2. INTRODUCTION
PET SCAN & ENDOSCOPY
 What is a PET scan?
 How does a PET scan work?
 Why are PET scan required?
 PET scans used to investigate?
 Difference between PET and other scans?
 What happens during a PET scan?
 Who should not have PET scan?
 What is an Endoscopy?
 When is an Endoscopy used?
 Main components of an Endoscope?
 How does an Endoscopy work?
 complications of an Endoscopy?
By
A.Anuja
III BSC(MPC)

3. What is a PET scan ?
 PET stands for Positron Emission Tomography.
 A pet scan is an imaging test that uses a radioactive
substance called a tracer to look for disease in the
body.
 It uses radiation, or nuclear medicine imaging, to
produce 3-dimensional color images of the functional
processes within the human body.
 The machine detects pairs of gamma rays which arfe
emmitted indirectly by a traacer.
 The images are reconstructed by computer analysis.
 PET scans are often used to see how effective an
ongoing treatment is.

4. PET scan

5. How does a PET scan work?
 Radiotracer:- Before carrying out a PET scan, a raadioactive
medicine is producead in a cyclotron(a type of machine).
 The radioactive medicine is then tagged to a natural chemical
like glucose, waater or ammonia.
 The tagged natural chemical is known as Radiotracer.
 After inserting into a human body this radiotracer will go to the
areas inside the body that use the natural chemical(eg. FDG-
Fluorodeoxyglucose, a radioactive drug)
 As the radiotracer is broken down inside the patient’s body
positrons are made.
 This energy appears as a 3-dimensional image on a computer.
 The image reveals how parts of the patients body is functioning.

7. Why are PET scans required?
 PET scans are generally used alongside X-rays or MRI
scans.
 These PET scans are used as a complementary to these
main ones.
 These are used to make a diagnosis or to get more data
 The combined imaging technologies may stop or
evenprevent heart attacks.
 The biggest advantage of PET is it can reveal how a
part of the patient’s body is functioning.

8. PET scans used to investigate?
 Epilepsy
 Alzheimer’s disease
 Cancer
 Heart disease
 Medical research

9. Difference between PET and other
scans
 A CT or MRI scan can assess the size and shape of the
bodu organs and tissue.
 They cannot assess function
 But PET scan looks at function
 MRI or CT scans tell you how theorgans looks like
while PET scan can tell you how it is working.

10. What happens during a PET scan?
 The patient does not have to spend the night in hospital if
he/she comes for a PET scan.
 The majority of patients will be told not to consume food
for at least 4-6hrs and to drink plenty of water before the
scan
 A small quantity of radiotracer will be injected into the
patient's arm and it may take 30-90 mins to reach the
target part of the body.
 Depending on which part of the body is scanned, the
processes takes from about 30-60 mins.
 Experts says that the radiotracer should have left the body
completely within 3-4hrs after entering the body.

11. Who should not have PET scan?
 Pregnant women.
 Women who are breast feeding.
 Anybody who has just had a PET scan should stay away
from pregnant women, babies and young children.

12. What is an Endoscopy?
 an Endoscopy involves examining the inside of a
person’s body using an Endoscope.
 An Endoscope is a medical device of long, thin,
flexible tube which has a light and video camera.
 Endoscopy is a invasive diagnostic medical procedure
used to examine the interior surfaces of an organ or
tissue.

14. When is an Endoscopy used?
 Endoscopy is most commonly used for the following
illness:
 Breathing disorders
 Chronic diarrhea
 Incontinence
 Internal bleeding
 Irritable bowel syndrome
 Stomach ulcers
 Urinary tract infections
 Diagnosis of cancer, biopsies

15. Main components of an Endoscope
 An Endoscope consists of:
 A flexible or rigid tube
 A light that illuminates what the doctor wants to
examine
 The light is delivered via an optical fiber system
 A lens system that transmits an image to the viewer
from the fiber scope
 Another channel to allow the entry of medical
instruments or Manipulators

16. How does an Endoscopy work?
 The patient swallows a capsule which wirelessly sends
images.
 The capsule is about the size of a multi-vitamin and
has a camera.
 As it moves inside it takes the pictures.
 The patient wears a small data recorder that receives
the data from the capsule.

18. Complications of an Endoscopy?
 According to the National Health Service less than 1%
of endoscopies have following complications:
 Piercing or tearing of an organ
 Bleeding more than normally expected
 Allergy
 Redness
 Swelling
 Fluid or pus discharge

19. Acknowledgement
I heart fully convey my vote of thanks to
Mr. Thejo moorthy ,the correspondent of vijayam
degree and P.G college
Mr. Prasad, Chemistry lecturer, Vijayam Institutions
Miss Nalini , Chemistry lecturer , Vijayam Institutions
k.Naveena, friend, Vijayam degree College
FOR GIVING ME THIS OPPURTUNITY,……

20. THANK YOU