System Design Tools

1. carlo vezzoli politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy Learning Network on Sustainability course System Design for Sustainability subject 5. Methods and tools for SDS learning resource 5.2 (Other) system design tools

2. CONTENTS Integrating the tools along the MEPSS methodology System Map Interaction story-board Offering diagram AD poster

4. 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP SCOPE: to visualise (to design and co-design) the structure of the system, describing the potential stakeholders and their interactions WHAT IS: a graphical representation containing: > stakeholders involved > flows/interactions: physical, informational, financial and labor performance

5. WHAT IS: a codified and progressive representation: > codified: because it's a "technical drawing" of the system of actors allowing to represent alternative system in a reproducible and comparable way > progressive: because is a "formalisation-in-progress" of the solution actors map giving a more and more accurate picture of the project along its developement 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

6. WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: > a fixed format of representation (a map ) > an open library of graphic elements ( icons, pictograms, arrows ...) > a set of rules ( layout, syntax ...) to be used in order to represent the system of actors 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

7. INTEGRATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS STRATEGIC ANALISYS phase: visualization of the system organization of the case study solution 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

8. INTEGRATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES phase: formalisation of the tentative system ideas emerging from the scenario building 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

9. INTEGRATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS SYSTEM IDEA DEVELOPMENT phase: Choice of a System idea and definition of the System organisation 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

10. Platform boundary System boundary secondary stakeholders main stakeholders 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

11. Catering provider Health adviser Offices E-meal Food providers E-meal appliance producer Structure icon Characterization icon Slogan 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

12. structure characterisation + slogan Bio food provider + icon Bio food provider = Logistic provider Local delivery shop Logistic provider Local delivery shop + + + + = = BASIC RULE TO REPRESENT EACH ACTORS 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

13. Catering provider Health adviser Offices E-meal Food providers E-meal appliance producer MAIN STAKEHOLDER Big icon SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER Small icon 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

14. Food providers Health adviser E-meal diet advice service with meal ordering employees order the day before by internet… companies contract service for their employees… meals are delivered in companies… employees pick-up their meal when they want… vegetable, dairy and bread products ARROW + DESCRIPTION 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP Catering provider E-meal appliance producer Offices

15. Food providers Health adviser E-meal diet advice service with meal ordering employees order the day before by internet… companies contract service for their employees… meals are delivered in companies… employees pick-up their meal when they want… vegetable, dairy and bread products MATERIAL FLOWS 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP Catering provider E-meal appliance producer Offices

16. Food providers Health adviser E-meal diet advice service with meal ordering employees order the day before by internet… companies contract service for their employees… meals are delivered in companies… employees pick-up their meal when they want… vegetable, dairy and bread products INFORMATIONAL FLOWS 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP Catering provider E-meal appliance producer Offices

17. Food providers Health adviser E-meal diet advice service with meal ordering employees order the day before by internet… companies contract service for their employees… meals are delivered in companies… employees pick-up their meal when they want… vegetable, dairy and bread products FINANCIAL FLOWS 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP Catering provider E-meal appliance producer Offices

18. E-meal diet advice service with meal ordering employees order the day before by internet… companies contract service for their employees… meals are delivered in companies… employees pick-up their meal when they want… vegetable, dairy and bread products 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP Catering provider Food providers Health adviser E-meal appliance producer Offices DARK GREY CORE FLOWS LIGHT GREY SECONDARY FLOWS

19. start E-meal diet advice service with meal ordering 2. employees order the day before by internet… 1. companies contract service for their employees… 3. meals are delivered in companies… 4. employees pick-up their meal when they want… vegetable, dairy and bread products READING ORDER 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP Catering provider Food providers Health adviser E-meal appliance producer Offices

20. READING ORDER start 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP Catering provider Food providers Health adviser E-meal appliance producer Offices E-meal diet advice service with meal ordering 2. employees order the day before by internet… 1. companies contract service for their employees… 3. meals are delivered in companies… 4. employees pick-up their meal when they want… vegetable, dairy and bread products

21. SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: This tool requires the use of standardised icons built using presentation software (e.g. open office, powerpoint ). A basic template facilitate the construction of the System Maps in a systematic and uniform way. > You will be provided with a powerpoint file, in which you can find… 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

22. industrial company services company local shop collective house public istitution local association individual house school mobile shop PUBLIC ISTITUTIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS HOMES COMPANIES AND STORES … structure icons… 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

23. 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP … characterization icons (activities)… EATING TRANSPORTING COMMUNICATING WORKING IN OFFICE

24. 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP … characterization icons (people)… GENERAL PEOPLE PEOPLE AT WORK

25. … flows Material flow Information flow Financial flow core PSS performance one way flow exchange 1. vegetables timing and description of the flow Labour performance alternative PSS performance, implementation or back-office flows 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

26. SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: COPY AND PASTE THE ELEMENTS FROM THE LIBRARIES TO THE LAYOUT 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

27. SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: on www.lens.polimi.it 2. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP OPEN SOURCE LIBRARIES

28. 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD) SCOPE: to visualise and describe (to design and co-design) the narrative (story) of the front-desk (with the clients) and back-stage interactions (between other stakeholders) WHAT IS: a mediating design tool that should support a collaborative and progressive design process of the user interaction with the System and of the related organisation

29. WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: it is a graphical representation containing: > the sequence of slides accompanied with short texts , representing (in time) the various interactions of the solution set and the stakeholders performing the System Innovation > the specific role (provide and/or design) of each stakeholders related to the solution set 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD)

30. INTEGRATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES phase: the System tentative idea is partially described visualising and briefly describing an ideal System interaction from the user point of view 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD)

31. 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD) visualise only the core performance the system is offering

32. 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD) SHORT TEXT IMAGE

33. IMAGES SHOULD CONTAINE ONLY NECESSARY ELEMENTS… it is usually suggested that: 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD) ...A BACKGROUND REPRESENTING THE CONTEXT OF EACH ACTION … AND THE STAKEHOLDERS (HIGHLIGHTED FROM THE BACKGROUND)

34. INTEGRATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS SYSTEM IDEA DEVELOPMENT phase: the selected system idea is further developed describing and visualising the narrative between potential roles of every stakeholders in the interaction system 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD)

35. 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD) USER ROLE SYSTEM ROLE

36. 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD) SERVICE ACTION SOLUTION ELEMENTS NEEDED TO CARRY OUT THE SERVICE ATION

37. SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: Based on spreadsheet applications (e.g. open-office, excel ) 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD)

38. SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: Open source library of images (places) www.lens.polimi.it 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD)

39. SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: Open source library of images (people) www.lens.polimi.it 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD)

40. SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: combine the images to realize the visualization: CONTEXT IMAGES PEOPLE IMAGES 3. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD)

41. 4. OFFERING DIAGRAM SCOPE: to focus and describe the System basic and added value functionalities WHAT IS: the Offering diagram tool is a way of representing all the functionalities of a System, around the core function. > core function > added value function > subfunctionalities

42. WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: it is a graphical progressive representation containing: > the visualisation of the core function (main performance) provided by the system > the visualisation of the added value functionalities (following a radial pattern around the core function) > the visualisation of the subfunctionalities (describing the way the System functionalities will be delivered) 4. OFFERING DIAGRAM

43. INTEGRATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES phase: In this phase the core function must be identified and described. Identifying the core function means to focus on the main and distinctive performance of the system 4. OFFERING DIAGRAM

44. 4. OFFERING DIAGRAM CORE FUNCTION PERFORMED BY THE SYSTEM

45. INTEGRATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS SYSTEM IDEA DEVELOPMENT phase: the System offering should be further developed and detailed, starting from the core function and working on the basic and added-value functionalities that build up the System. 4. OFFERING DIAGRAM

46. WEEKLY/DAILY PREORDER FOOD DELIVERY 4. OFFERING DIAGRAM INGREDIENTS SELECTION Cooperatives of local producers provide the campus Biologic food Students select food basing on seasonal availability On line preorder based on the disponibility Using internet or campus’ information points Where you want inside the campus Using rickshaws ADDED VALUE FUNCTIONALITIES SUBFUNCTIONALITIES

47. 5. POSTER SCOPE: to describe in a single image a new system offering WHAT IS: is an image that: > describe synthetically the system offer > integrate visual and written messages in order to prefigure the offer’s main characteristics

48. WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: a promotional and descriptive image made up of: > one (or more) image (photo, draw, collage, etc.) > title a/o logo > slogan (and eventually other short text) 5. POSTER

49. INTEGRATION IN THE DESIGN PROCESS EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES and SYSTEM IDEA DEVELOPMENT phase: the poster can be used in the two phases to describe the new system offering 5. POSTER

50. 5. POSTER IMAGE TITLE SLOGAN

51. 5. POSTER >SUGGEST WHO IS THE TARGET OF THE OFFER . singles, students, worker with not much time >SUGGEST WHERE THE OFFER TAKES PLACE . in the supermarket >SHOW THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE OFFER . the client can order his personalised dish as he were in a restaurant