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Introduction to
Sociology
I can demonstrate an understanding of the main
concepts and theories within sociology – foundations
THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
BREAKING IT DOWN
STUDY OF THE
ACTIONS AND
INTERACTIONS OF
INDIVIDUALS WITHIN
GROUPS
 STRUCTURE
SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS AND
OPPORTUNITIES
 AGENCY
INDIVIDUAL CHOICES AND
DECISIONS
Amanda Todd – what caused
her death?
SUICIDE AS A SOCIOLOGICAL ACT
"Rather than a preoccupation with putting fences on bridges and what have
you, I'd rather put money into ... getting to a place where we can talk about
the s-word and how to do intervention."
“Suicide barrier
on Bloor Viaduct
worked, but
jumpers went
elsewhere:
study”
- July 2010
Globe and
Mail
"Suicides at the Golden Gate
Bridge are contagious," said
Michael McCamus, former
executive director of the
Toronto-based Family
Association for Mental Health
Everywhere.
Defining Sociology
 Social science discipline that examines development and
structure of human society (institutions)
 Social change and social causes and consequences of
human behavior
 Sociologists theorize on nature of changes that bring about
SOCIAL ORDER AND SOCIAL INSTABILITY
 predictable or unpredictable
 gradual or sudden
 spontaneous or follow a specific course
 Sociologists investigate structure of groups, organizations, and
societies, and how individuals are impacted
Main
Concepts in
Sociology
SOCIAL ROLES
HIERARCHY
VALUES AND RULES
NORMS
ROLES
What are Norms?
 Norms are behaviours that govern social action and
which the majority of the members of society
regards as proper, right and expected.
 Norms lead to the standardization of behaviour
within any given society
 Norms are an important form of social control
Norms
 There are four types of norms:
Mores (vital for its survival; what is right
and wrong, moral and immoral)
Folkways (norms governing behaviour
which the society considers acceptable
but does not insist upon)
Taboos (are behaviours that society finds
revolting)
Laws (norms codified/formalized through
the legislative process)
What are Social Institutions?
 Social institutions are established sets of norms
and subsystems that support each society's
survival
SOCIETY
Families
(reproduce and
nurture)
Economy
(production,
distribution,
consumption of
goods and
services)
Government
(Controls conflict
between groups
and contributes
to sharing of
norms and
values)
Education
(socializes young
people, teaching
them things they
need to know in
adult life)

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Sociology overview vautour

  • 1. Introduction to Sociology I can demonstrate an understanding of the main concepts and theories within sociology – foundations THE SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
  • 2. BREAKING IT DOWN STUDY OF THE ACTIONS AND INTERACTIONS OF INDIVIDUALS WITHIN GROUPS
  • 3.  STRUCTURE SOCIAL CONSTRAINTS AND OPPORTUNITIES  AGENCY INDIVIDUAL CHOICES AND DECISIONS
  • 4. Amanda Todd – what caused her death?
  • 5. SUICIDE AS A SOCIOLOGICAL ACT "Rather than a preoccupation with putting fences on bridges and what have you, I'd rather put money into ... getting to a place where we can talk about the s-word and how to do intervention." “Suicide barrier on Bloor Viaduct worked, but jumpers went elsewhere: study” - July 2010 Globe and Mail "Suicides at the Golden Gate Bridge are contagious," said Michael McCamus, former executive director of the Toronto-based Family Association for Mental Health Everywhere.
  • 6. Defining Sociology  Social science discipline that examines development and structure of human society (institutions)  Social change and social causes and consequences of human behavior  Sociologists theorize on nature of changes that bring about SOCIAL ORDER AND SOCIAL INSTABILITY  predictable or unpredictable  gradual or sudden  spontaneous or follow a specific course  Sociologists investigate structure of groups, organizations, and societies, and how individuals are impacted
  • 7.
  • 10. What are Norms?  Norms are behaviours that govern social action and which the majority of the members of society regards as proper, right and expected.  Norms lead to the standardization of behaviour within any given society  Norms are an important form of social control
  • 11. Norms  There are four types of norms: Mores (vital for its survival; what is right and wrong, moral and immoral) Folkways (norms governing behaviour which the society considers acceptable but does not insist upon) Taboos (are behaviours that society finds revolting) Laws (norms codified/formalized through the legislative process)
  • 12. What are Social Institutions?  Social institutions are established sets of norms and subsystems that support each society's survival
  • 13. SOCIETY Families (reproduce and nurture) Economy (production, distribution, consumption of goods and services) Government (Controls conflict between groups and contributes to sharing of norms and values) Education (socializes young people, teaching them things they need to know in adult life)

Notas del editor

  1. Individual as a member of a group You have own agency but on other hand there is a collective responsibility for your life – where you live, where you are located, what kinds of formal institutions are near you – impact your life as much as your own decisions STRUCTURE VS AGENCY
  2. MUST STUDY WHOLE GROUPS OF PEOPLE TO REALLY UNDERSTAND – COLLECTIVE PHENOMENA ARE NOT MERE AGGREGATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL PHENOMENA – SOMETHING WEIRD ABOUT COLLECTIVITY WHY DO GROUPS OF PEOPLE BECOME SICK? WIDESPREAD APPLICATION IN PUBLIC POLICY AND PUBLIC HEALTH – SOCIOLOGICAL INTERVENTION (HOW WE DESIGN OUR CITIES, MASS MEDIA CAMPAIGNS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH) STRUCTURE IN WHICH INDIVIDUAL IS EMBEDDED – CHANGE STRUCTURE, CHANGE INDIVIDUAL SUICIDE –WHAT KIND OF SOCIAL SYSTEM PERMITS THIS TO HAPPEN? IS IT TRULY AN INDIVIDUAL ACT? OR DOES SOCIETY HAVE SOME BEARING? THE MOST ANTI SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IS ACTUALLY SOCIAL
  3. SUICIDE –WHAT KIND OF SOCIAL SYSTEM PERMITS THIS TO HAPPEN? IS IT TRULY AN INDIVIDUAL ACT? OR DOES SOCIETY HAVE SOME BEARING? THE MOST ANTI SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR IS ACTUALLY SOCIAL What would happen if there is some structure in place that could CONSTRAIN the behaviours of these people?
  4. In the past decade, barriers on bridges - often pricey and controversial, especially on heritage structures - have become one of the more highly regarded ways of preventing suicide: After years of debate, Montreal's Jacques Cartier Bridge got a barrier in 2004; the B.C. government has pledged to erect barriers on many of its new bridges across the province. The Toronto Transit Commission vowed earlier this year to set up barriers at each of its 69 subway stations, although the TTC doesn't know where the approximately $10-million per station will come from. Luminous Veil $5.5 million Each year, some 200 to 300 people in Toronto kill themselves "One thing we don't get is the almost spontaneous nature of the thing," said Paul Quinn, executive director of Toronto's Gerstein Centre, a crisis-intervention agency. "They're going by a bridge and they jump." But what if they can be prevented from jumping? In the late 1970s, University of California psychologist Richard Seiden tracked 515 thwarted jumpers at the Golden Gate, dating from the bridge's completion in 1937 until 1971. Only 6 per cent went on to kill themselves on another occasion, he found.
  5. Everyone plays certain roles within society – WE ARE ALL CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER! Social Scientists refer to this as status Roles can be ascribed (born into) Roles can also be achieved Status is used to describe our position within an institution (e.g.) cashier within a drive-through restaurant Hierarchy - ranking system used in any particular environment based on authority of power Within a hierarchy, role players expected to behave in certain ways (norms) Many different roles in society are played simultaneously (e.g.) parent at breakfast becomes an employee within the workplace Norms are behaviours that govern social action and which the majority of the members of society regards as proper, right and expected. Norms lead to the standardization of behaviour within any given society Norms are an important form of social control
  6. In sociology, social institutions, such as economy and government, are the 'bike parts' and the overall society is the 'bicycle.'