2. Valve:Valve:
Any Device for closing orAny Device for closing or
modifying the passage throughmodifying the passage through
a pipe, outlet, inlet or likely toa pipe, outlet, inlet or likely to
stop, allow or control the flowstop, allow or control the flow
of a media.of a media.
3. Valve cost is upto 20 to 30% of the piping costValve cost is upto 20 to 30% of the piping cost
for a plant, depending on the process; and thefor a plant, depending on the process; and the
cost of a given type and size of valve can varycost of a given type and size of valve can vary
100%, depending on its construction.100%, depending on its construction.
Thus theThus the selection of valves is extremelyselection of valves is extremely
important to the economics, as well asimportant to the economics, as well as
operationoperation, of process plants., of process plants.
The size of a valve is mainly determined by theThe size of a valve is mainly determined by the
size of its ends, which connect to the pipe.size of its ends, which connect to the pipe.
4. CLASSIFICATION OF VALVESCLASSIFICATION OF VALVES
G A T E V A L V E
B A L L V A L V E
P L U G V A L V E
P I S T O N V A L V E
D I A P H R A G M V A L V E
B U T T E R F L Y V A L V E
P I N C H V A L V E
I S O L A T I O N
G L O B E V A L V E
N E E D L E V A L V E
B U T T E R F L Y V A L V E
D I A P H R A G M V A L V E
P I S T O N V A L V E
B A L L V A L V E
P L U G V A L V E
P I N C H V A L V E
R E G U L A T I O N
S W I N G C H E C K V A L V E
L I F T C H E C K V A L V E
C H E C K V A L V E
N O N R E T U R N
M U L T I P O R T V A L V E S
F L U S H B O T T O M V A L V E S
F L O A T V A L V E S
F O O T V A L V E S
L I N E B L I N D V A L V E S
K N I F E G A T E V A L V E S
S P E C I A L P U R P O S E
B A S E D O N F U N C T I O N S
5. S C R E W E D E N D S
S O C K E T W E L D E N D S
F L A N G E D E N D S
B U T T W E L D E N D S
W A F E R T Y P E E N D S
B a s e d o n e n d c o n n e c tio n s
6. C A S T IR O N
D U C T I L E I R O N
B R O N Z E
G U N M E T A L
C A R B O N S T E E L
S T A I N L E S S S T E E L
A L L O Y C A R B O N S T E E L
P O L Y P R O P Y L E N E
G L A S S
B A S E D O N C O N S T R U C T I O N M A T E R I A L
7. in B a ll a n d B u t te r f ly v a lv e s
H a n d le v e r
in G a t e ,G lo b e a n d D ia p h r a g m v a lv e s
H a n d w h e e l
C h a in
G e a r
E le c t r ic P n e u m a t ic
H y d r a u lic
P o w e r e d
S o le n o id
f o r s m a ll P lu g v a lv e s
W r e n c h
B a s e d o n o p e r a t o rs
10. Body:Body:
--The Body & Bonnet houses the stem.--The Body & Bonnet houses the stem.
-- Selection of the material to fabricate the interior of-- Selection of the material to fabricate the interior of
the wall body is important if the valve is used for thethe wall body is important if the valve is used for the
process of chemical.process of chemical.
--Some Valves may be obtained with the entire interior--Some Valves may be obtained with the entire interior
of theof the body lined with corrosion resistantbody lined with corrosion resistant
material.material.
11. Bonnet:Bonnet:
The Bonnet is a part which is attached with the bodyThe Bonnet is a part which is attached with the body
of the valve.of the valve. The Bonnet is classified on the type ofThe Bonnet is classified on the type of
attachmentattachment as Bolted, Bellow, Sealed, Screwed-on,as Bolted, Bellow, Sealed, Screwed-on,
Welded, Union, Pressure Sealed etc.,Welded, Union, Pressure Sealed etc.,
Stem:Stem:
The Stem moves the disc.The Stem moves the disc.
In some valves the fluid under pressure does theIn some valves the fluid under pressure does the
work of the stem.work of the stem.
12. --There are two categories of screwed stem.--There are two categories of screwed stem.
((a)a) Rising Stem:Rising Stem:
Hand wheel can either rise with the stem, or stem canHand wheel can either rise with the stem, or stem can
rise through the stationary hand wheel.rise through the stationary hand wheel.
(b)(b) Non-Rising Stem:Non-Rising Stem:
The Hand Wheel and the stem are in the sameThe Hand Wheel and the stem are in the same
position weather the valve is opened or closed.position weather the valve is opened or closed.
In this case, the screw is inside the Bonnet and inIn this case, the screw is inside the Bonnet and in
contact with the fluid.contact with the fluid.
13. DISC, SEAT & PORT:DISC, SEAT & PORT:
The part directly affecting the flow is termed asThe part directly affecting the flow is termed as DiscDisc
regardless of its shape.regardless of its shape.
The Non-moving part the body bears is termed asThe Non-moving part the body bears is termed as seat.seat.
TheThe portport is the maximum internal opening for flow.is the maximum internal opening for flow.
14. SEAL:SEAL:BETWEEN STEM AND BONNET:BETWEEN STEM AND BONNET:
-- Gasket is used in between a bolted bonnet and valve-- Gasket is used in between a bolted bonnet and valve
body.body.
-- Metal Bellows where high vaccum or corrosive,-- Metal Bellows where high vaccum or corrosive,
flammable fluids are to be handled.flammable fluids are to be handled.
-- Flanged Valves use gasket to seal against the line-- Flanged Valves use gasket to seal against the line
flanges.flanges.
-- Butterfly Valves may extend the resilient seat to also-- Butterfly Valves may extend the resilient seat to also
serves as line gaskets .serves as line gaskets .
15. Based on the shape of the port these valvesBased on the shape of the port these valves
can be classified into,can be classified into,
(1)(1)Regular pattern:Regular pattern:
They have plug ports generally rectangularThey have plug ports generally rectangular
in section and have area substantially equalin section and have area substantially equal
to full bore of the pipe.to full bore of the pipe.
(2)(2) Short pattern:Short pattern:
Face to face dimensions corresponding toFace to face dimensions corresponding to
gate valves.gate valves.
(3)(3) Venturi pattern:Venturi pattern:
They have reduced port area.ThusThey have reduced port area.Thus
producing a venturi effect to restore a largeproducing a venturi effect to restore a large
percentage of velocity head loss through thepercentage of velocity head loss through the
valve and produce a resultant total pressurevalve and produce a resultant total pressure
drop of relatively low order.drop of relatively low order.
16.
17. __ OperatorOperator:: This is a device, which opens or closes aThis is a device, which opens or closes a
valve. Different devices are available.valve. Different devices are available.
MANUAL OPERATORSMANUAL OPERATORS
(1)(1) Hand leverHand lever:: It is used to actuate the stems of smallIt is used to actuate the stems of small
butterfly, ball, plug valves and cocks. Wrench operationbutterfly, ball, plug valves and cocks. Wrench operation
is used for cocks and small plug valves.is used for cocks and small plug valves.
(2) Hand Wheel(2) Hand Wheel:: It is the most common means ofIt is the most common means of
rotating the stem on the majority of popular smallerrotating the stem on the majority of popular smaller
valves such as gate, globe and diaphragm. Hammervalves such as gate, globe and diaphragm. Hammer
blow or impact hand wheels that may be substituted forblow or impact hand wheels that may be substituted for
normal hand wheels, if easier operation is needed butnormal hand wheels, if easier operation is needed but
where gearing is unnecessary offer additional operatingwhere gearing is unnecessary offer additional operating
torque for gate and globe valves.torque for gate and globe valves.
18.
19. (3) Chain:(3) Chain: It is used where a hand wheel would be out ofIt is used where a hand wheel would be out of
reach.reach.
The stem is fitted with a chain wheel or wrench (for leverThe stem is fitted with a chain wheel or wrench (for lever
operated valves) and loop of the chain is brought withinoperated valves) and loop of the chain is brought within
one meter of working floor level.one meter of working floor level.
(4)(4)GearGear :: These are used to reduce the operating torque.These are used to reduce the operating torque.
For manual operation, it consists of a hand wheel operatedFor manual operation, it consists of a hand wheel operated
gear train actuating the valve stem.gear train actuating the valve stem.
As a thumb rule, gear operators should be consideredAs a thumb rule, gear operators should be considered
for valves of 350 mm NB and larger upto 300#, 200 mmfor valves of 350 mm NB and larger upto 300#, 200 mm
NB and larger upto 600#, 150 mm NB and larger uptoNB and larger upto 600#, 150 mm NB and larger upto
1500# and 100 mm NB and larger for higher ratings.1500# and 100 mm NB and larger for higher ratings.
20.
21.
22. §§ Pneumatic and HydraulicPneumatic and Hydraulic :: These may be usedThese may be used
where flammable vapour is likely to be present. They arewhere flammable vapour is likely to be present. They are
of following forms:of following forms:
§§ Cylinder with double acting piston driven by air, water,Cylinder with double acting piston driven by air, water,
oil or other liquid, which usually actuates the stemoil or other liquid, which usually actuates the stem
directly.directly.
§§ Air motor, which actuates the stem through gearing.Air motor, which actuates the stem through gearing.
These motors are commonly piston and cylinder radialThese motors are commonly piston and cylinder radial
type.type.
§§ A double acting vane with limited rotary movement in aA double acting vane with limited rotary movement in a
sector casing, actuating the stem directly.sector casing, actuating the stem directly.
23. POWERED OPERATORS:POWERED OPERATORS:
Electric Geared Motor:Electric Geared Motor: Geared MotorGeared Motor
moves the valve stem. This is useful formoves the valve stem. This is useful for
operating large valves in remote areas.operating large valves in remote areas.
SolenoidSolenoid:: These can be used for fastThese can be used for fast
acting check valves, and with on/off valvesacting check valves, and with on/off valves
in light-duty instrumentation applications.in light-duty instrumentation applications.
24. VALVES IN DETAIL:VALVES IN DETAIL:
Gate valve:Gate valve:
They function as block valves.They function as block valves.
75% of all valves in process industries are75% of all valves in process industries are
gate valves.gate valves.
Gate valves are not suitable to throttle flowGate valves are not suitable to throttle flow
because it will pass maximum flow when it isbecause it will pass maximum flow when it is
partially open.partially open.
The end flanges can be integrally cast into theThe end flanges can be integrally cast into the
body.(ref:ANSI B16.5 for flanged connections).body.(ref:ANSI B16.5 for flanged connections).
25. Also for welded connections(ref:ANSI B16.11Also for welded connections(ref:ANSI B16.11
for weld/screw connections).for weld/screw connections).
There are two types of port designsThere are two types of port designs
(1)(1) Full port design:Full port design:
The net area of the bore through the seat isThe net area of the bore through the seat is
as nearly as equal to the pipe size.as nearly as equal to the pipe size.
(2)(2) Reduced port design:Reduced port design:
The port diameter is normally one size lessThe port diameter is normally one size less
than the size of the pipe.than the size of the pipe.
33. BALL VALVE:BALL VALVE:
Ball valves function as both block valves andBall valves function as both block valves and
flow regulating(special design) valves.flow regulating(special design) valves.
Quarter turn positive shut off valves.Quarter turn positive shut off valves.
Suited for conditions where quick on-offSuited for conditions where quick on-off
and/or bubble tight shut off is required.and/or bubble tight shut off is required.
Soft seats are usually used only for lowSoft seats are usually used only for low
temperature services.temperature services.
Metal seated ball valves are used for highMetal seated ball valves are used for high
temperature services.temperature services.
34. Soft seats are not normally used for throttlingSoft seats are not normally used for throttling
because of erosion or distortion/displacementbecause of erosion or distortion/displacement
caused by fluid.caused by fluid.
The Pressure – Temperature ratings areThe Pressure – Temperature ratings are
established based on the seating material.established based on the seating material.
Offers minimum resistance to flow.Offers minimum resistance to flow.
Advantages:
Easy Operation.
Low torque.
Low Pressure Drop.
Economical.
Excellent Sealing.( Used in Vacuum Services)
35.
36.
37. -- Two designs are available.-- Two designs are available.
(1)(1) Regular port design:Regular port design:
The port diameter will be smaller than theThe port diameter will be smaller than the
pipe inside diameter. Normally the portpipe inside diameter. Normally the port
diameter is one size less than the pipediameter is one size less than the pipe
diameter.diameter.
(2)(2) Full port Design:Full port Design:
The port diameter of the valve will be theThe port diameter of the valve will be the
same as that of the pipe inside diameter.same as that of the pipe inside diameter.
38. PLUG VALVE:PLUG VALVE:
Plug valves are quarter turn positive shut off valves.Plug valves are quarter turn positive shut off valves.
Well suited for quick ON/OFF, AND/OR bubble tight shutWell suited for quick ON/OFF, AND/OR bubble tight shut
off.off.
Not normally used for throttling, because soft seats areNot normally used for throttling, because soft seats are
subjected to erosion.subjected to erosion.
Lesser resultant total pressure drop across the valve.Lesser resultant total pressure drop across the valve.
In certain designs,a low friction Poly Tetra Fluro EthyleneIn certain designs,a low friction Poly Tetra Fluro Ethylene
(PTFE) is impregnated on the surface structure of the(PTFE) is impregnated on the surface structure of the
valve plug.valve plug.
39. Based on sealing,Based on sealing,
Lubricated metal seated plug valves:Lubricated metal seated plug valves:
The lubrication of the seating surfaces is byThe lubrication of the seating surfaces is by
means of lubricant,which is fed into themeans of lubricant,which is fed into the
operating surfaces.operating surfaces.
41. ADVANTAGES OF PLUGADVANTAGES OF PLUG
VALVE:VALVE:
Used in Oil & Gas Industries.Used in Oil & Gas Industries.
Fly Ash Applications.Fly Ash Applications.
Plug & Body Seating Surfaces which are lapped &Plug & Body Seating Surfaces which are lapped &
matched aren’t exposed to the line fluid, which reducematched aren’t exposed to the line fluid, which reduce
the corrosion and Erosion loses.the corrosion and Erosion loses.
Fire Safety.Fire Safety.
Reduced torque.Reduced torque.
Online Maintenance.Online Maintenance.
42.
43. Butterfly valve:Butterfly valve:
-- They are quarter turn positive shut off valve.-- They are quarter turn positive shut off valve.
-- Seats are made of PTFE with certain-- Seats are made of PTFE with certain
reinforcement.reinforcement.
-- Valves up to 12” are operated with lever.-- Valves up to 12” are operated with lever.
-- Higher diameter valves are provided with gear-- Higher diameter valves are provided with gear
unit and hand wheel.unit and hand wheel.
-- These valves are wear resistant.-- These valves are wear resistant.
-- Elastomers have higher life expectancy-- Elastomers have higher life expectancy
than conventional metallic seated valvesthan conventional metallic seated valves
when used in high density mineral slurrywhen used in high density mineral slurry
services.services.
-- Generally used for line sizes >8”.-- Generally used for line sizes >8”.
Cross Sectional
47. GLOBE VALVE:GLOBE VALVE:
-- Globe valves are mainly used to throttle the fluid flow.-- Globe valves are mainly used to throttle the fluid flow.
-- Smaller sizes are hand controlled.-- Smaller sizes are hand controlled.
-- Application of larger size valves are limited to bypass-- Application of larger size valves are limited to bypass
control valve stations.control valve stations.
-- Provide relatively tight shut off.-- Provide relatively tight shut off.
-- Valve patterns involve change in flow directions.-- Valve patterns involve change in flow directions.
-- The discs of globe valves shall be flat-faced type,-- The discs of globe valves shall be flat-faced type,
plug type,ball type,needle type,port type.plug type,ball type,needle type,port type.
-- Commonly used for pipe sizes up to 8”-- Commonly used for pipe sizes up to 8”
-- High pressure drop across valve.-- High pressure drop across valve.
48.
49.
50.
51. CHECK VALVE:CHECK VALVE:
-- Check valves prevent flow reversal.-- Check valves prevent flow reversal.
-- Typical check valve applications are in pump and-- Typical check valve applications are in pump and
compressor discharge piping.compressor discharge piping.
-- Valves with discs provide lower resistance to flow of-- Valves with discs provide lower resistance to flow of
working fluid than those that contain balls or pistons.working fluid than those that contain balls or pistons.
-- The later are often used where there is an angular-- The later are often used where there is an angular
change in flow stream.change in flow stream.
-- Ball and lift check valves are used for sizes 2” and-- Ball and lift check valves are used for sizes 2” and
smaller.smaller.
-- Swing check and Plate check valves are used for higher-- Swing check and Plate check valves are used for higher
pipe sizes.pipe sizes.
-- Major types are as below.-- Major types are as below.
52. SWING CHECK VALVES:SWING CHECK VALVES:
----The disc swings freely in the form of anThe disc swings freely in the form of an
arc.arc.
--Valve is kept open by the flow and disc--Valve is kept open by the flow and disc
seating is accomplished by gravityseating is accomplished by gravity
and/or flow reversal.and/or flow reversal.
-- When used in vertical lines the flow-- When used in vertical lines the flow
should be upwards only.should be upwards only.
54. LIFT CHECK VALVES:LIFT CHECK VALVES:
-- Basic types are piston lift check valve,Ball lift-- Basic types are piston lift check valve,Ball lift
check valve etc.,check valve etc.,
-- Used for sizes ½” to 2”.-- Used for sizes ½” to 2”.
-- Reverse flow forces piston or ball against seat.-- Reverse flow forces piston or ball against seat.
-- Used to control vertical flow.-- Used to control vertical flow.
55.
56.
57. THE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE
Drawing and simulation of a direct operating pressure relief valve: left: valve closed; middle: symbol of a direct
operating pressure relief valve according to ISO 1219; right: simulation of an operating pressure relief valve
Description:
The pressure relief valve is mounted at the pressure side of the hydraulic pump. It's task is to limit the pressure in the
system on an acceptable value. In fact a pressure relief valve has the same construction as a spring operated check
valve. When the system gets overloaded the pressure relief valve will open and the pump flow will be leaded directly
into the hydraulic reservoir. The pressure in the system remains on the value determined by the spring on the
pressure relief valve! In the pressure relief valve the pressure (=energy) will be converted into heat.For that reason
longtime operation of the pressure relief valve should be avoided.
Closed position Open position
58.
59. DIAPHRAGM VALVE:DIAPHRAGM VALVE:
---- These valves are used for low pressureThese valves are used for low pressure
corrosive services as shut off valve.corrosive services as shut off valve.
-- These can also be used as control valves.-- These can also be used as control valves.
-- Here the diaphragm moves up and down to-- Here the diaphragm moves up and down to
operate the valve.operate the valve.
-- The major parts of diaphragm valves are,-- The major parts of diaphragm valves are,
1.Body1.Body
2.Diaphragm2.Diaphragm
3.Bonnet3.Bonnet
4.Stem4.Stem
5.Stem bushing5.Stem bushing
6.Compressor6.Compressor
7.Hand wheel7.Hand wheel
8.Bonnet bolting.8.Bonnet bolting.
60.
61.
62. CONTROL VALVES &CONTROL VALVES &
PRESSURE REGULATORS:PRESSURE REGULATORS:
-- Control valves automatically regulates temperature,-- Control valves automatically regulates temperature,
pressure,level and flow rate for any process variables.pressure,level and flow rate for any process variables.
-- The control valve is usually chosen to be smaller than-- The control valve is usually chosen to be smaller than
line size to avoid throttling and consequent rapid wear ofline size to avoid throttling and consequent rapid wear of
the seat.the seat.
-- Globe pattern valves are normally used for control and-- Globe pattern valves are normally used for control and
their ends are usually flanged for ease oftheir ends are usually flanged for ease of
maintenance.The disc is moved by hydraulic,pneumaticmaintenance.The disc is moved by hydraulic,pneumatic
or electrical operators.or electrical operators.
-- Control valves of globe type which adjusts downstream-- Control valves of globe type which adjusts downstream
pressure of liquid or gas to a set pressure is called aspressure of liquid or gas to a set pressure is called as
Pressure regulators.Pressure regulators.
63.
Fig shows how a control valve can be used to control the rate of flow in a line.Fig shows how a control valve can be used to control the rate of flow in a line.
--Here flow rate is related to the pressure drop across the sensing element.--Here flow rate is related to the pressure drop across the sensing element.
--The controller receives the pressure signals,compares them with the--The controller receives the pressure signals,compares them with the
pressure drop for the desired flow and thus if the actual flow is different ,itpressure drop for the desired flow and thus if the actual flow is different ,it
adjusts the control valve to increase or decrease the flow.adjusts the control valve to increase or decrease the flow.
64.
65.
66. VALVE SELECTION PROCESS:VALVE SELECTION PROCESS:
-- The steps that follow provide a general procedure for-- The steps that follow provide a general procedure for
selecting valve components,selecting valve components,
1. Determine operation-on/off, regulating, special1. Determine operation-on/off, regulating, special
purpose.purpose.
2. Determine type of conveyed fluid-liquid,gas,slurry or2. Determine type of conveyed fluid-liquid,gas,slurry or
powder.powder.
3. Determine nature of fluid:3. Determine nature of fluid:
Neutral services:Neutral services: Oil,Drinking water, Nitrogen, Gas, Air.Oil,Drinking water, Nitrogen, Gas, Air.
Corrosive service:Corrosive service: Acid,Alkaline.Acid,Alkaline.
Hygienic services:Hygienic services: Food,Drugs.Food,Drugs.
Slurry:Slurry: Suspension of solid particles in the fluid media.Suspension of solid particles in the fluid media.
4.Pressure and temperature of conveyed fluid.4.Pressure and temperature of conveyed fluid.
5.Method of operating stem: consider closing time.5.Method of operating stem: consider closing time.
6.Cost.6.Cost.
7.Availability.7.Availability.
8.Installation problems:Such as welding valves into8.Installation problems:Such as welding valves into
lines.lines.
67.
68. Hydro testsHydro tests
Pneumatic TestsPneumatic Tests
Fugitive Emission & Helium Leak TestsFugitive Emission & Helium Leak Tests
Cryogenic TestsCryogenic Tests
Fire TestsFire Tests
Hot & Cold Cyclic TestsHot & Cold Cyclic Tests
Seismic TestsSeismic Tests
Natural Frequency TestsNatural Frequency Tests
Static Load SimulationStatic Load Simulation
Pipe End Reaction TestsPipe End Reaction Tests
TESTS CONDUCTED ON
VALVES:
71. TERMS USED FOR VALVESTERMS USED FOR VALVES
SPECIFICATION:SPECIFICATION:
1.Pressure-Temperature ratings:1.Pressure-Temperature ratings:
It is the maximum allowable sustained non-It is the maximum allowable sustained non-
shock pressure at the corresponding tabulatedshock pressure at the corresponding tabulated
temperaturetemperature
Reference standards:Reference standards: ANSI B 16.34 & ANSI B 16.5.ANSI B 16.34 & ANSI B 16.5.
2.Class:2.Class:
As per American standard,As per American standard,
Class 150#Class 150#
Class 300#Class 300#
Class 600#Class 600#
Class 900#Class 900#
Class 1500#Class 1500#
Class 2500#Class 2500#
Class 4500#Class 4500#
72. Material Standards-Material Standards- ASTMASTM (America Society for Testing and(America Society for Testing and
Materials)Materials)
Dimensional Standards-Dimensional Standards-ANSIANSI (American National Standards(American National Standards
Institute)Institute)
Adapted byAdapted by ASMEASME (American Society for Mechanical(American Society for Mechanical
Engineers) Engineers)
The American Petroleum Institute (API)The American Petroleum Institute (API) Standards for SomeStandards for Some
Commonly used Valves are as follows: Commonly used Valves are as follows:
API 6D – Pipe Line Valves, End Closures, Connectors andAPI 6D – Pipe Line Valves, End Closures, Connectors and
SwivelsSwivels
API 6F – Recommended Practice for Fire Test valvesAPI 6F – Recommended Practice for Fire Test valves
API 593 – Ductile Iron Plug Valves – Flanged EndsAPI 593 – Ductile Iron Plug Valves – Flanged Ends
API 598 – Valves Inspection and TestAPI 598 – Valves Inspection and Test
API 600 – Steel Gate ValvesAPI 600 – Steel Gate Valves
API 602 – Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate ValvesAPI 602 – Compact Design Carbon Steel Gate Valves
API 604 – Ductile Iron Gate Valves – Flanged EndsAPI 604 – Ductile Iron Gate Valves – Flanged Ends
API 607 – Fire Test for Soft Seated Ball ValvesAPI 607 – Fire Test for Soft Seated Ball Valves
73. The American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Standardsfor SomeThe American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Standardsfor Some
Commonly used Valves are as follows:Commonly used Valves are as follows:
American Welding Society (AWS)American Welding Society (AWS)
American Water Works Association (AWWA)American Water Works Association (AWWA)
These Standards refer to the piping elements required for lowThese Standards refer to the piping elements required for low
pressure water services.pressure water services.
These are less stringent than other standards. Valves, Flanges etc.,These are less stringent than other standards. Valves, Flanges etc.,
required for larger diameter water pipe lines are covered underrequired for larger diameter water pipe lines are covered under
this standard and are referred rarely by the piping Engineers.this standard and are referred rarely by the piping Engineers.
C – 500 : Gate Valves for Water and sewage systemC – 500 : Gate Valves for Water and sewage system
C – 510 : Cast Iron Sluice Gate ValvesC – 510 : Cast Iron Sluice Gate Valves
C – 504 : Rubber Seated Butterfly ValvesC – 504 : Rubber Seated Butterfly Valves
C – 507 : Ball Valves 6” to 48”C – 507 : Ball Valves 6” to 48”
C – 508 : Swing Check Valves 2” to 24”C – 508 : Swing Check Valves 2” to 24”
C – 509 : Resilient Seated Gate Valves for Water and sewageC – 509 : Resilient Seated Gate Valves for Water and sewage
74. The Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valves and FittingThe Manufacturers Standardization Society of Valves and Fitting
Industry – Standard Practices (MSS – SP):Industry – Standard Practices (MSS – SP):
In addition to the above standards and material codes, there areIn addition to the above standards and material codes, there are
standard practices followed by the manufacturers and arestandard practices followed by the manufacturers and are
widely used.widely used.
The most Common MSS-SP standards referred for Valves are asThe most Common MSS-SP standards referred for Valves are as
follows:follows:
MSS – SP – 42 : Class 150 corrosion resistant gate, globe and checkMSS – SP – 42 : Class 150 corrosion resistant gate, globe and check
valvesvalves
MSS – SP – 61 : Pressure testing of valvesMSS – SP – 61 : Pressure testing of valves
MSS – SP – 67 : Butterfly ValvesMSS – SP – 67 : Butterfly Valves
MSS – SP – 68 : High Pressure off seat butterfly valvesMSS – SP – 68 : High Pressure off seat butterfly valves
MSS – SP – 70 : Cast iron gate valvesMSS – SP – 70 : Cast iron gate valves
MSS – SP – 71 : Cast iron check valvesMSS – SP – 71 : Cast iron check valves
MSS – SP – 72 : Ball ValvesMSS – SP – 72 : Ball Valves
MSS – SP – 78 : Cast iron plug valvesMSS – SP – 78 : Cast iron plug valves
MSS – SP – 80 : Bronze gate, globe and check valvesMSS – SP – 80 : Bronze gate, globe and check valves
MSS – SP – 85 : Cast iron globe valvesMSS – SP – 85 : Cast iron globe valves
MSS – SP – 88 : Diaphragm valvesMSS – SP – 88 : Diaphragm valves
MSS – SP – 108 : Resilient seated eccentric CI plug valvesMSS – SP – 108 : Resilient seated eccentric CI plug valves
75. BRITISH STANDARDS (BS):BRITISH STANDARDS (BS):
The following are some of British Standards referred by IndianThe following are some of British Standards referred by Indian
Manufacturers for Valves:Manufacturers for Valves:
BS 970 : Steel for Forging, Bars, Rods, valves steel, etcBS 970 : Steel for Forging, Bars, Rods, valves steel, etc
BS 1212 : Specification for Float Operated ValvesBS 1212 : Specification for Float Operated Valves
BS 1414 : Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1414 : Gate Valves for Petroleum Industry
BS 1868 : Steel Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1868 : Steel Check Valves for Petroleum Industry
BS 1873 : Steel Globe and Check Valves for Petroleum IndustryBS 1873 : Steel Globe and Check Valves for Petroleum Industry
BS 2080 : Face to Face / End to End dimensions of ValvesBS 2080 : Face to Face / End to End dimensions of Valves
BS 5150 : Cast Iron Wedge and Double Disc Gate Valves forBS 5150 : Cast Iron Wedge and Double Disc Gate Valves for
general purposesgeneral purposes
BS 5151 : Cast Iron Gate (Parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5151 : Cast Iron Gate (Parallel slide) Valves for general purposes
BS 5152 : Cast Iron Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5152 : Cast Iron Globe and Check Valves for general purposes
BS 5153 : Cast Iron Check Valves for general purposesBS 5153 : Cast Iron Check Valves for general purposes
BS 5154 : Copper alloy Globe, Gate and Check ValvesBS 5154 : Copper alloy Globe, Gate and Check Valves
BS 5155 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Butterfly Valves for generalBS 5155 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Butterfly Valves for general
purposespurposes
76. BS 5156 : Diaphragm Valves for general purposesBS 5156 : Diaphragm Valves for general purposes
BS 5157 : Steel Gate (parallel slide) Valves for general purposesBS 5157 : Steel Gate (parallel slide) Valves for general purposes
BS 5158 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Plug Valves for general purposesBS 5158 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Plug Valves for general purposes
BS 5159 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Ball Valves for general purposesBS 5159 : Cast Iron and Cast Steel Ball Valves for general purposes
BS 5160 : Flanged Steel Globe and Check Valves for general purposesBS 5160 : Flanged Steel Globe and Check Valves for general purposes
BS 5163 : Flanged Cast Iron Wedge Gate Valves, smaller than 2”NBBS 5163 : Flanged Cast Iron Wedge Gate Valves, smaller than 2”NB
BS 5353 : Specification for Plug ValvesBS 5353 : Specification for Plug Valves
BS 5433 : Specifications for underground stop valves for waterBS 5433 : Specifications for underground stop valves for water
BS 6364 : Specifications for Valves for Cryogenic servicesBS 6364 : Specifications for Valves for Cryogenic services
BS 6755 : Testing of ValvesBS 6755 : Testing of Valves
BS 6759 : Safety ValvesBS 6759 : Safety Valves
77. INDIAN STANDARDS : Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)INDIAN STANDARDS : Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS)
Unlike American Standards, Indian Standards cover DimensionalUnlike American Standards, Indian Standards cover Dimensional
and material Specifications under the same Standard Number:and material Specifications under the same Standard Number:
The following are some of the commonly referred Indian standardsThe following are some of the commonly referred Indian standards
by Piping Engineers:by Piping Engineers:
IS 778 : Specification for Copper Alloy Gate, Globe and CheckIS 778 : Specification for Copper Alloy Gate, Globe and Check
ValvesValves
IS 780 : Specification for Sluice Valves – 50 NB to 300 NBIS 780 : Specification for Sluice Valves – 50 NB to 300 NB
IS 2906 : Specification for Sluice Valves – 350 NB to 1200 NBIS 2906 : Specification for Sluice Valves – 350 NB to 1200 NB
IS 4038 : Specifications for Foot ValvesIS 4038 : Specifications for Foot Valves
IS 5312 : Specification for Check ValvesIS 5312 : Specification for Check Valves
IS 6157 : Inspection and Testing of ValveIS 6157 : Inspection and Testing of Valve
IS 10605 : Steel Globe Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10605 : Steel Globe Valves for Petroleum Industries
IS 10611 : Steel Gate Valves for Petroleum IndustriesIS 10611 : Steel Gate Valves for Petroleum Industries
IS 10805 : Foot ValvesIS 10805 : Foot Valves
IS 11790 : Code of practice for preparation of Butt welding ends forIS 11790 : Code of practice for preparation of Butt welding ends for
valves, flanges and fittingsvalves, flanges and fittings
IS 11792 : Steel Ball Valves for Petroleum IndustryIS 11792 : Steel Ball Valves for Petroleum Industry
IS 13095 : Butterfly ValvesIS 13095 : Butterfly Valves
DIN standards of Germany and JIS standards of Japan.DIN standards of Germany and JIS standards of Japan.
78. ERECTION TIPS:ERECTION TIPS:
Gate/ Globe Stem to be erected in vertical direction toGate/ Globe Stem to be erected in vertical direction to
avoid the chances of leakage.avoid the chances of leakage.
Check Valve to be erected in Horizontal and according toCheck Valve to be erected in Horizontal and according to
the flow of direction marked in the valve.the flow of direction marked in the valve.
While lifting Higher size Gate valves, Integral By-passWhile lifting Higher size Gate valves, Integral By-pass
lines should not be used for lifting purpose.lines should not be used for lifting purpose.
If Valves are tested with water, Valve internals to be driedIf Valves are tested with water, Valve internals to be dried
by Nitrogen/ Air.by Nitrogen/ Air.
79. Quality needs:Quality needs:
ISO 9001-2000.ISO 9001-2000.
API Spec Q1.API Spec Q1.
API 6A.API 6A.
API 6D (Product Specification).API 6D (Product Specification).
IBR.IBR.
