ³ɟɞɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ´ ɫɪ ɫ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɫɴɳɨ ɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɢ ɫɥ
  • 39. ɚ ɧɟ ɜɟɱɟ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɳɢɹɬ ɞɨɛɚɜɹɳ ɢ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɧɨ ɢɡɤɪɢɜɹɜɚɳ ɩɪɟɜɨɞ ³ɟɞɧɨ ɟ ɦɧɨɝɨ´ ³ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɱɥɟɧɹɜɚ ɢ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɧɨ´ ɢ ɧɚ Lovgo-ɚ - ɤɚɬɨ ³ɪɚɡɭɦ´ ɟɞɜɚ ɥɢ ɧɟ ³ɢɧɬɟɥɟɤɬ´ ³ɚɧɚɥɢɡɴɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɧɟɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɬɨ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɩɨɥɚɝɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɜ 12
  • 40. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɩɨɞɜɢɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɟ ɜɫɟ ɫɴɳɨɬɨ ɜ ɬɪɚɟɧɟɬɨ [ɬɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ] Ɍɭɤ ɟ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɴɱɧɨ ɨɬɱɟɬɥɢɜɚ ɞɟɦɚɪɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɬɚ ɥɢɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ Ɋɚɡɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɦɟ ɪɟɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɠɢɜɹɧɨɬɨ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɬɨ ɩɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɬɨ ɟ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɥɢɜɨɫɬ Ɋɚɡɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɦɟ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɱɟ ɬɨɣ ɟ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧ Ⱥ ɬɨɣ ɟ ɧɟɢɡɦɟɧɟɧ ɩɨ ɞɟɮɢɧɢɰɢɹ ɛɢɞɟɣɤɢ ɫɯɟɦɚ ɨɩɪɨɫɬɟɧɚ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɨɛɢɤɧɨɜɟɧ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ ɩɪɢ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ ɫɧɢɦɤɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɹɳɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ´ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ -
  • 41. Ɉɬɬɭɤ ³ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɴɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɟɬɨ ɨɛɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɦɚ ɤɢɧɟɦɚɬɨɝɪɚɮɢɱɟɧ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ´ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
  • 42. ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɟɧ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɢɡɪɚɡɹɜɚɧɟ ɫ ɞɭɦɢ ɱɪɟɡ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɛɨɪɚɜɢɦ ɫ ɧɟɳɚɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
  • 44. ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɚɜɚ ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɧɨ-ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɧɨ-ɢɧɬɭɢɬɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ Ɍɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɟ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɨɬ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
  • 45. [11] ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɜɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɬɧɟɦɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɫɧɢɦɤɚɬɚ´ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɟɧɚ ɨɬ ɢɧɬɟɥɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 46. Ɍɭɤ ɧɟɩɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ ³ɧɨɳɬɚ´ ɢ ³ɟɜɦɟɧɢɞɚɬɚ´ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɱɢɫɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɨ ɜɴɜ ɜɫɟɨɛɳɚ ɢ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ
  • 47. ɋɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɚ ɨɬɬɭɤ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɱɪɟɡ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɩɪɢ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɟ ɫɹɤɚɲ ɜ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨ ɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɚɥɹɝɚɧɟ tension) ɢ ɪɚɡɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ H[WHQVLRQ), ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɩɪɨɬɹɠɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɹɠɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
  • 48. [12]. Ɂɚ ɧɚɫ ɟ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɱɟ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɧɢ ɞɚɜɚ ɩɪɨɫɬ ɢ ɹɫɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɞɚ ɦɢɫɥɢɦ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ Ⱥɪɢɫɬɨɬɟɥɨɜɢɬɟ ³ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹ´ ɢ ³ɮɨɪɦɚ´ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪɨɜɢɬɟ ³Dasein´ ɢ ³ɝɪɢɠɚ´ ɱɪɟɡ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɱɢɫɬɚɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɢɬɟ ³ɧɨɳ´ ɢ ³ɟɜɦɟɧɢɞɚ´ ɑɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ – ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɛɨɝ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɨɬɧɟɬɨɬɨ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɞɚɞɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɝɨɜ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɫɴɳɨ ɬɚɤɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧɟɬɨ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɞɚ ɩɨɥɭɱɢ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨɫɬ ɢɧɬɟɧɰɢɨɧɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɱɪɟɡ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɜɚ Ɉɬɧɟɦɚɧɟɬɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧɟɬɨ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ – ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɢ ³ɧɨɳɬɚ´ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ³ɞɹɜɨɥɴɬ´ ɧɚ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɤɢɬɟ ɜɹɪɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɨɣ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧɟ ɨɬɧɟɦɚɧɟ ɢ ɩɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɧɟɦɢɧɭɟɦɨ ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚ ɩɨ ɩɴɬɹ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɧɚɥɢɹ – ɬɟ ɨɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɹɧɟɬɨ - ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ³ɱɨɜɟɤ ɫɟ ɫɬɪɟɦɢ ɞɚ ɩɪɢɞɨɛɢɟ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɢ ɭɫɟɳɚ ɮɪɭɫɬɪɚɰɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɜɚɤɭɭɦ ɚɤɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɧɟɪɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɧ´ Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ - 38). Ȼɨɝ ɩɪɟɜɴɡɯɨɠɞɚ ɞɹɜɨɥɚ ɫ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ³ɱɢɫɬɚɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɧɚ ɞɹɜɨɥɚ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɠɚɜɚ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ɫɴɫ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɜɴɩɥɴɳɚɜɚɧɟ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɑɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ – ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɛɨɝ Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ 13
  • 49. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɛɟɡ ɞɭɯ ɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɛɨɝ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɞɹɜɨɥɴɬ ɑɪɟɡ ɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɟ ɞɚɞɟɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɟɟ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪɨɜɚɬɚ ³ɡɚɯɜɴɪɥɟɧɨɫɬ´ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɜɪɴɡɤɚɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɛɨɝ ȿɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɧɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɧɢɹ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɫ ɛɨɝɚ - ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɞɭɲɚɬɚ ɑɪɟɡ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɩɪɟɛɢɜɚɜɚɦɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɟɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɬɧɟɬɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɨɬɨ ɧɨ ɱɪɟɡ ɬɨɜɚ ɢ ɜ ɬɟɯɧɢɹ ɫɬɪɟɦɟɠ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ɧɨ ɢ ɟɞɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɞɪɭɝɨ ɤɴɦ ɫɴɟɞɢɧɹɜɚɧɟ ɤɴɦ ɥɸɛɨɜ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ. Ɂɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɜɴɪɧɟɦ ɤɴɦ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ³ɩɪɟɨɛɴɪɧɟɦ´ ɨɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ
  • 50. ɫɤɢɰɢɪɚɧɚɬɚ ɬɨɤɭ-ɳɨ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɫɪɨɞɧɚ ɫ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɚ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ
  • 51. ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɨ – ɫɥɟɞ Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ – ɡɚ ɬɪɟɬɢ ɩɴɬ Ɍɹɯɧɚɬɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬ ɜɟɱɟ ɫɟ ɢɡɬɴɤɧɚ ɫɟ ɫɴɞɴɪɠɚ ɜ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɫɚ ɞɜɟ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɬɟɧ ɧɟ-ɞɭɯ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɟɧ ɞɭɯ ɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɤɪɚɣɧɨɫɬɹɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɉɪɟɨɛɪɴɳɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɟ ɩɴɪɜɨɬɨ ɢ ɟ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ ɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ – ɜɬɨɪɨɬɨ ɨɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɧɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɧɢɟ Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɬɹɯ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɟɯɟɧ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɦ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ Ɍɨɡɢ ɬɢɩ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɢɧɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɟɧ ɡɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
  • 52. ɩɪɨɢɡɬɢɱɚ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɨɬ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɬɟɡɚ ɢ ɚɧɬɢɬɟɡɚ – ɢ ɞɜɟɬɟ ɫɚ ɧɟ-ɞɭɯ - ɨɬ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚ ɥɢɲɟɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɬɟ ɛɢɬɢɣɫɬɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɫɬɜɨ) ɨɬ ɞɭɯɚ ɂɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɫɟ ɞɜɢɠɢ ɢɡ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɜ ɨɛɢɱɚɟɧ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ [13] Ɍɚɤɚ ɩɪɨɪɨɱɟɫɬɜɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɮɟɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɚ ɡɚ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ – ɧɚɣ-ɦɚɥɤɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ ɸɞɟɣɫɬɜɨ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɨ ɢɫɥɹɦ - ɤɚɤɬɨ ɡɚ ɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɢ ɨɫɩɨɪɜɚɧɢ [14] ɢɡɜɴɧɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɢ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɢ ɧɚɩɪ ȼɚɧɝɚ ɇɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɦɭɫ ɢ ɩɪ
  • 53. ɧɚɦɢɪɚɬ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɩɨ-ɜɢɫɨɤɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɧɚ ɟɞɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɇɟɣɧɚɬɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɟ ɫɥɢɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɫ ɛɨɝɚ Ɍɨɜɚ ɟ ³ɧɢɪɜɚɧɚɬɚ´ ɧɚ ɛɭɞɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɜɟɬɴɬ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚ ɫɬɪɚɞɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɡɨɛɳɨ ɟ ɩɪɟɨɞɨɥɹɧɨ ɧɚɩɴɥɧɨ ɉɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɡɚ ɧɢɪɜɚɧɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ɡɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɤɴɦ ɧɟɹ ɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɬɚɤɚɜɚ ɧɚ Ȼɭɞɚ ɩɪɨɫɜɟɬɥɟɧɢɹ [15] Ɂɚ ɞɚ ɹ ɩɨɫɬɢɝɧɟ ɬɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɬɢɪɚ ɫɴɫɪɟɞɨɬɨɱɚɜɚ ɫɟ ɧɚɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ Ȼɨɠɟɫɬɜɚɬɚ ɢ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɟɬɟ ɞɭɯɴɬ ɫɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɩɴɬɹ ɤɴɦ ɬɨɱɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɢɳɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ Ⱦɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɢ ɒɨɩɟɧɯɚɭɟɪɨɜɨɬɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɇɟɤɚ ɨɛɴɪɧɟɦ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɨɛɪɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɢɹ ɧɨ ɧɹɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɧɟɛɪɟɝɜɚɧ ɮɚɤɬ ɱɟ ɜɴɜ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɫɜɟɬɨɜɧɢ - ɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢ ɫɟ ɧɚɣ-ɤɴɫɧɨ - ɪɟɥɢɝɢɢ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟ ɫ ɩɨ-ɦɚɥɤɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ-ɝɨɥɹɦɚ 14
  • 54. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɞɨɫɬɨɜɟɪɧɨɫɬ ɡɚɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚ ɮɢɝɭɪɚ – Ɇɨɣɫɟɣ Ȼɭɞɚ Ʉɨɧɮɭɰɢɣ Ʌɚɨ Ⱦɡɴ Ȼɭɞɚ ɂɫɭɫ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ Ɇɨɯɚɦɟɞ - ɤɨɣɬɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɧɹɤɚɤɜɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɇɚɬɪɚɩɜɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɨɞɴɬ ɱɟ ɩɪɢ ɬɹɯ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɧɚ ɝɟɧɢɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɜ ɲɢɪɨɤɨ ɫɪɟɳɚɧɚɬɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ³ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ´ ɧɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɪɭɝɨɬɨ – ɩɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ³ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ´ [16] ɢɥɢ ³ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɜɴɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ´ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɧɚ Ʉɚɧɬ - ɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚ ɢ ɰɹɥɚɬɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚ ɜ ɬɱ ɫɴɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɭɤɚ ɰɹɥɚɬɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɞɟɣɧɨɫɬ Ʉɭɥɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɫɟ ɧɚɪɢɱɚ ɨɛɥɚɫɬ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ. ɋɟɝɚ ɜɟɱɟ ɫɦɟ ɜ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɚ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɢɦ ɨɛɟɳɚɧɨɬɨ ɦɚɥɤɨ ɩɨ-ɝɨɪɟ ɤɚɬɨ
  • 55. ɩɪɟɨɛɪɴɳɚɧɟ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɚɬɚ ɚ ɧɚ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɫɹɤɚ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɚ ɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɧɢ ɜɴɡɜɪɴɳɚ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɤɴɦ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ Ȼɨɝ ɩɪɨɢɡɯɨɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɬɨ ɢ
  • 56. [17] ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɞɭɯ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɡɚ ɜɴɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ Ɍɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɡɚ ɚɫɩɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚɬɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɛɨɝ ɟ ɡɧɚɤ ɡɚ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ȼ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɞɨɝɨɧɜɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɜɨɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ fuvsi, ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɝɪɴɳɚ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚɬɚ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɢ ɛɨɝɚ ɬɟ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɦɭ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɞɨɝɨɧɜɚɧɟ Ⱥɤɨ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɟɦɚɧɰɢɩɢɪɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɛɨɝɚ ɚɤɨ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢɧɤɨɪɩɨɪɢɪɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɧɚɩɪ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɩɪɢ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ - ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɜɴɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ - ɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɫɦɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɝɚ ɧɚ ɧɨɜ ɬɢɩ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɫɬɨɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɴɡɯɨɠɞɚɳ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɞɧɢɬɟ – ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚ ɫɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ³ɪɴɤɚ ɡɚ ɪɴɤɚ´ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɬɟ ɫɚ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɛɨɝ-ɜ-ɫɜɟɬɚ´ Sein-in-GHU-Welt, ɧɢɟ- ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ [18], Dazeit. 4. ³ɉɨɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ´. ɂɡɜɟɫɬɧɢ ɫɚ ɬɜɴɪɞɟɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ - “ɇɚɣ-ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɫɤɨɬɨ ɟ ɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɨɳɟ ɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɢɦ ´ +HLGHJJHU
  • 58. ³ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɦɢɫɥɢ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 59. ³ɇɚɣ-ɦɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɫɤɨɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɟ ɱɟ ɧɢɟ ɨɳɟ ɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɢɦ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 60. - ɫɦɹɬɚɧɢ ɨɬ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɡɚ ɫɤɚɧɞɚɥɧɢ ɢ ɩɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɹɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɢ ɧɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɟ ɢɪɨɧɢɡɢɪɚɳɢ Ⱦɟɤɚɪɬɨɜɢɹ ɞɟɜɢɡ ³Ɇɢɫɥɹ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɦ´ ɋ ɰɹɥɨɬɨ ɫɢ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɩɨɞɫɤɚɡɜɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɞɪɭɝ ɬɢɩ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɧɚɩɨɦɧɹɳ ɡɚ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚɳ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɟɡɢɤɴɬ – ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɨ-ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɬɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟ ɡɚ ɧɟɝɨ @ – ɟ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɟɧ ɡɚ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɭ ɓɟ ɫɟ ɨɩɢɬɚɦ ɞɚ ɧɚɦɟɤɧɚ ɡɚ ɤɚɤɜɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɞɭɦɚ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɹ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɚɬɨɦɢ´ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɟɬɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɢ ɨɛɢɱɚɣɧɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɳɟ ɧɚɪɟɤɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨ Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ – ɩɨ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚɬɚ ɧɚ 15
  • 61. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ Ɋɢɤɶɨɪ - -441) – ɫɟ ɢɡɪɚɡɹɜɚ ɬɚɤɚ ³Ⱥ ɟɧɟ ɟ ȼ´ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɫ ɟɞɧɨ ɨɬ ɞɜɟɬɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɡɚ ɢɡɤɥɸɱɟɧɨɬɨ ɬɪɟɬɨ ɢɥɢ ³Ⱥ ɟ ȼ´ ɢɥɢ ³Ⱥ ɧɟ ɟ ȼ´ ɫɪ ɫ ³ɚɧɚɥɢɡɚ´ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɩɪɢ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
  • 62. Ɍɚɤɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɢɡɪɚɡɹɜɚ ɨɧɚɡɢ ɩɭɥɫɢɪɚɳɚ ɦɟɠɞɢɧɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɟ ɨɩɢɬɜɚɲɟ ɞɚ ɞɨɥɨɜɢ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹ ɧɨ ɱɪɟɡ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɟɡɢɤɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɞɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɚ ɬɟ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɚɞɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɩɨɪɟɠɞɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɢɹ ɧɟɣ ɢɧɬɟɥɟɤɬ Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɢɦɚ ɢ ɨɧɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɨɣɧɨɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɜ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɳɨɬɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɢ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɢ ɢɦɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɦɟɠɞɢɧɧɨɫɬ Ɂɚɟɞɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɚ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɨɬ ³Ⱥ ɟ ȼ´ ɚɥɬɟɪɧ ³Ⱥ ɧɟ ɟ ȼ´
  • 63. ɤɴɦ ɩɨ-ɨɛɳɨɬɨ ³Ⱥ ɟ ɧɟ ɟ ȼ´ ȼ ɬɚɤɴɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɱɟ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɜɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ Ⱦɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɜ ɬɚɡɢ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɟɤɡɢɫɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɤɢɹ ɞɟɜɢɡ ³ɋɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɠɞɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɫɟɝɚ ɜɟɱɟ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɦɟ ɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɱɟ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɠɞɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨ-ɦɚɥɤɨ ɧɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ -
  • 65. ȼɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɜɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ³ȼɨɞɢ ɥɢ ɩɴɬ ɨɬ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɤɴɦ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ´ +HLGHJJHU
  • 66. ȼɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɜɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ Ɍɚɤɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɚ ɞɚ ɪɚɡɤɪɢɟ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɞɚɞɟɧɨ ɧɟɳɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɝɨɜɨ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɳɟ ɪɟɱɟ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɢɫɬɢɧɧɨɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɧɚɬɚ ɦɭ ɨɬɤɪɢɬɨɫɬ ajlhvqeia. Ɍɚɤɚ ɩɨɟɬɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɟ ɧɚɫɨɱɟɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɚɬɚ ɤɴɦ ɬɹɯɧɚɬɚ ɧɟɫɤɪɢɬɨɫɬ ɢ ɨɛɨɛɳɚɜɚ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɜ ɧɚɣ-ɲɢɪɨɤ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɬɟ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɏɭɫɟɪɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɟɜɢɡ ɏɭɫɟɪɥ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
  • 67. ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚɧɨ ɨɬ ³ɫɚɦɢɬɟ ɧɟɳɚ´ ɡɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜɢɬɟ ³ɧɟɳɚ ɫɚɦɢ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ´
  • 68. Ⱥɤɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɴɬ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɢɡɪɚɡɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɢ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɳɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ 'D]HLW, ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɜɴɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɣ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɫɚɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɟɞɧɨ ɞɪɭɝɨ ɢ ɩɨ-ɞɴɥɛɨɤɨ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ 'D]HLW Ⱥɤɨ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɴɬ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɨɬ ³Ȼɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ ɟ ³ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚɳɨɬɨ-ɫɟ-ɨɬ-ɫɚɦɨ-ɫɟɛɟ-ɫɢ´ +HLGHJJHU
  • 69. ɬɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɚɦɢɹ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧ ɂɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɦɟ ɥɢ ɫɯɟɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɧɨ ɢ ɯɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɫɴɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɞɜɟ ɜɟɪɬɢɤɚɥɧɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɢ ɧɚ ɞɜɚ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɯɨɪɢɡɨɧɬɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɬɟ ɫɴɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɦɭ ɇɚɣ-ɫɟɬɧɟ ɬɹ ɪɚɜɧɨɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɢ ɞɨɪɢ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɝɢ ɩɪɚɜɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɢ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɧɨ ɩɪɟɥɢɜɚɳɢ ɫɟ ȼɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɟ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ 16
  • 70. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɇɨ ɢ ɧɟɳɨ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ Ⱥɤɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɟ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟ ɜ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɬɨ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɟ ɜ ɩɨɪɨɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɢɡɥɢɲɴɤ ɨɬ ɛɢɬɢɟ @ ɬɟ ɜ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɚ ɫɦɟɬɤɚ - ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ Ƚɚɞɚɦɟɪ ɝɨɜɨɪɢ ɡɚ ³ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɹɜɚɧɟ´ ɧɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɜ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨɬɨ [21]. Ɇɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɫɴɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɫ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɧɟɦɢɧɭɟɦɨ ɩɪɟɫɢɱɚ ɬɨɱɤɚɬɚ [22] ɧɚ ³ɱɢɫɬɨɬɨ ɛɢɬɢɟ´ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɢ ɬɚɡɢ ɧɚ ³ɱɢɫɬɨɬɨ ɧɢɳɨ´ Ɍɹ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɞɭɯɚ ɫ ɩɥɴɬɬɚ ɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɹ ɨɫɜɟɬɹɜɚ ɧɨ ɫɴɳɨ ɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɜɚ Ɇɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɩɨɝɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɧɚ ɝɟɪɨɹ ɜ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɨɬɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɥɨɜɨɬɨ ɰɹɥɨ Ȼɚɯɬɢɧ -
  • 71. Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɚɬɨɦɴɬ ɧɚɣ-ɦɚɥɤɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɟɞɟɥɢɦɚ ɱɚɫɬ ɧɚ ɥɢɬɟɪɚɬɭɪɧɢɹ ɝɟɪɨɣ ɚ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɢɡɪɚɡɧɨ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɨɳɟ ɦɭ ɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ Ɍɨɜɚ ɟ ɬɚɤɚ ɡɚɳɨ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɚɬɨɦɴɬ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɴɥɬɚ ȼɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɫɟ ɨɫɜɟɬɹɜɚ ɢ ɨɫɜɟɳɚɜɚ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɬɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɢ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɬɟ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɢ ɢ ɟɞɜɚ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɡɚɩɨɱɧɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɢɡɝɪɚɠɞɚ ³Ɉɛɚɱɟ ɬɨɜɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɬ ɩɨɟɬɢɬɟ´ [23] ɰɢɬɢɪɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
  • 72. ɫɬɢɯɚ ɧɚ ɏɶɨɥɞɟɪɥɢɧ Ɍɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɢɡɯɨɠɞɚ ɨɬ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɨɤɚɠɟ ɜɟɞɧɴɠ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɧɚɥɢɱɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɢ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪ ɝɟɨɦɟɬɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ȿɜɤɥɢɞ ɢ ɧɚ Ʌɨɛɚɱɟɜɫɤɢ
  • 73. ɜɬɨɪɢ ɩɴɬ ɩɨɧɟɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɢɞɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɹɤɚɤɜɨ ɟɦɩɢɪɢɱɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɢɝɧɨɪɢɪɚ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɦɭ ³ɧɟ ɟ´ɢ ɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɫɚɦɨ ɬɜɴɪɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ³ɟ´ Ɍɴɤɦɨ ɠɚɪɚɜɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ [24] ɫɤɪɢɬɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɝɨ ɨɠɢɜɹɜɚ ɢ ɨɞɭɯɨɬɜɨɪɹɜɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɫɴɳɢɧɫɤɢɹɬ ɦɭ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɤɚɤɴɜɬɨ ɧɟ ɦɭ ɩɪɢɞɚɜɚɬ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɫɟ ɬɜɴɪɞɢ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɭ 5. ³ɋɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ´ ɋɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɨɫɜɟɧ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧ ɫ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟɬɨ ³ɜ ɫɜɟɬɚ´ ɱɪɟɡ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɢ ³ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɬɢɜɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ
  • 74. Ɇɚɤɚɪ ɱɟ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɬ ɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɢ ɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɧɚɫɹɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɨɬɜɴɧ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ -138) ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɫɚɦɨɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɢɪɚ ɱɪɟɡ ³ɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ´ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟ ³ɨɫɴɡɧɚɬɨ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɚ ɜɹɪɚ ɜ ɧɟɳɨ ɩɪɢɟɬɨ ɩɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 75. ³ȼɹɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɜɹɪɜɚ ɜ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɩɨɥɚɝɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɇɨ ɩɨ ɩɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɫɴɡɞɚɜɚ ɨɧɡɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɥɹɝɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɰɟɥɢɹ ɩɨ-ɧɚɬɚɬɴɲɟɧ ɠɢɜɨɬ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 76. Ɉɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ³ɮɢɥɬɴɪ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧ ɧɚ ɛɟɡɤɪɚɣɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɬɢɧɭɭɦ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɳ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɹɜɚ ɫɚɦɨ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɨɬ ɬɹɯ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 77. [25]. 17
  • 78. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɇɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɩɨɝɥɟɞɧɟɦ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɢɩɚɬɢɜɟɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɢɡɢɪɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɧɹɤɚɤɴɜ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɟɧ ɡɚɪɨɞɢɲ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩɴɬ ɧɚ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥ ɩɨ-ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɟ ³ɩɨɥɚɝɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ´ ɱɪɟɡ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ³ɮɢɥɬɪɢɪɚ´ ɢ ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɹ ³ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥ´ ɱɚɫɬ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɫɢɝɧɚɥ´ ɢ ɨɬɯɜɴɪɥɹ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɥɢɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɲɭɦ´ Ɍɚɤɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɟ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɹɳɢ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɢ ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɤɴɦ ɩɨ-ɝɨɥɹɦɨ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɨɬ ɬɚɤɢɜɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɢ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɉɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ³ɤɨɜɟ´ ɫɴɞɛɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɨɬ ɢɡɛɨɪɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɬɹ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɧɟ ɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɧɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɴɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɧɨ ɨɬɜɴɧ ³ɡɚɪɨɞɢɲ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥ´ Ȼɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɢ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɰɟɧɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɢɬɨɫɬɬɚ ɬɟ ɢɡɨɛɢɥɢɟɬɨ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɜ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚɬɚ ɚ ɬɹ ɟ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɡɚ ɩɨ-ɝɨɥɹɦɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɢɡɛɨɪɢ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɜɚ ɞɜɚ ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ Ɍɚɤɚ ɪɚɡɛɪɚɧɨ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɬɨ ɛɨɝɚɬɫɬɜɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɧɚɫɨɱɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɣ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ ɬɟ ɧɟɣɧɢɹ ³ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥ´
  • 79. ɫɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɧɚ ɨɬɤɪɢɬɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɚ ɜ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɢ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɦɢɧɚɥɨɬɨ ɋɟɬɢɜɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ Ɍɹ ɟ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɚ ɫ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɨ ɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɹ ɩɨ ɬɨɜɚ ɱɟ ɨɛɨɫɨɛɹɜɚ ɨɬ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚ ɫ ɧɟɝɨ Ʌɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɡɛɢɪɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɩɴɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɟɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɣɧɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ɞɨɤɚɬɨ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɫɴɩɨɫɬɚɜɹ ɢ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɩɴɬɢɳɚɬɚ ɜ ɟɞɧɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɜ ɛɨɝɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɚ ɢɡɛɢɪɚ ɢɡɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɹɯ ɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɩɪɚɜɢ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɧɟɝɨɜ ɩɴɪɜɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɑɟɫɬɨ ɢɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ ɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ ³ɫɴɪɰɟɬɨ´ ɜɤɥɸɱɜɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɢ ɧɚɪɚɫɬɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ³ɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɚɬɚ´ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɨɪɢ ɦɨɠɟ ɛɢ ɧɚɣ-ɜɚɠɟɧ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɣ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɋɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɫɚɦɨɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨ-ɬɨɱɧɨ ³ɫɚɦɨɫɬɬɚ´ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɪɟɳɚ ɫɟ ɫɴɳɨ ɢ ³ɚɡɨɜɨɫɬ´ ɧɚ ɚɡɚ
  • 80. ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɚɤɴɜ ɩɴɪɜɢɱɟɧ ɨɤɟɚɧ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɨɬ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɬɹ ɟ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɧɚɥɚ ɢ ɮɢɥɬɪɢɪɚ ɫɜɨɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɢ ɫɴɫɬɚɜɤɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɩɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬ ɜɫɟ ɟɞɧɨ ³ɩɨɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ´ ɒɢɡɨɮɪɟɧɢɹɬɚ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɟ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɧɟɣɧɢ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɦɨɝɚɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɧɨɪɦɚɥɟɧ ɩɪɨɰɟɫ ɫɪ ɫ +X[OH et al .DUOVRQ
  • 81. ɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ - ɧɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨɬɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ³Ȼɨɝɴɬ´ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɘɧɝ ³ɧɭɦɢɧɨɡɧɨɬɨ´ ɜɠ ɢ ɂɜɚɧɨɜɚ -
  • 83. – ɩɨ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɟɧ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɝɨɪɧɨɬɨ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɟ - ɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɪɟɝɭɥɚɬɨɪ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɬɟɠɟɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɧɚɩɪ ɘɧɝ
  • 85. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɞɨ ɟɦɚɧɰɢɩɢɪɚɥɢ ɫɟ ɩɨɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɚɡɚ ɞɨ ɫɴɫɬɚɜɹɳɢɬɟ ɝɨ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨɬɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ɋɴɫ ɫɟɬɢɜɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ ɫ ɭɫɟɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɮɢɥɬɪɢɪɚ ɢ ɬɚɤɚ ɞɢɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɪɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɫɜɨɟɛɪɚɡɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ ɧɚ OD ORQJXH GXUéH ɫ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚ ɧɚ Ȼɪɨɞɟɥ [26] %UDXGHO ) ɧɚ ɜɫɟɤɢ ɟɞɢɧ ɨɬ ɬɹɯ ɱɢɹɬɨ ɫɴɜɦɟɫɬɧɚ ɤɚɥɟɣɞɨɫɤɨɩɢɱɧɚ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɢ ɪɟɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɜɚ ɯɨɞɴɬ ɧɚ ɧɚɣ-ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɢɬɟ ɛɴɞɟɳɢ ɢɡɛɨɪɢ ɢ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɢ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɫɴɞɛɚ [27]. ɋ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɤɟɚɧɴɬ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɞɜɨɹɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɢ ɧɚɛɥɸɞɚɜɚɧ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɭɯ ³ɨɤɨɬɨ ɫ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɜɢɠɞɚɦɟ ɛɨɝɚ ɟ ɨɤɨɬɨ ɫ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɬɨɣ ɧɢ ɜɢɠɞɚ´ [28] Ɍɚɤɚ ɛɨɝɴɬ ɟ ³ɧɟ-Ⱥɡɴɬ´ ɧɚ Ɏɢɯɬɟ @ ɋ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚ ɛɟɡ ɞɚ ɛɴɞɟ ɢɡɱɟɪɩɚɧ ɢ ³ɛɨɝ´ ɜ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ @ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ³ɫɴɞɛɚɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɢ ɨɬ
  • 86. ɱɨɜɟɤɚ´ ILOLRTXH). Ɍɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɟ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɴɞɛɚɬɚ ɩɪɢ Ȼɨɟɰɢɣ
  • 88. ɨɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɧɚ Ȼɟɪɞɹɟɜ - -
  • 90. ɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɨ ɫ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɩɪɢ Ⱥ ɂɝɧɚɬɨɜ ɧɚɩɪ 263-
  • 91. ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɫ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɡɚ ³ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨɬɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ´ ɩɪɢ Ʉɚɧɬ ɋɬɨɟɜ
  • 92. ɨɬ ɬɪɟɬɚ 6. ³Ɇɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ´ ³ɉɨɞ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɦɟ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɢ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɢ ɧɚ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥ ɢ ɫɭɛɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɜɫɬɴɩɜɚ ɧɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɴɬ ɚ ɝɪɭɩɚɬɚ ɭɩɨɞɨɛɢɦɚ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɴɦ ɢ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɚ – ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɢɱɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ – ɤɚɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɟɧ ɫɭɛɟɤɬ´ Ʌɟɨɧɬɶɟɜ
  • 93. ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟɬɨ ³ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɫɟ ɜɴɜɟɠɞɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɬ ɧɚɪ ɲɤɨɥɚ ³Ⱥɧɚɥɢ´ Ɇɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ³ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ
  • 94. ɜ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɹɜɹɜɚɳɚ ɫɟ ɩɨ ɬɚɤɴɜ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɨɛɟɤɬ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɨ ɩɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɧɟɣɧɢ ɟɥɟɦɟɧɬɢ ɫɚ ɬɹɫɧɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɢ ɩɨɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɨɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɢ ɝɪɭɩɢ ɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɢ ɫɴɫɬɚɜɹɳɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɫɟ ɫɴɱɟɬɚɜɚɬ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ ɧɨ ɜɢɧɚɝɢ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɬɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɢ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɟɬɨ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɜ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɜɹɬ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬ ɩɨɫɬɴɩɤɢɬɟ ɢ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɯɨɪɚɬɚ´ Ⱦɸɛɢ
  • 95. ³ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɇɨɜɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɟ ɫɴɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɬɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ, ɩɪɢɬɟɠɚɜɚɳɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɞɟɚɥ
  • 96. ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦɢɹ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ Ɂɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɜ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɧɨ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɜɚ ɡɚ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɢ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ³ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢ ɜɴɩɪɨɫɢ ɧɚ ɛɢɬɢɟɬɨ´ ɢɡɪɚɛɨɬɜɚ ɫɜɨɹ ɲɤɨɥɚ ɨɬ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɧɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɢɡɛɢɪɚ ɦɨɞɟɥɚ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫ Ɉɬ ɞɧɟɫ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɫɬɚɜɚ ɧɟ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɚ ɨɬɞɟɥɧɚɬɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɚ ɫ
  • 97. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɧɟɣ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɢ ɫɚɦɨ ɩɨ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ – ɧɟɫɴɡɧɚɜɚɧɢ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɡɦɢ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɹɧɤɚ ɨɬ ɦɢɧɚɥɨɬɨ ɬɨɬɚɥɧɨ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ´ Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦɨɜ
  • 98. ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɬɨ ɡɚ ³ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɟ ɬɹɫɧɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɡɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɢ ɡɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɬɚ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɨɬɨ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɞɚ ɨɬɤɪɢɟɦ ɨɳɟ ɭ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ ³ɇɨ ɚɤɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɚ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɢɪɚɦɟ ɡɚ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɟɧɟɬɨ [ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟ] ɬɟ ɩɨ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɡɚ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɭ ɫ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɹ
  • 99. ɩɴɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɧɨ ɫɟ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɦ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɱɪɟɡ ɭɫɢɥɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɬɭɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ ɢɦɚɦɟ ɭɫɟɳɚɧɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɧɹɤɚɤɜɨ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɧɚɩɪɟɠɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɹɜɹɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɫɪɟɞ ɛɟɡɤɪɚɣɧɨ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɢ ɬɪɚɟɧɟɬɚ [ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟ] Ɉɬ ɬɨɡɢ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɧɚɬɚɬɴɤ ɡɚɛɟɥɹɡɜɚɦɟ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚ ɬɪɚɟɧɟɬɚ [ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɬɚɜɚɧɟ] ɤɨɥɤɨɬɨ ɩɨɠɟɥɚɟɦ ȼɫɹɤɨ ɨɬ ɬɹɯ ɟ ɧɚɩɴɥɧɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨ ɨɬ ɨɫɬɚɧɚɥɢɬɟ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɢ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɬɟ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɨ ɜɴɧ ɨɬ ɞɜɟɬɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɨɥɨɠɧɢ ɝɥɟɞɧɢ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɬɨ ɜɢɧɚɝɢ ɫɟ ɫɜɟɠɞɚ ɞɨ ɟɞɧɨ ɢ ɫɴɳɨ ɧɟɨɛɹɫɧɢɦɨ ɫɴɱɟɬɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɧɨɝɨɬɨ ɫ ɟɞɧɨɬɨ´ Ȼɟɪɝɫɨɧ
  • 100. Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɫɴɞɴɪɠɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɢ ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɚ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɚɬɚ Ɍɨɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɫɴɫɬɜɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɜ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ȼ ɬɹɯ ɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɫɴɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɬɪɢɬɟ ɦɨɞɭɫɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɧɟ ɩɨɹɜɚ
  • 102. ɉɚɪɚɞɨɤɫɚɥɧɨ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɱɟ ɜ ɞɴɥɛɨɤɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ – ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɧɟ ɟ ɩɨɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɨɬ ɮɚɤɬɢ ɞɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ ɜ ɬɚɡɢ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɪɚɡɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ Geschichte) ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɨɝɪɚɮɢɹ +LVWRULH) [31] ɧɚɩɪ +HLGHJJHU 376, 378-
  • 103. - ɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟ ɜɴɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɧɚɩɪ ɫɦɹɬɚɦɟ ɡɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɫɟɬɢɜɧɨ ɜɴɡɩɪɢɟɦɚɧɢ ɨɛɟɤɬɢ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɟ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯ ɟɞɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɹɜɟɧɨ ɢ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɟɧɨ ɜɴɜ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚ ɧɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɨɬ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɬɚɤɚ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɞɭɯɴɬ ɧɟ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɢ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɧɚɩɪ ɫɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɢ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɬɟɥɚ ɬɚɤɚ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɟ ɟ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ Ⱥɥɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɨɬɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɤɪɢɜɚ ɭ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɢ ɩɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ³ɪɚɡɭɦɚ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɧɚ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɬɚ ɥɨɝɢɤɚ ɬɟ ɩɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɴɩɥɴɳɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢ ɬɟɥɚ ɩɨɪɚɞɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɢ Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚ ɥɟɫɧɨ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨ ɭɫɩɹɜɚ ɞɚ ³ɩɪɟɨɛɴɪɧɟ´ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɨɬɨ ɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɬɟ ɞɚ ɝɨ ɢɡɬɴɥɤɭɜɚ ³ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ´ Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɢ ɞɪ
  • 104. ³ɂ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɧɨ ɬɪɹɛɜɚ ɞɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɧɟ ɬɚɤɚ ɢ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɢɦɚ ɫɜɨɣ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ – ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɟ ɫɴɡɧɚɜɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ – ɤɚɬɨ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ – ɟ ɫɴɡɧɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɫɧɟɦɚɳ ɫɟ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɟ ɢɫɬɢɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ´ Ɇɚɪɤɫ
  • 105. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɧɟɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɳɟ ɪɟɱɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɜɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɞɭɯ ɬɟ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ³ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɤɚɤɜɚɬɨ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɧɟ ɹ ɟɤɫɩɥɢɰɢɪɚ ɫɥɟɞɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɢɲɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɜɟ ɞɨɩɴɥɧɢɬɟɥɧɢ ɞɨɪɢ ɢ ɜ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɚ ɧɚ ɇɢɥɫ Ȼɨɪ
  • 106. ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɩɥɢɬɚɬ ɢ ɪɚɡɟɞɢɧɹɜɚɬ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɇɹɤɨɢ ɨɬ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɫɚ ɩɨ-ɛɥɢɡɤɢ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɟɦɢ Ɍɚɤɢɜɚ ɫɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɳɨɬɨ ɡɜɟɧɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ ɧɚɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɢɬɟ ɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɧɢ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɢ ɨɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤɜɢɬɨ ɫɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɱɟɫɬɨ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɫɟ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɬ ɨɤɨɥɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɥɭɠɢ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɡɚɪɨɞɢɲ ɧɚ ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɚ´ ɧɚ ɧɚɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɚɬɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ Ⱥɤɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɚɦɟ ɞɚɞɟɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ³ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ´
  • 107. ɬɨ ɬɹ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɹɜɚ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɜɴɜ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɯɨɪɚ Ɉɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɚɤɨ ɜɡɟɦɟɦ ɞɚɞɟɧ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɬɨ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɦɚɤɚɪ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɹɜɚɬ ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɚ ɫɢ ɩɪɢɩɨɦɧɢɦ Ɇɚɪɤɫɨɜɢɹ ɬɟɡɢɫ ³ɇɨ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɚɬɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɧɟ ɟ ɚɛɫɬɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɜɴɩɥɴɬɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɬɞɟɥɧɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞ ȼ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɬɹ ɟ ensemble-ɴɬ ɨɬ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɢɬɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ´ 0DU[
  • 108. ɑɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɟ ɩɪɨɮɢɥ ɨɬ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ȼ ɲɢɡɨɮɪɟɧɢɹɬɚ ɬɹɯɧɨɬɨ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɫɟ ɝɭɛɢ ³ɦɨɧɨɬɟɢɡɦɴɬ´ ɦɨɧɨɥɢɬɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɟ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɚ ɪɚɡɩɚɞɚ ɫɟ ɧɚ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɉɪɟɯɨɞɴɬ ɨɬ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɤɴɦ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɟ ɩɪɨɦɹɧɚ ɧɚ ɬɨɡɢ ɩɪɨɮɢɥ ɋɯɨɞɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɫɯɨɞɧɢ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɬ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬ ɉɪɨɮɢɥɴɬ ɨɬ ɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɢɬɟ ɫɴɫɬɚɜɹɳɢ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɦɩɥɢɰɢɪɚ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɟɧ ɩɨɝɥɟɞ ³ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ´ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɟ ɧɚɞɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ³ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ´ ³ɞɭɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ´ Ɍɚɤɚ ɞɟɡɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɞɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɚɤɬɨ ɢ ɪɚɡɩɚɞɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ - ɤɚɬɨ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɩɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ Ȼɪɨɞɟɥ
  • 109. - ɞɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɧɢɬɟ ɦɧɨɠɟɫɬɜɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɲɢɡɨɮɪɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨɬɨ´ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɟɞɢɩɨɜɨ´ ɭɛɢɣɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɨɥɢɰɟɬɜɨɪɹɜɚɳ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɰɹɥɨɫɬɧɨɫɬ ³ɍɛɢɬ ɟ ɟɞɢɧ ɦɴɪɬɜɟɰ ɦɴɪɬɴɜ ɨɬɤɪɚɣ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ Ⱦɟɥɶɨɡ Ƚɚɬɚɪɢ ) Ʉɚɩɢɬɚɥɢɡɦɴɬ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɬɟɡɢ ɚɜɬɨɪɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɴɦ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɦɚɲɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹɬɚ´ ɜ ɧɚɬɪɚɩɱɢɜɨ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɢɟ ɧɚ ɲɢɡɨɮɪɟɧɧɨ ɞɟɝɪɚɞɢɪɚɥɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ Ⱦɭɲɚɬɚ ɹ ɧɹɦɚ ɞɭɯɴɬ ɝɨ ɧɹɦɚ Ⱦɪɭɝɢ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨɜɢɬɟ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ ɫɚ ɩɨ-ɞɚɥɟɱɧɢ ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨ-ɱɭɠɞɢ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɟɦɢ ɧɨ ɬɹɫɧɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɢ ɫ ɩɨ-ɛɥɢɡɤɢɬɟ Ɍɚɤɚ ɫɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚ ɦɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɩɨ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɧɚɜɥɟɡɟ ɧɚɜɴɬɪɟ ɜ ɞɭɯɚ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɤɚɤɜɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɧɟ ɫɚ ɜɴɧɲɧɢɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɨɧɟ ɧɟ ɫɚ ɧɚ ɩɴɪɜɨ ɦɹɫɬɨ ɜɴɧɲɧɢɬɟ ɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɬɟ 21
  • 110. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɋɥɟɞ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɩɨ ɬɴɧɤɨɬɨ ɜɴɠɟ´ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɨɬ ɇɢɰɲɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɴɬ ɤɴɦ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɨɬɨ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɫɟ ɟ ɨɡɨɜɚɥ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɬɨɜɚ ³ɨɬɜɴɞ´ ɢɡɜɟɞɧɴɠ ɫɟ ɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪɨɜɚ ɩɨɟɬɢɱɧɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ, ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɫɴɤɪɨɜɟɧɚ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɨɛɚɱɟ ɫɟ ɨɬɪɢɜɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɴɬ ɧɚ ɢɡɫɥɟɞɜɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɟ ɬɭɤ Da – Dasein. Ⱦɭɯɴɬ ɜɟɱɟ ɧɟ ɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɟɧ ɩɨɞ ɮɨɪɦɚɬɚ ɧɚ ³ɛɨɝ´ ɚ ɟ ɬɭɤ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɹɬɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɫɟ ɨɫɴɡɧɚɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨɬɨɩɟɧ ɜ ɧɟɝɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɬɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɟ ɬɜɴɪɞɟ ɫɦɴɬɧɚɬɚ ɩɪɨɦɟɧɥɢɜɚ ɢ ɧɟɭɥɨɜɢɦɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɨɛɟɞɢɧɹɜɚɳɚ ɢ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɳɚ ɨɬ ɞɭɯɚ Ɍɚɡɢ ɩɪɨɦɹɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚɬɚ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɟ ɩɨ-ɫɤɨɪɨ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɬɢɜɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɢ ɢɡɧɟɧɚɞɜɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɪɟɞ ɤɨɝɨɬɨ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨ ɫɟ ɪɚɡɤɪɢɜɚ ɛɨɝɴɬ ɧɟ ɨɬɜɴɞ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ Ʉɚɧɬɨɜɚɬɚ ɬɪɚɧɫɰɟɞɟɧɬɧɚɬɚ ɝɪɚɧɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɫ ɧɟɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɦɚ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɢ ɧɟɩɨɡɧɚɜɚɟɦ ɚ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚɧ ɜɟɱɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɭɯ ɤɚɬɨ ³ɨɛɟɤɬ´ ɢ ³ ɩɪɟɞɦɟɬ´ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɋɟɬɢɜɨ ɡɚ ɬɨɜɚ ɟ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɚ ɧɟ ɬɟɡɢ ɧɚ ɟɦɩɢɪɢɱɧɢɹ ɨɩɢɬ ɚɬɨɦɴɬ ɧɚ ɞɢɫɤɭɪɫɚ ɜɟɱɟ ɧɟ ɟ ɩɪɨɩɨɡɢɰɢɹɬɚ ɚ ɦɟɬɚɮɨɪɚɬɚ ɚ ɜ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɧɚ ɨɛɨɛɳɟɧɢɟ ɞɨɫɟɝɚɲɧɨɬɨ ɫɦɹɬɚɧɨ ɡɚ ɜɴɪɯɨɜɨ ɩɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɫɟ ɟ ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚ ɧɚ ɩɨɟɬɢɱɧɨ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟ Ɍɨɜɚ ɱɟ ³ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɧɟ ɦɢɫɥɢ´ ɜɟɱɟ ɧɟ ɟ ɱɭɞɚɬɚ ɩɪɢɭɦɢɰɚ ɧɚ ɟɤɫɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɟɧ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮ ɚ ɹɫɧɨ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɑɪɟɡ ɧɚɣ-ɛɥɢɡɤɢɬɟ ɞɨ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɢ – ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ – ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢɡɛɢɪɚ ɫɜɨɹ ɩɴɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɴɬ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɬɟ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ Ɇɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɹɜɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɹɤɨɢ ɨɬ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɱɥɟɧɨɜɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɫɴɫ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɧɚɬɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚɬ ɫɴɡɧɚɬɟɥɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɫɴɡɧɚɜɚɧɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɧɢ ɉɨ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ³ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɬɚ´ ɢɡɤɪɢɜɹɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɧɨɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɢɡɜɴɪɲɜɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɚɥɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɢɬɟ ɧɚɦɚɥɹɜɚ ɟɧɬɪɨɩɢɹɬɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɢɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɚɬɚ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬ ɨɬ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɳɢɹ ɢ ɝɨ ɬɢɩɢɡɢɪɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɱɥɟɧɨɜɟɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ Ɍɹ ɫɩɨɹɜɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹ ɟɞɧɨ ɨɛɳɨ ³ɛɚɜɧɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ´ [la ORQJXH GXUée] ɱɪɟɡ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɴɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɜɢɠɟɳɨ ɫɟ ³ɩɴɬɭɜɚɳɨ´ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɬɨ ɬɟ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɚɜɚ ɞɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚ Ɇɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɢɦɚ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɧɚ ɢɧɟɪɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɬɚ 7. ³ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɢɡɛɨɪ´ Ɇɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɟ ɧɚɥɢɰɟ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɟɧ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɟɧ ɚɧɚɥɨɝ ɧɚ ɫɴɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɧɟɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɏɚɣɡɟɧɛɟɪɝ ɂɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɬɨɝɚɜɚ ɳɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɜɚ ɮɢɤɫɢɪɚɧɟ ɧɚ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɫɴɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹ ɧɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɧɟɹ
  • 111. ɧɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɴɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɟ ɟɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɟɧ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɬɢɱɚ ɞɟɬɟɪɦɢɧɢɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɂɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɧɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ɢɡɨɦɨɪɮɟɧ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɬɨ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɟ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɱɢɢɬɨ ɱɥɟɧɨɜɟ ɫɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ ɧɚ 22
  • 112. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢ ȼɴɜ ɜɫɟɤɢ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɧɹɤɨɹ ɩɚɪɬɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɩɚɪɬɢɢ ɨɬ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚɬ ɩɨɞɬɢɫɧɚɬɢ ³ɦɚɥɰɢɧɫɬɜɨ´ ɚ ɞɪɭɝɢ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɚɳɢ – ³ɛɨɥɲɢɧɫɬɜɨ´ ɑɪɟɡ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɨɛɳɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɜ ɤɪɚɣɧɚ ɫɦɟɬɤɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢ ɢɡɛɨɪɢ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ Ⱥɤɨ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɚɦɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɳ ɫɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ – ɤɨɟɬɨ ɟ ɨɛɢɱɚɟɧ ɧɚɱɢɧ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɧɟ ɜ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ - ɬɨ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɬɟ ɫɴɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɚɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨɜɢɹ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɫɪ ɫ ɇɚɥɢɦɨɜ ɛ -
  • 113. Ɍɨɝɚɜɚ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɴɳɢɹ ɚɜɬɨɪ ɇɚɥɢɦɨɜ ɛ -
  • 114. ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ³ɬɟɤɫɬɚ´ ɬɚɤɚ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɤɚɠɟ ɜ ɯɨɞɚ ɧɚ ³ɧɚɩɢɫɜɚɧɟɬɨ´ ɣ
  • 115. ɞɚ ɢɡɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɦɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɨ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ ³ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟ´ ³ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ´ ɑɪɟɡ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɦɢɫɥɢ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɢɹɬ ³ɪɚɡɭɦ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ´ ɫɟ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɂɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɪɚɡɛɢɪɚ ɫɟ ɫɟ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɚɬ ɨɬ ɯɨɪɚɬɚ ɑɪɟɡ ɬɹɯ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚɬ ɟɞɧɨ ɰɹɥɨ ɫ ɞɭɯɚ Ɂɚɬɨɜɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟ ɟ ɬɨɜɚ ɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ ɜ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɬɨ ɟ ɤɚɣɪɨɫ Ɍɢɥɥɢɯ
  • 116. ³ɡɪɹɥɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ´ ɂɝɧɚɬɨɜ ) ɚ ɧɟ ɯɪɨɧɨɫ ȼ ɬɚɡɢ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɪɟɞɢɰɚ ɚɜɬɨɪɢ ɢɡɬɴɤɜɚɬ ɱɟ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚɬɚ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɹ ɧɚɩɪ Ɇɟɪɞɠɚɧɨɜɚ -
  • 117. ɬɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɳɢɹɬ ɦɢɬ – ɡɚ ɜɴɩɥɴɳɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɡɚ ɛɨɝɨɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ – ɟ ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɜɟɱɟ ɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤ ɢ ɞɭɯ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɬɨ ɱɪɟɡ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɡɚɟɞɧɨ ɫ ɬɨɜɚ ɫɟ ɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɢ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧ ɬɨɡɢ ɧɚ ɏɪɢɫɬɨɫ ɢ ³ɧɟɝɨɜɢɬɟ ɞɜɟ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɢ´ Ɍɨɜɚ ɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɯɪɢɫɬɢɹɧɫɤɚɬɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɚɦɨ ɫɟ ɫɟɤɭɥɚɪɢɡɢɪɚ ɨɬ
  • 119. Ɇɚɪɤɫ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɢɝɪɚɜɚɬ – ɛɟɡ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɨɫɩɨɪɜɚ ɩɴɪɜɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɫɩɪɹɦɨ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɨɬɯɜɴɪɥɟɧɚ ɟɞɧɚ ɩɪɟɡ ɇɢɰɲɟ ɨɬ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ
  • 120. – ɞɜɟ ɫɪɨɞɧɢ ɬɴɥɤɭɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ
  • 122. ɤɚɬɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɬɚ
  • 123. ɂɡɛɨɪɴɬ ɫɦɢɫɴɥɴɬ ɦɢɫɥɟɧɟɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ – ɜɫɢɱɤɢ ɬɟ ɫɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɬ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ Ɍɚɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟɬɨ ɡɚ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨɫɬ ɚ ɨɬɬɭɤ ɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬ ɫɟ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɜɚɬ ɜ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɜɟɱɟ ɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɚ ɗɩɲɬɟɣɧ -
  • 124. ɦɨɝɚɬ ɞɚ ɫɟ ³ɜɢɪɬɭɚɥɢɡɢɪɚɬ´ ³ȼɢɪɬɭɚɥɧɨɬɨ ɢɡɥɢɡɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɟɧ ɩɥɚɧ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɧɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ´ Ʉɚɧɚɜɪɨɜ
  • 125. [32] Ɉɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɧɚɩɪ ɨɬ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɟɡ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɜ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɬɨ ɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɜ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚɩɪ ɚɤɫɢɨɦɚɬɢɱɧɨ- ɢ ɯɢɩɨɬɟɬɢɤɨ-ɞɟɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɬɟɨɪɢɹ ɧɚ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɞɪ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɡɢɤɚɬɚ ɧɚɩɪ ɤɜɚɧɬɨɜɚɬɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɬɚ ɮɢɡɢɤɚ ɢ ɞɪ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɧɨ ɫɟ ɢɡɩɨɥɡɜɚɬ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɦɨɞɟɥɢ 23
  • 126. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɂɞɟɹɬɚ ɡɚ ³ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ´ ɢɥɢ ³ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɚ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɚ´ Ʉɚɩɢɰɚ Ʉɭɪɞɸɦɨɜ Ɇɨɥɧɟɰɤɢɣ ) ɟ ɩɥɚɲɟɳɚ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɚɦɥɢɜɚ ɧɨ ɧɚɣ-ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɟ ɱɟ ɧɟɣɧɢɬɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹ ɫɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɢɪɚɬ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɢɹ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɞɨ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɣ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ ɜ Ⱦɪɟɜɧɚ Ƚɴɪɰɢɹ ɢ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɣɧɨɬɨ ɧɚɢɦɟɧɭɜɚɧɟ ɩɪɢ ɉɢɬɚɝɨɪ Ʌɨɝɨɫɴɬ ɩɪɟɡ ɏɟɪɚɤɥɢɬ ɱɟ ɱɚɤ ɞɨ ɏɚɣɞɟɝɟɪ ɜɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɧɨ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɜɨɞɟɳɢɹɬ ³ɧɚɣ-ɦɴɞɪɨɬɨ´ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɧɚ ɉɢɬɚɝɨɪ ɨɫɬɚɜɚ ɫɤɪɢɬɨɬɨ ɦɢɫɬɢɱɧɨɬɨ ɧɟɚɪɬɢɤɭɥɢɪɚɧɨɬɨ ɧɟɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɨɬɨ Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ ɟ ɥɨɝɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɚ – ɜɴɜ ɜɪɴɡɤɚ ɫ ɇɢɰɲɟ ɹ ɭɩɪɟɤɜɚ Ⱦɟɪɢɞɚ ), - ɬɹ ɜɴɩɪɟɤɢ ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɳɟ ɩɪɢɛɚɜɢɦ ɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɫɟ ɨɫɴɡɧɚɜɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɳ ɫɟ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɭɦ ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɭ ɬɭɤ ɬɭ ɬɚɦ ɩɨɹɜɹɜɚɳɚ ɫɟ ɢ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚɳɚ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɳɚ ɫɟ ɫɥɟɞɚ Ⱦɟɪɢɞɚ - ɢ ɞɪ) ɩɨɱɬɢ
  • 127. ɧɟɩɪɨɡɧɨɫɢɦɨ ɫɪ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ Ⱦɟɪɪɢɞɚ
  • 128. ɫɪɥɟɞ ɢ ɫɥɪɟɞ [33] ɬɟɤɫɬɚ [34] ɉɢɬɚɝɨɪɨɜɨɬɨ ɑɢɫɥɨ ɫɟ ɟ ɢɡɝɭɛɢɥɨ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɨɞɟɳɚɬɚ ɫɥɟɞɚ ɧɚ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɚɬɚ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɨɳɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɣɧɨɬɨ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚɧɟ ɛɢɞɟɣɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɫɬɟɧɨ ɢ ɛɢɜɚɣɤɢ ɢɡɦɟɫɬɜɚɧɨ ɩɨɜɟɱɟ ɨɬ ɞɜɚɞɟɫɟɬ ɢ ɩɟɬ ɜɟɤɚ ɨɬ ɞɭɦɚɬɚ -
  • 129. ³ɱɢɫɥɨ´ [35] ɬɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɬɪɚɩɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ Ʌɨɝɨɫɚ ɨɛɪɚɡ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɫɥɭɱɜɚ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɩɨɹɜɢ ɟɞɜɚ ɫɟɝɚ ɜ ɢɞɟɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ – ɨɳɟ ɫɴɫ ɫɤɪɢɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɫɢ ɩɪɢ ɉɢɬɚɝɨɪ - ɤɚɬɨ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬ ɞɧɟɫ ɩɨɤɚɡɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɚɡɜɚ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɚɬɚ ɜɢɧɚɝɢ ɟ
  • 130. ɛɟɡ ɧɢɤɨɝɚ ɞɚ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɟ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɫɥɟɞɚɬɚ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɟ ɫɚɦɨɬɨ ɛɢɬɢɟ. ɇɨ ɱɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɧɟ ɠɟɥɚɟ ɞɚ ɩɨɞɬɢɫɧɟ ɞɭɦɚɬɚ ɑɢɫɥɨɬɨ ɢɫɤɚ ɫɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫɴɫ ɋɥɨɜɨɬɨ Ɍɨɜɚ ɫɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹɬɚ LQIRUPDWLR ɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɱɢɹɬɨ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɟ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɭɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɨɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɹɜɚɧɨ ɜ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɢ ɬɨ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɢɡɛɨɪ ȿɡɢɤɴɬ – ɬɟɤɫɬ ɢ ɫɦɢɫɴɥ ɨɬ ɟɞɧɚ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ ɋɥɨɜɨ ɢ ɑɢɫɥɨ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɚ ɫɴɳɧɨɫɬɧɚɬɚ - ɟ ɡɚɩɢɫ ɢ ɜɴɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬ ɡɚ ɩɪɨɞɴɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɬɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɟ ɡɚɩɚɡɜɚ ɜ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɟ ɰɟɥɨɫɬɬɚ Ɍɹ ɫɟ ɢɡɹɜɹɜɚ ɜ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨɹɜɹɜɚɳɢɹ ɢ ɢɡɱɟɡɜɚɳɢɹ ɬɭɤ-ɬɚɦ ɫɥɭɱɜɚɳɢɹ ɫɟ ɧɟɝɨɜ ɢɡɛɨɪ ɬɟ ɤɚɬɨ ɧɟɡɚɩɚɡɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɢɡɛɨɪɚ ɤɚɬɨ ɞɭɯ 8. ³ɋɴɬɪɭɞɧɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɫ ɞɭɯɚ´ ȼ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɉ Ɍɟɣɹɪ ɞɶɨ ɒɚɪɞɟɧ ɡɚ ɧɨɨɝɟɧɟɡɟɬɚ ɢɦɚ ɧɟɳɨ ɫɯɨɞɧɨ ɫ ɏɟɝɟɥɨɜɚɬɚ ɮɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ – ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɥɟɠɢ ɨɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɚ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɧɨɫɬ Ȼɚɛɨɫɨɜ
  • 131. ɑɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɟ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɤɨɜɚ ɤɪɚɟɧ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬ ɨɬ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɤɨɥɤɨɬɨ ɫɴɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɜ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɢɹ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɉɪɢ ɬɨɜɚ ɫɟ ɫɜɴɪɡɜɚɬ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɨɡɧɢɬɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɴɦ ɛɨɝɚ ɫ ɧɚɭɱɧɢɬɟ ɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɴɦ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚɬɚ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 132. ³Ɋɟɥɢɝɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ɫɚ ɞɜɟ ɧɟɪɚɡɪɢɜɧɨ ɫɜɴɪɡɚɧɢ ɫɬɪɚɧɢ ɢɥɢ ɮɚɡɢ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɢ ɫɴɳ ɩɴɥɟɧ ɚɤɬ ɧɚ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɟɞɢɧ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧ ɦɨɠɟ ɞɚ ɨɛɯɜɚɧɟ ɦɢɧɚɥɨɬɨ ɢ ɛɴɞɟɳɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɞɚ ɝɢ 24
  • 133. ˀ̱̥̻̯̌̚ ̏ ̶̶̛̛̛̛̣̯̏̌́̌̚ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɞɚ ɢɡɦɟɪɢ ɡɚɜɴɪɲɢ´ Ɍɟɣɹɪ ɞɟ ɒɚɪɞɟɧ
  • 134. ɋɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɧɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɚ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ
  • 135. ɢ ɢɡɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɬɚ ɧɚɞ ɧɟɹ ɤɚɬɨ ɩɨ-ɫɥɨɠɧɚ ɢ ɫɴɜɴɪɲɟɧɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧ ɫɮɟɪɚ ɧɚ ɦɢɫɴɥɬɚ ɫɴɡɧɚɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɨɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ
  • 136. ɜɫɴɳɧɨɫɬ ɫɚ ɟɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɢ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢ ɧɚ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɬɚ Ȼɚɛɨɫɨɜ
  • 137. ³Ⱦɚ ɫɟ ɜɴɞɜɨɪɢɦ ɜ ɛɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɚɬɚ ɫɪɟɞɚ Ɉɤɚɡɜɚ ɫɟ ɱɟ ɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɦ ɫɴɫ ɫɚɦɚɬɚ ɞɴɥɛɨɱɢɧɚ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɹɬɚ ɞɭɲɚ ɢ ɧɚɣ-ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɨɬɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɹɬɚ´ Ɍɟɣɹɪ ɞɟ ɒɚɪɞɟɧ
  • 138. Ⱦɨɧɹɤɴɞɟ ɫɯɨɞɧɢ ɜɴɡɝɥɟɞɢ ɡɚ ɧɨɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɢɦɚ ȼ ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɤɢ Ɍɹ ɟ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɨɬɨ ɨɬ ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɜ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɬɚ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ – ɫɴɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɬɨ ɜ ɧɚɲɢ ɞɧɢ ȼɟɪɧɚɞɫɤɢɣ
  • 139. ɉɨɜɴɪɯɧɨɫɬɬɚ ɧɚ ɡɟɦɹɬɚ ɟ ɨɛɯɜɚɧɚɬɚ ɢɡɰɹɥɨ ɨɬ ɠɢɜɨ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɛɢɨɫɮɟɪɚɬɚ ɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚ ɛɟɡɤɪɚɣɧɨ ɝɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɬɚ ɫɢ ɫɢɥɚ ɢ ɩɪɟɪɚɛɨɬɜɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɭɱɧɚɬɚ ɦɢɫɴɥ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɟ ɩɪɟɜɪɴɳɚ ɜ ɧɨɨɫɮɟɪɚ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 140. ɉɨɞɨɛɧɨ ɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɬɨ ɧɚ Ʉ ɉɨɩɴɪ ɡɚ ³ɫɜɹɬ ´ ³ɟɞɧɚ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɤɨɹɬɨ ɞɨɪɢ ɧɟ ɟ ɧɨɜɚ ɬɴɣ ɤɚɬɨ ɜɨɞɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɬɨ ɫɢ ɨɳɟ ɨɬ Ƚ Ɏɪɟɝɟ´ ɉɨɩɴɪ
  • 141. Ɂɚ ɪɚɡɥɢɤɚ ɨɬ ³ɫɜɹɬ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɧɢɬɟ ɬɟɥɚ´ ³ɫɜɹɬ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɢɬɟ ɥɢɱɧɢ ɫɭɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɢ ɩɪɟɠɢɜɹɜɚɧɢɹ´ ³ɧɚɪɢɱɚɦ ɫɜɹɬ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢɹ ɭɦ ɪɟɡɭɥɬɚɬɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɚɬɚ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɚ ɞɟɣɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɢɹ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɧ ɱɨɜɟɲɤɢ ɟɡɢɤ ɧɚ ɧɚɲɟɬɨ ɨɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɦɢɫɥɨɜɧɨ ɫɴɞɴɪɠɚɧɢɟ ɢɡɪɟɱɟɧɨ ɢɥɢ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɚ ɫɴɳɨ ɬɚɤɚ ɫɜɟɬɚ ɧɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɹɬɚ ɢ ɢɡɤɭɫɬɜɨɬɨ´ ɩɚɤ ɬɚɦ
  • 142. ³Ɇɨɹɬɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɚ ɬɟɡɚ ɟ ɱɟ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚɬ ɢ ɨɛɟɤɬɢ ɤɨɢɬɨ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɬ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɨ ɤɴɦ ɋɜɹɬ – ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɜɫɟ ɨɳɟ ɧɟɨɬɤɪɢɬɨɬɨ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɫɬɜɨ ɜɴɪɯɭ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɦɚɬɟɦɚɬɢɤɴɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɢ ɞɧɟɫ ɢ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɳɟ ɨɬɤɪɢɟ ɭɬɪɟ´ ɉɨɩɴɪ
  • 143. ɑɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɫɴɡɞɚɜɚ ɟɞɢɧ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ ɫɜɹɬ ɧɚ ɤɭɥɬɭɪɚɬɚ ɢ ɧɚɭɤɚɬɚ ³ɧɨɨɫɮɟɪɚ´ ɩɪɟɜɴɪɧɚɥ ɫɟ ɜɟɱɟ ɜ ³ɩɥɚɧɟɬɚɪɧɚ ɫɢɥɚ´ ³ɫɜɹɬ ´ ɤɨɣɬɨ ɫɩɨɪɟɞ ɉɨɩɴɪ ɫɴɳɟɫɬɜɭɜɚ ɨɛɟɤɬɢɜɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɚ ɱɪɟɡ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɬɚ ɧɚ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɢ ɤɚɬɨ ɬɟɥɚ ɨɬ ɫɜɹɬ ɢɥɢ ɞɚ ɫɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɢɪɚ ɜ ɩɪɟɠɢɜɹɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɫɜɹɬ ɋɩɨɪɟɞ Ɍɟɣɹɪ ɞɶɨ ɒɚɪɞɟɧ ɬɨɡɢ ɫɴɡɞɚɜɚɧ ɨɬ ɱɨɜɟɤɚ ɫɜɹɬ ɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɢɝɢɛɟɥɟɧ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɟɧ ɱɨɜɟɤɴɬ ɟ ɫɴɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤ ɧɚ ɛɨɝɚ ɜ ɧɟɝɨɜɨɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɫɴɡɞɚɜɚɧɟ ɜɴɜ ɜɪɟɦɟɬɨ ɢ ɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹɬɚ ɞɜɢɠɟɳɚ ɫɟ ɤɴɦ ³ɬɨɱɤɚɬɚ Ɉɦɟɝɚ´ ȼɫɢɱɤɢ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɢ ɤɨɧɰɟɩɰɢɢ ɫɚ ɬɜɴɪɞɟ ɫɯɨɞɧɢ ɫ ɬɚɡɢ ɧɚ ɏɟɝɟɥ ɨɳɟ ɨɬ ³Ɏɟɧɨɦɟɧɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ´ ɡɚ ɫɚɦɨɨɫɴɡɧɚɜɚɧɟɬɨ ɧɚ ɞɭɯɚ ɜ ɪɟɥɢɝɢɹɬɚ ɡɚ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɳɟ ɫɬɚɧɟ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨ ɞɭɦɚ ɩɨ-ɞɨɥɭ ɢ ɜɴɜ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹɬɚ Ɍɹ ɨɫɜɟɧ ɜɫɢɱɤɨ ɞɪɭɝɨ ɢɦɚ ɩɪɟɞɢɦɫɬɜɨɬɨ ɞɚ ɝɢ ɩɪɟɞɯɨɠɞɚ ɯɪɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ȼ ɞɭɯɚ ɧɚ ɢɡɥɨɠɟɧɨɬɨ ɩɨ-ɝɨɪɟ ɳɟ ɪɚɡɝɥɟɠɞɚɦɟ ɬɴɤɦɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɧɚɬɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ ɢ ɤɨɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɬɚ ɦɟɧɬɚɥɧɨɫɬ ɤɚɬɨ ɫɚɦɨɢɡɝɪɚɠɞɚɳɨ ɫɟ ɢ ɱɪɟɡ ɬɨɜɚ ɧɚɩɪɟɞɜɚɳɨ ɜ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɬɨ ɜɴɬɪɟɲɧɨ ɫɟɬɢɜɨ ɤɨɟɬɨ ɫɥɟɞɜɚ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɜɚ ɜ ɨɤɟɚɧɚ ɨɬ ɫɦɢɫɥɢ ɞɚ ɜɴɡɧɢɤɜɚ ɨɤɨɥɨ ³ɤɪɢɫɬɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɢɬɟ ɹɞɪɚ´ ɧɚ ɜɟɱɟ 25