This document provides an overview of computer network fundamentals, including definitions of MAC address, IP address, classes of IP addresses, subnet masks, and reserved IP ranges. MAC addresses are 48-bit identifiers that uniquely identify network interfaces. IP addresses are 32-bit logical identifiers for devices on the internet or networks. IP addresses are divided into classes A-E based on their first octet. Subnet masks define the network and host portions of an IP address. Common reserved ranges include private IP spaces and loopback addresses.
6. It is a 48 bit Identification, denoted in Hexadecimal
It is called physical address or hardware address or
bind-in address of network device
It is a Unique Identification
8. 248
two hundred eighty-one trillion, four hundred seventy-four
billion, nine hundred seventy-six million, seven hundred ten
thousand, six hundred fifty-six
15. Classes of IP
● Class A
● Class B
● Class C
● Class D
● Class E
16. Classes of IP
● Class A
● Class B
● Class C
● Class D
● Class E
0-127
128-191
192-223
224-239
240-255
17. Subnet Mask / Netmask
It is a IP format Identification which is used to denote the network portion / Host
Portion of IP
Network Portion - 1
Host Portion - 0
18. Overview
Classes of IP Network Host No of Network IP per Network ID
A 8 24 128 (27) 16,777,216 (224)
B 16 16 16,384 (214) 65,536 (216)
C 24 8
2,097,152 (221)
256 (28)
19. Overview
Class Start IP End IP
A 0.0.0.0 126.255.255.255
B 128.0.0.0 191.255.255.255
C 192.0.0.0 223.255.255.255
20. Reservation
0.0.0.0 - 0.255.255.255 Any Network or Default
127.0.0.0 - 127.255.255.255 Loopback
169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 APIPA (Automatic Private IP)
10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
Private IP (Used in LAN)
Class D Multicast
Class E R & D