Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Copyright in the Digital Single Market

1. Interinstitutional files:
2016/0280(COD)
Brussels, 16 February 2019
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NOTE
From: General Secretariat of the Council
To: Delegations
N° prev. doc.: 5893/19 + ADD 1
N° Cion doc.: 12254/16
Subject: Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on
Copyright in the Digital Single Market
- 4-column table after trilogue of 11, 12 and 13 February 2019
Delegations will find attached the 4-column table on the above proposal setting out in the 4th column
the compromise text as it results from the Political Agreement reached with the EP at the trilogue
on 13 February 2019.
Changes compared to text set out in the 4th column in ADD 1 of document 5893/19 are in rows 14, 26,
28, 45a, 66a, 69, 72, 73, 82, 83, 85,87, 90, 125, 135, 136, 148, 151, 156, new 214 A+B, 225, 226, 237A,
254-259, 261-263, 282, 283, 285-288, 316 and are highlighted in BLUE. In this version of the 4-column
table, the comments that were relating to the stage of the negotiations (such as "provisionally agreed at
technical meeting/trilogue on ...") were deleted.
WK 2300/2019 INIT
LIMITE EN

2. 1
ANNEXI
ProposalforadirectiveoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncil
oncopyrightintheDigitalSingleMarket
COM(2016)593final-2016/0280(COD)
PART1:CITATIONSANDRECITALS
Row
COMMISSIONPROPOSAL
COM(2016)593
EPTEXT
P8_TA-PROV(2018)0337
A8-0245/2018
COUNCILTEXT
9134/18
POSSIBLECOMPROMISE
SOLUTION
1.Proposalfora
DIRECTIVEOFTHE
EUROPEANPARLIAMENT
ANDOFTHECOUNCIL
oncopyrightintheDigital
SingleMarket
(TextwithEEArelevance)
Proposalfora
DIRECTIVEOFTHE
EUROPEANPARLIAMENT
ANDOFTHECOUNCIL
oncopyrightintheDigitalSingle
Market
(TextwithEEArelevance)
Proposalfora
DIRECTIVEOFTHE
EUROPEANPARLIAMENT
ANDOFTHECOUNCIL
oncopyrightintheDigital
SingleMarket
(TextwithEEArelevance)
Proposalfora
DIRECTIVEOFTHE
EUROPEANPARLIAMENT
ANDOFTHECOUNCIL
oncopyrightintheDigital
SingleMarket
(TextwithEEArelevance)
2.THEEUROPEAN
PARLIAMENTANDTHE
COUNCILOFTHE
EUROPEANUNION,
THEEUROPEAN
PARLIAMENTANDTHE
COUNCILOFTHEEUROPEAN
UNION,
THEEUROPEAN
PARLIAMENTANDTHE
COUNCILOFTHE
EUROPEANUNION,
THEEUROPEAN
PARLIAMENTANDTHE
COUNCILOFTHE
EUROPEANUNION,
3.HavingregardtotheTreatyon
theFunctioningofthe
HavingregardtotheTreatyonthe
FunctioningoftheEuropean
HavingregardtotheTreatyon
theFunctioningofthe
HavingregardtotheTreatyon
theFunctioningoftheEuropean

3. 2
EuropeanUnion,andin
particularArticle114thereof,
Union,andinparticular
Article114thereof,
EuropeanUnion,andin
particular
ArticleArticles53(1),62and
114thereof
Union,andin
particularArticleArticles53(1),
62and114thereof,
4.Havingregardtotheproposal
fromtheEuropean
Commission,
Havingregardtotheproposal
fromtheEuropeanCommission,
Havingregardtotheproposal
fromtheEuropean
Commission,
Havingregardtotheproposal
fromtheEuropeanCommission,
5.Aftertransmissionofthedraft
legislativeacttothenational
parliaments,
Aftertransmissionofthedraft
legislativeacttothenational
parliaments,
Aftertransmissionofthedraft
legislativeacttothenational
parliaments,
Aftertransmissionofthedraft
legislativeacttothenational
parliaments,
6.Havingregardtotheopinionof
theEuropeanEconomicand
SocialCommittee1
,
Havingregardtotheopinionof
theEuropeanEconomicand
SocialCommittee1
,
Havingregardtotheopinionof
theEuropeanEconomicand
SocialCommittee1
,
Havingregardtotheopinionof
theEuropeanEconomicand
SocialCommittee1,
7.Havingregardtotheopinionof
theCommitteeoftheRegions2
,
Havingregardtotheopinionof
theCommitteeoftheRegions2
,
Havingregardtotheopinionof
theCommitteeoftheRegions2
,
Havingregardtotheopinionof
theCommitteeoftheRegions2,
8.Actinginaccordancewiththe
ordinarylegislativeprocedure,
Actinginaccordancewiththe
ordinarylegislativeprocedure,
Actinginaccordancewiththe
ordinarylegislativeprocedure,
Actinginaccordancewiththe
ordinarylegislativeprocedure,
9.Whereas:Whereas:Whereas:Whereas:
10.(1)TheTreatyprovidesfor
theestablishmentofaninternal
marketandtheinstitutionofa
systemensuringthat
competitionintheinternal
(1)TheTreatyprovidesfor
theestablishmentofaninternal
marketandtheinstitutionofa
systemensuringthatcompetition
intheinternalmarketisnot
(1)TheTreatyprovidesfor
theestablishmentofaninternal
marketandtheinstitutionofa
systemensuringthat
competitionintheinternal
(1)TheTreatyprovidesfor
theestablishmentofaninternal
marketandtheinstitutionofa
systemensuringthatcompetition
intheinternalmarketisnot
1
OJC,,p..
2
OJC,,p..

4. 3
marketisnotdistorted.
Harmonisationofthelawsof
theMemberStateson
copyrightandrelatedrights
shouldcontributefurthertothe
achievementofthose
objectives.
distorted.Harmonisationofthe
lawsoftheMemberStateson
copyrightandrelatedrights
shouldcontributefurthertothe
achievementofthoseobjectives.
marketisnotdistorted.
Harmonisationofthelawsof
theMemberStateson
copyrightandrelatedrights
shouldcontributefurthertothe
achievementofthose
objectives.
distorted.Harmonisationofthe
lawsoftheMemberStateson
copyrightandrelatedrights
shouldcontributefurthertothe
achievementofthoseobjectives.
11.(2)Thedirectiveswhich
havebeenadoptedinthearea
ofcopyrightandrelatedrights
provideforahighlevelof
protectionforrightholdersand
createaframeworkwherein
theexploitationofworksand
otherprotectedsubject-matter
cantakeplace.This
harmonisedlegalframework
contributestothegood
functioningoftheinternal
market;itstimulates
innovation,creativity,
investmentandproductionof
newcontent,alsointhedigital
environment.Theprotection
providedbythislegal
frameworkalsocontributesto
theUnion'sobjectiveof
respectingandpromoting
culturaldiversitywhileatthe
sametimebringingthe
Europeancommoncultural
(2)Thedirectiveswhichhave
beenadoptedintheareaof
copyrightandrelatedrights
contributetothefunctioningof
theinternalmarket,providefora
highlevelofprotectionfor
rightholders,facilitatethe
clearanceofrightsandcreatea
frameworkwhereinthe
exploitationofworksandother
protectedsubject-mattercantake
place.Thisharmonisedlegal
frameworkcontributestothegood
functioningoftheatruly
integratedinternalmarket;it
stimulatesinnovation,creativity,
investmentandproductionofnew
content,alsointhedigital
environment,withaviewto
avoidingfragmentationofthe
internalmarket.Theprotection
providedbythislegalframework
alsocontributestotheUnion's
objectiveofrespectingand
(2)The
directivesDirectiveswhich
havebeenadoptedinthearea
ofcopyrightandrelatedrights
provideforahighlevelof
protectionforrightholdersand
createaframeworkwhereinthe
exploitationofworksandother
protectedsubject-mattercan
takeplace.Thisharmonised
legalframeworkcontributesto
thegoodfunctioningofthe
internalmarket;itstimulates
innovation,creativity,
investmentandproductionof
newcontent,alsointhedigital
environment.Theprotection
providedbythislegal
frameworkalsocontributesto
theUnion'sobjectiveof
respectingandpromoting
culturaldiversitywhileatthe
sametimebringingthe
Europeancommoncultural
(2)Thedirectiveswhich
havebeenadoptedintheareaof
copyrightandrelatedrights
contributetothefunctioningof
theinternalmarket,providefor
ahighlevelofprotectionfor
rightholders,facilitatethe
clearanceofrightsandcreatea
frameworkwhereinthe
exploitationofworksandother
protectedsubject-mattercantake
place.Thisharmonisedlegal
frameworkcontributestothe
goodfunctioningoftheinternal
market;itstimulatesinnovation,
creativity,investmentand
productionofnewcontent,also
inthedigitalenvironment,witha
viewtoavoidingfragmentation
oftheinternalmarket.The
protectionprovidedbythislegal
frameworkalsocontributesto
theUnion'sobjectiveof
respectingandpromoting

5. 4
heritagetothefore.Article
167(4)oftheTreatyonthe
FunctioningoftheEuropean
UnionrequirestheUnionto
takeculturalaspectsinto
accountinitsaction.
promotingculturaldiversitywhile
atthesametimebringingthe
Europeancommoncultural
heritagetothefore.Article167(4)
oftheTreatyontheFunctioning
oftheEuropeanUnionrequires
theUniontotakeculturalaspects
intoaccountinitsaction.
heritagetothefore.Article
167(4)oftheTreatyonthe
FunctioningoftheEuropean
UnionrequirestheUnionto
takeculturalaspectsinto
accountinitsaction.
culturaldiversitywhileatthe
sametimebringingtheEuropean
commonculturalheritagetothe
fore.Article167(4)oftheTreaty
ontheFunctioningofthe
EuropeanUnionrequiresthe
Uniontotakeculturalaspects
intoaccountinitsaction.
12.(3)Rapidtechnological
developmentscontinueto
transformthewayworksand
othersubject-matterare
created,produced,distributed
andexploited.Newbusiness
modelsandnewactors
continuetoemerge.The
objectivesandtheprinciples
laiddownbytheUnion
copyrightframeworkremain
sound.However,legal
uncertaintyremains,forboth
rightholdersandusers,as
regardscertainuses,including
cross-borderuses,ofworks
andothersubject-matterinthe
digitalenvironment.Assetout
intheCommunicationofthe
Commissionentitled‘Towards
amodern,moreEuropean
copyrightframework’3
,in
someareasitisnecessaryto
(3)Rapidtechnological
developmentscontinueto
transformthewayworksand
othersubject-matterarecreated,
produced,distributedand
exploited,andrelevant
legislationneedstobefuture
proofsoasnottorestrict
technologicaldevelopment.New
businessmodelsandnewactors
continuetoemerge.The
objectivesandtheprincipleslaid
downbytheUnioncopyright
frameworkremainsound.
However,legaluncertainty
remains,forbothrightholdersand
users,asregardscertainuses,
includingcross-borderuses,of
worksandothersubject-matterin
thedigitalenvironment.Assetout
intheCommunicationofthe
Commissionentitled'Towardsa
modern,moreEuropeancopyright
(3)Rapidtechnological
developmentscontinueto
transformthewayworksand
othersubject-matterare
created,produced,distributed
andexploited.Newbusiness
modelsandnewactors
continuetoemerge.The
objectivesandtheprinciples
laiddownbytheUnion
copyrightframeworkremain
sound.However,legal
uncertaintyremains,forboth
rightholdersandusers,as
regardscertainuses,including
cross-borderuses,ofworks
andothersubject-matterinthe
digitalenvironment.Assetout
intheCommunicationofthe
Commissionentitled‘Towards
amodern,moreEuropean
copyrightframework’3
,in
someareasitisnecessaryto
(3)Rapidtechnological
developmentscontinueto
transformthewayworksand
othersubject-matterarecreated,
produced,distributedand
exploited.Newbusinessmodels
andnewactorscontinueto
emerge.Relevantlegislation
needstobefutureproofsoas
nottorestricttechnological
development.Theobjectivesand
theprincipleslaiddownbythe
Unioncopyrightframework
remainsound.However,legal
uncertaintyremains,forboth
rightholdersandusers,asregards
certainuses,includingcross-
borderuses,ofworksandother
subject-matterinthedigital
environment.Assetoutinthe
Communicationofthe
Commissionentitled'Towardsa
modern,moreEuropean

6. 5
adaptandsupplementthe
currentUnioncopyright
framework.ThisDirective
providesforrulestoadapt
certainexceptionsand
limitationstodigitalandcross-
borderenvironments,aswell
asmeasurestofacilitatecertain
licensingpracticesasregards
thedisseminationofout-of-
commerceworksandthe
onlineavailabilityof
audiovisualworksonvideo-
on-demandplatformswitha
viewtoensuringwideraccess
tocontent.Inordertoachieve
awell-functioningmarketplace
forcopyright,thereshouldalso
berulesonrightsin
publications,ontheuseof
worksandothersubject-matter
byonlineserviceproviders
storingandgivingaccessto
useruploadedcontentandon
thetransparencyofauthors'
andperformers'contracts.
framework'3
,insomeareasitis
necessarytoadaptand
supplementthecurrentUnion
copyrightframework.This
Directiveprovidesforrulesto
adaptcertainexceptionsand
limitationstodigitalandcross-
borderenvironments,aswellas
measurestofacilitatecertain
licensingpracticesasregardsthe
disseminationofout-of-commerce
worksandtheonlineavailability
ofaudiovisualworksonvideo-on-
demandplatformswithaviewto
ensuringwideraccesstocontent.
Inordertoachieveawell-
functioningandfairmarketplace
forcopyright,thereshouldalsobe
rulesonrightsinpublications,on
theexerciseandenforcementof
theuseofworksandother
subject-matterbyononline
serviceprovidersstoringand
givingaccesstouseruploaded
contentproviders’platformsand
onthetransparencyofauthors'
andperformers'contractsandof
theaccountinglinkedwiththe
exploitationofprotectedworksin
accordancewiththosecontracts.
adaptandsupplementthe
currentUnioncopyright
framework.keepingahigh
levelofprotectionof
copyrightandrelatedrights.
ThisDirectiveprovidesfor
rulestoadaptcertain
exceptionsandlimitationsto
digitalandcross-border
environments,aswellas
measurestofacilitatecertain
licensingpracticesasregards
thedisseminationofout-of-
commerceworksandthe
onlineavailabilityof
audiovisualworksonvideo-
on-demandplatformswitha
viewtoensuringwideraccess
tocontent.Inordertoachieve
awell-functioningmarketplace
forcopyright,thereshouldalso
berulesonrightsin
publications,ontheuseof
worksandothersubject-matter
byonlineserviceproviders
storingandgivingaccessto
useruploadedcontentandon
thetransparencyofauthors'
andperformers'contracts.
copyrightframework'3
,insome
areasitisnecessarytoadaptand
supplementthecurrentUnion
copyrightframeworkkeepinga
highlevelofprotectionof
copyrightandrelatedrights.
ThisDirectiveprovidesforrules
toadaptcertainexceptionsand
limitationstodigitalandcross-
borderenvironments,aswellas
measurestofacilitatecertain
licensingpracticesnotablybut
notonlyasregardsthe
disseminationofout-of-
commerceworksandtheonline
availabilityofaudiovisualworks
onvideo-on-demandplatforms
withaviewtoensuringwider
accesstocontent.Italso
containsrulestofacilitatethe
useofcontentinthepublic
domain.Inordertoachievea
well-functioningandfair
marketplaceforcopyright,there
shouldalsoberulesonrightsin
publications,ontheuseofworks
andothersubject-matterby
onlineserviceprovidersstoring
andgivingaccesstouser
uploadedcontent,onthe
3
COM(2015)626final.

7. 6
transparencyofauthors'and
performers'contracts,on
authors’andperformers’
remuneration,aswellasa
mechanismfortherevocationof
therightsthatauthorsand
performershavetransferredon
anexclusivebasis.
13.(4)ThisDirectiveisbased
upon,andcomplements,the
ruleslaiddowninthe
Directivescurrentlyinforcein
thisarea,inparticular
Directive96/9/ECofthe
EuropeanParliamentandof
theCouncil4
,Directive
2001/29/ECoftheEuropean
ParliamentandoftheCouncil6
,
Directive2006/115/ECofthe
EuropeanParliamentandof
theCouncil7
,Directive
2009/24/ECoftheEuropean
(4)ThisDirectiveisbasedupon,
andcomplements,theruleslaid
downintheDirectivescurrently
inforceinthisarea,inparticular
Directive96/9/ECofthe
EuropeanParliamentandofthe
Council4
,Directive2000/31/EC
oftheEuropeanParliamentand
oftheCouncil5,Directive
2001/29/ECoftheEuropean
ParliamentandoftheCouncil6
,
Directive2006/115/ECofthe
EuropeanParliamentandofthe
Council7
,Directive2009/24/EC
(4)ThisDirectiveisbased
upon,andcomplements,the
ruleslaiddowninthe
Directivescurrentlyinforcein
thisarea,inparticular
Directive96/9/ECofthe
EuropeanParliamentandofthe
Council4
,Directive
2000/31/ECoftheEuropean
Parliamentandofthe
Council5,Directive
2001/29/ECoftheEuropean
ParliamentandoftheCouncil6
,
Directive2006/115/ECofthe
(4)ThisDirectiveisbasedupon,
andcomplements,theruleslaid
downintheDirectivescurrently
inforceinthisarea,inparticular
Directive96/9/ECofthe
EuropeanParliamentandofthe
Council4
,Directive2000/31/EC
oftheEuropeanParliamentand
oftheCouncil5,Directive
2001/29/ECoftheEuropean
ParliamentandoftheCouncil6
,
Directive2006/115/ECofthe
EuropeanParliamentandofthe
Council7
,Directive2009/24/EC
4
Directive96/9/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof11March1996onthelegalprotectionofdatabases(OJL77,27.3.1996,p.20–
28).
5
Directive2000/31/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof8June2000oncertainlegalaspectsofinformationsocietyservices,in
particularelectroniccommerce,intheInternalMarket(OJL178,17.07.2000,p.1–16).
6
Directive2001/29/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof22May2001ontheharmonisationofcertainaspectsofcopyrightandrelated
rightsintheinformationsociety(OJL167,22.6.2001,p.10–19).
7
Directive2006/115/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof12December2006onrentalrightandlendingrightandoncertainrights
relatedtocopyrightinthefieldofintellectualproperty(OJL376,27.12.2006,p.28–35).

8. 7
ParliamentandoftheCouncil8
,
Directive2012/28/EUofthe
EuropeanParliamentandof
theCouncil9
andDirective
2014/26/EUoftheEuropean
Parliamentandofthe
Council10
.
oftheEuropeanParliamentandof
theCouncil8
,Directive
2012/28/EUoftheEuropean
ParliamentandoftheCouncil9
andDirective2014/26/EUofthe
EuropeanParliamentandofthe
Council10
.
EuropeanParliamentandofthe
Council7
,Directive
2009/24/ECoftheEuropean
ParliamentandoftheCouncil8
,
Directive2012/28/EUofthe
EuropeanParliamentandofthe
Council9
andDirective
2014/26/EUoftheEuropean
Parliamentandofthe
Council10
.
oftheEuropeanParliamentand
oftheCouncil8
,Directive
2012/28/EUoftheEuropean
ParliamentandoftheCouncil9
andDirective2014/26/EUofthe
EuropeanParliamentandofthe
Council10
.
14.(5)Inthefieldsof
research,educationand
preservationofcultural
heritage,digitaltechnologies
permitnewtypesofusesthat
arenotclearlycoveredbythe
currentUnionruleson
exceptionsandlimitations.In
addition,theoptionalnatureof
exceptionsandlimitations
providedforinDirectives
2001/29/EC,96/9/ECand
2009/24/ECinthesefieldsmay
negativelyimpactthe
(5)Inthefieldsofresearch,
innovation,educationand
preservationofculturalheritage,
digitaltechnologiespermitnew
typesofusesthatarenotclearly
coveredbythecurrentUnion
rulesonexceptionsand
limitations.Inaddition,the
optionalnatureofexceptionsand
limitationsprovidedforin
Directives2001/29/EC,96/9/EC
and2009/24/ECinthesefields
maynegativelyimpactthe
functioningoftheinternalmarket.
(5)Inthefieldsof
research,educationand
preservationofcultural
heritage,digitaltechnologies
permitnewtypesofusesthat
arenotclearlycoveredbythe
currentUnionruleson
exceptionsandlimitations.In
addition,theoptionalnatureof
exceptionsandlimitations
providedforinDirectives
2001/29/EC,96/9/ECand
2009/24/ECinthesefieldsmay
negativelyimpactthe
(5)Inthefieldsofresearch,
innovation,educationand
preservationofculturalheritage,
digitaltechnologiespermitnew
typesofusesthatarenotclearly
coveredbythecurrentUnion
rulesonexceptionsand
limitations.Inaddition,the
optionalnatureofexceptionsand
limitationsprovidedforin
Directives2001/29/EC,96/9/EC
and2009/24/ECinthesefields
maynegativelyimpactthe
functioningoftheinternal
8Directive2009/24/ECoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof23April2009onthelegalprotectionofcomputerprograms(OJL
111,5.5.2009,p.16–22).
9Directive2012/28/EUoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof25October2012oncertainpermittedusesoforphanworks(OJL
299,27.10.2012,p.5–12).
10Directive2014/26/EUoftheEuropeanParliamentandoftheCouncilof26February2014oncollectivemanagementofcopyrightand
relatedrightsandmulti-territoriallicensingofrightsinmusicalworksforonlineuseintheinternalmarket(OJL84,20.3.2014,p.72–98).

9. 8
functioningoftheinternal
market.Thisisparticularly
relevantasregardscross-
borderuses,whichare
becomingincreasingly
importantinthedigital
environment.Therefore,the
existingexceptionsand
limitationsinUnionlawthat
arerelevantforscientific
research,teachingand
preservationofcultural
heritageshouldbereassessed
inthelightofthosenewuses.
Mandatoryexceptionsor
limitationsforusesoftextand
dataminingtechnologiesinthe
fieldofscientificresearch,
illustrationforteachinginthe
digitalenvironmentandfor
preservationofcultural
heritageshouldbeintroduced.
Forusesnotcoveredbythe
exceptionsorthelimitation
providedforinthisDirective,
theexceptionsandlimitations
existinginUnionlawshould
continuetoapply.Directives
96/9/ECand2001/29/EC
shouldbeadapted.
Thisisparticularlyrelevantas
regardscross-borderuses,which
arebecomingincreasingly
importantinthedigital
environment.Therefore,the
existingexceptionsand
limitationsinUnionlawthatare
relevantforinnovation,scientific
research,teachingand
preservationofculturalheritage
shouldbereassessedinthelight
ofthosenewuses.Mandatory
exceptionsorlimitationsforuses
oftextanddatamining
technologiesinthefieldof
innovationandscientific
research,illustrationforteaching
inthedigitalenvironmentandfor
preservationofculturalheritage
shouldbeintroduced.Forusesnot
coveredbytheexceptionsorthe
limitationprovidedforinthis
Directive,theexceptionsand
limitationsexistinginUnionlaw
shouldcontinuetoapply.
Therefore,existingwell-
functioningexceptionsinthose
fieldsshouldbeallowedto
continuetobeavailablein
MemberStates,aslongasthey
donotrestrictthescopeofthe
exceptionsorlimitations
functioningoftheinternal
market.Thisisparticularly
relevantasregardscross-
borderuses,whichare
becomingincreasingly
importantinthedigital
environment.Therefore,the
existingexceptionsand
limitationsinUnionlawthat
arerelevantforscientific
research,teachingand
preservationofcultural
heritageshouldbereassessed
inthelightofthosenewuses.
Mandatoryexceptionsor
limitationsforusesoftextand
dataminingtechnologiesinthe
fieldofscientificresearch,
illustrationforteachinginthe
digitalenvironmentandfor
preservationofcultural
heritageshouldbeintroduced.
Forusesnotcoveredbythe
exceptionsorthelimitation
providedforinthisDirective,
theTheexceptionsand
limitationsexistinginUnion
lawshouldcontinuetoapply,
includingtotextanddata
mining,educationand
preservationactivities,as
longastheydonotlimitthe
market.Thisisparticularly
relevantasregardscross-border
uses,whicharebecoming
increasinglyimportantinthe
digitalenvironment.Therefore,
theexistingexceptionsand
limitationsinUnionlawthatare
relevantforinnovation,
scientificresearch,teachingand
preservationofculturalheritage
shouldbereassessedinthelight
ofthosenewuses.Mandatory
exceptionsorlimitationsforuses
oftextanddatamining
technologiesinthefieldof
scientificresearch,illustration
forteachinginthedigital
environmentandforpreservation
ofculturalheritageshouldbe
introduced.Forusesnotcovered
bytheexceptionsorthe
limitationprovidedforinthis
Directive,theTheexceptionsand
limitationsexistinginUnionlaw
shouldcontinuetoapply,
includingtotextanddata
mining,educationand
preservationactivities,aslong
astheydonotlimitthescopeof
themandatoryexceptionslaid
downinthisDirective,which
needtobeimplementedby

10. 9
providedforinthisDirective.
Directives96/9/ECand
2001/29/ECshouldbeadapted.
scopeofthemandatory
exceptionslaiddowninthis
Directiveandoncondition
thattheirapplicationdoes
notadverselyaffectnor
circumventthemandatory
rulessetoutinthisDirective.
Directives96/9/ECand
2001/29/ECshouldbeadapted.
MemberStatesintheirnational
lawandonconditionthattheir
applicationdoesnotadversely
affectnorcircumventthe
mandatoryrulessetoutinthis
Directive.Directives96/9/EC
and2001/29/ECshouldbe
adapted.
15.(6)Theexceptionsandthe
limitationsetoutinthis
Directiveseektoachieveafair
balancebetweentherightsand
interestsofauthorsandother
rightholdersontheonehand,
andofusersontheother.They
canbeappliedonlyincertain
specialcaseswhichdonot
conflictwiththenormal
exploitationoftheworksor
othersubject-matteranddonot
unreasonablyprejudicethe
legitimateinterestsofthe
rightholders.
(6)Theexceptionsandthe
limitationlimitationssetoutin
thisDirectiveseektoachievea
fairbalancebetweentherights
andinterestsofauthorsandother
rightholdersontheonehand,and
ofusersontheother.Theycanbe
appliedonlyincertainspecial
caseswhichdonotconflictwith
thenormalexploitationofthe
worksorothersubject-matterand
donotunreasonablyprejudicethe
legitimateinterestsofthe
rightholders.
(6)Theexceptionsandthe
limitationsetoutprovidedfor
inthisDirectiveseekto
achieveafairbalancebetween
therightsandinterestsof
authorsandotherrightholders
ontheonehand,andofusers
ontheother.Theycanbe
appliedonlyincertainspecial
caseswhichdonotconflict
withthenormalexploitationof
theworksorothersubject-
matteranddonotunreasonably
prejudicethelegitimate
interestsoftherightholders.
(6)Theexceptionsand
limitationssetoutprovidedforin
thisDirectiveseektoachievea
fairbalancebetweentherights
andinterestsofauthorsandother
rightholdersontheonehand,and
ofusersontheother.Theycan
beappliedonlyincertainspecial
caseswhichdonotconflictwith
thenormalexploitationofthe
worksorothersubject-matter
anddonotunreasonably
prejudicethelegitimateinterests
oftherightholders.
16.(7)Theprotectionof
technologicalmeasures
establishedinDirective
2001/29/ECremainsessential
toensuretheprotectionandthe
effectiveexerciseoftherights
(7)Theprotectionof
technologicalmeasures
establishedinDirective
2001/29/ECremainsessentialto
ensuretheprotectionandthe
effectiveexerciseoftherights
(7)Theprotectionof
technologicalmeasures
establishedinDirective
2001/29/ECremainsessential
toensuretheprotectionandthe
effectiveexerciseoftherights
(7)Theprotectionof
technologicalmeasures
establishedinDirective
2001/29/ECremainsessentialto
ensuretheprotectionandthe
effectiveexerciseoftherights

11. 10
grantedtoauthorsandtoother
rightholdersunderUnionlaw.
Thisprotectionshouldbe
maintainedwhileensuringthat
theuseoftechnological
measuresdoesnotpreventthe
enjoymentoftheexceptions
andthelimitationestablished
inthisDirective,whichare
particularlyrelevantinthe
onlineenvironment.
Rightholdersshouldhavethe
opportunitytoensurethis
throughvoluntarymeasures.
Theyshouldremainfreeto
choosetheformatandthe
modalitiestoprovidethe
beneficiariesoftheexceptions
andthelimitationestablished
inthisDirectivewiththe
meanstobenefitfromthem
providedthatsuchmeansare
appropriate.Intheabsenceof
voluntarymeasures,Member
Statesshouldtakeappropriate
measuresinaccordancewith
thefirstsubparagraphof
Article6(4)ofDirective
2001/29/EC.
grantedtoauthorsandtoother
rightholdersunderUnionlaw.
Thisprotectionshouldbe
maintainedwhileensuringthatthe
useoftechnologicalmeasures
doesnotpreventtheenjoymentof
theexceptionsandthelimitation
establishedinthisDirective,
whichareparticularlyrelevantin
theonlineenvironment.
Rightholdersshouldhavethe
opportunitytoensurethisthrough
voluntarymeasures.Theyshould
remainfreetochoosetheformat
andthemodalitiestoprovidethe
beneficiariesoftheexceptions
andthelimitationestablishedin
thisDirectivewiththemeansto
benefitfromthemprovidedthat
suchmeansareappropriate.Inthe
absenceofvoluntarymeasures,
MemberStatesshouldtake
appropriatemeasuresin
accordancewiththefirst
subparagraphofArticle6(4)of
Directive2001/29/EC.
grantedtoauthorsandtoother
rightholdersunderUnionlaw.
Thisprotectionshouldbe
maintainedwhileensuringthat
theuseoftechnological
measuresdoesnotpreventthe
enjoymentoftheexceptions
andthelimitationestablished
inthisDirective,whichare
particularlyrelevantinthe
onlineenvironment..
Rightholdersshouldhavethe
opportunitytoensurethis
throughvoluntarymeasures.
Theyshouldremainfreeto
choosetheformatandthe
modalitiesto
provideappropriatemeansof
enablingthebeneficiariesof
theexceptionsandthe
limitationestablishedinthis
Directivewiththemeansto
benefitfromthemprovided
thatsuchmeansare
appropriate.Intheabsenceof
voluntarymeasures,Member
Statesshouldtakeappropriate
measuresinaccordancewith
thefirstsubparagraphof
Article6(4)ofDirective
2001/29/EC,includingwhere
worksandothersubject-
grantedtoauthorsandtoother
rightholdersunderUnionlaw.
Thisprotectionshouldbe
maintainedwhileensuringthat
theuseoftechnological
measuresdoesnotpreventthe
enjoymentoftheexceptionsand
limitationsestablishedinthis
Directive,whichareparticularly
relevantintheonline
environment..Rightholders
shouldhavetheopportunityto
ensurethisthroughvoluntary
measures.Theyshouldremain
freetochoosetheformatandthe
modalitiestoprovideappropriate
meansofenablingthe
beneficiariesoftheexceptions
andlimitationsestablishedinthis
Directivewiththemeansto
benefitfromthemprovidedthat
suchmeansareappropriate.In
theabsenceofvoluntary
measures,MemberStatesshould
takeappropriatemeasuresin
accordancewiththefirst
subparagraphofArticle6(4)of
Directive2001/29/EC,including
whereworksandothersubject-
matteraremadeavailable
throughon-demandservices.

12. 11
matteraremadeavailable
throughon-demandservices.
17.(8)Newtechnologies
enabletheautomated
computationalanalysisof
informationindigitalform,
suchastext,sounds,imagesor
data,generallyknownastext
anddatamining.Those
technologiesallowresearchers
toprocesslargeamountsof
informationtogainnew
knowledgeanddiscovernew
trends.Whilsttextanddata
miningtechnologiesare
prevalentacrossthedigital
economy,thereiswidespread
acknowledgmentthattextand
dataminingcaninparticular
benefittheresearchcommunity
andinsodoingencourage
innovation.However,inthe
Union,researchorganisations
suchasuniversitiesand
researchinstitutesare
confrontedwithlegal
uncertaintyastotheextentto
whichtheycanperformtext
anddataminingofcontent.In
certaininstances,textanddata
miningmayinvolveacts
(8)Newtechnologiesenablethe
automatedcomputationalanalysis
ofinformationindigitalform,
suchastext,sounds,imagesor
data,generallyknownastextand
datamining.Thosetechnologies
allowresearcherstoprocessText
anddataminingallowsthe
readingandanalysisoflarge
amountsofdigitallystored
informationtogainnew
knowledgeanddiscovernew
trends.Whilsttextanddata
miningtechnologiesareprevalent
acrossthedigitaleconomy,there
iswidespreadacknowledgment
thattextanddataminingcanin
particularbenefittheresearch
communityandinsodoing
encourageinnovation.However,
intheUnion,research
organisationssuchasuniversities
andresearchinstitutesare
confrontedwithlegaluncertainty
astotheextenttowhichtheycan
performtextanddataminingof
content.Incertaininstances,text
anddataminingmayinvolveacts
protectedbycopyrightand/orby
(8)Newtechnologies
enabletheautomated
computationalanalysisof
informationindigitalform,
suchastext,sounds,imagesor
data,generallyknownastext
anddatamining.Those
technologiesallowresearchers
toprocesslargeamountsof
informationwithaviewto
gaingainingnewknowledge
anddiscoverdiscoveringnew
trends.Whilsttextanddata
miningtechnologiesare
prevalentacrossthedigital
economy,thereiswidespread
acknowledgmentthattextand
dataminingcaninparticular
benefittheresearchcommunity
andinsodoing
encouragesupportinnovation.
However,intheUnion,These
technologiesbenefitresearch
organisationssuchas
universitiesandwellas
culturalheritageinstitutions,
whichmayalsocarryout
researchinstitutesinthe
contextoftheirmain
(8)Newtechnologiesenable
theautomatedcomputational
analysisofinformationindigital
form,suchastext,sounds,
imagesordata,generallyknown
astextanddatamining.Textand
dataminingallowsthe
processingoflargeamountsof
informationwithaviewto
gainingnewknowledgeand
discoveringnewtrends.Whilst
textanddatamining
technologiesareprevalentacross
thedigitaleconomy,thereis
widespreadacknowledgment
thattextanddataminingcanin
particularbenefittheresearch
communityandinsodoing
supportinnovation.These
technologiesbenefituniversities
andotherresearchorganisations
aswellasculturalheritage
institutions,whichmayalso
carryoutresearchinthecontext
oftheirmainactivities.
However,intheUnion,such
organisationsandinstitutionsare
confrontedwithlegaluncertainty
astotheextenttowhichtheycan
performtextanddataminingof

13. 12
protectedbycopyrightand/or
bythesuigenerisdatabase
right,notablythereproduction
ofworksorothersubject-
matterand/ortheextractionof
contentsfromadatabase.
Wherethereisnoexceptionor
limitationwhichapplies,an
authorisationtoundertakesuch
actswouldberequiredfrom
rightholders.Textanddata
miningmayalsobecarriedout
inrelationtomerefactsordata
whicharenotprotectedby
copyrightandinsuchinstances
noauthorisationwouldbe
required.
thesuigenerisdatabaseright,
notablythereproductionofworks
orothersubject-matterand/orthe
extractionofcontentsfroma
database.Wherethereisno
exceptionorlimitationwhich
applies,anauthorisationto
undertakesuchactswouldbe
requiredfromrightholders.Text
anddataminingmayalsobe
carriedoutinrelationtomere
factsordatawhicharenot
protectedbycopyrightandinsuch
instancesnoauthorisationwould
berequired.
activities.However,inthe
Union,suchorganisations
andinstitutionsare
confrontedwithlegal
uncertaintyastotheextentto
whichtheycanperformtext
anddataminingofcontent.In
certaininstances,textanddata
miningmayinvolveacts
protectedbycopyrightand/or
bythesuigenerisdatabase
right,notablythereproduction
ofworksorothersubject-
matterand/ortheextractionof
contentsfromadatabase.
Wherethereisnoexceptionor
limitationwhichapplies,an
authorisationtoundertakesuch
actswouldberequiredfrom
rightholders.
[Lastphraseofrecital(8)of
theCOMproposalwasmoved
tonewrecital(8a)Council's
text-seefollowingrow18]
content.Incertaininstances,text
anddataminingmayinvolve
actsprotectedbycopyright
and/orbythesuigeneris
databaseright,notablythe
reproductionofworksorother
subject-matterand/orthe
extractionofcontentsfroma
database,whichforexample
happenswhenthedatais
normalisedintheprocessoftext
anddatamining.Wherethereis
noexceptionorlimitationwhich
applies,anauthorisationto
undertakesuchactswouldbe
requiredfromrightholders.
18.(8a)Textanddatamining
mayalsobecarriedoutin
relationtomerefactsordata
whicharenotprotectedby
copyrightandinsuchinstances
noauthorisationwouldbeis
requiredundercopyrightlaw.
(8a)Textanddataminingmay
alsobecarriedoutinrelationto
merefactsordatawhicharenot
protectedbycopyrightandin
suchinstancesnoauthorisationis
requiredundercopyrightlaw.
Theremayalsobeinstancesof

14. 13
Theremayalsobeinstances
oftextanddatamining
whichdonotinvolveactsof
reproductionorwherethe
reproductionsmadefall
undertheThenewexception
shouldbewithoutprejudiceto
theexistingmandatory
exceptionfortemporaryactsof
reproductionlaiddownin
Article5(1)ofDirective
2001/29/EC,whichshould
continuetoapplytotextand
dataminingtechniqueswhich
donotinvolvethemakingof
copiesbeyondthescopeofthat
exception.
[Firstphraseofnewrecital
(8a)wastakenfromrecital(8)
(lastphrase),secondphraseof
newrecital(8a)wastaken
fromrecital(10)(second
phrase)]
textanddataminingwhichdo
notinvolveactsofreproduction
orwherethereproductionsmade
fallunderthemandatory
exceptionfortemporaryactsof
reproductionlaiddowninArticle
5(1)ofDirective2001/29/EC,
whichshouldcontinuetoapply
totextanddatamining
techniqueswhichdonotinvolve
themakingofcopiesbeyondthe
scopeofthatexception.
19.(8a)Fortextanddataminingto
occur,itisinmostcases
necessaryfirsttoaccess
informationandthento
reproduceit.Itisgenerallyonly
afterthatinformationis
normalisedthatitcanbe
processedthroughtextanddata
[deleted]

15. 14
mining.Oncethereislawful
accesstoinformation,itiswhen
thatinformationisbeing
normalisedthatacopyright-
protectedusetakesplace,since
thisleadstoareproductionby
changingtheformatofthe
informationorbyextractingit
fromadatabaseintoaformat
thatcanbesubjectedtotextand
datamining.Thecopyright-
relevantprocessesintheuseof
textanddataminingtechnology
is,consequently,notthetextand
dataminingprocessitselfwhich
consistsofareadingand
analysisofdigitallystored,
normalisedinformation,butthe
processofaccessingandthe
processbywhichinformationis
normalisedtoenableits
automatedcomputational
analysis,insofarasthisprocess
involvesextractionfroma
databaseorreproductions.The
exceptionsfortextanddata
miningpurposesprovidedforin
thisDirectiveshouldbe
understoodasreferringtosuch
copyright-relevantprocesses
necessarytoenabletextanddata
mining.Whereexistingcopyright

16. 15
lawhasbeeninapplicabletouses
oftextanddatamining,such
usesshouldremainunaffectedby
thisDirective.
20.(9)Unionlawalready
providescertainexceptionsand
limitationscoveringusesfor
scientificresearchpurposes
whichmayapplytoactsoftext
anddatamining.However,
thoseexceptionsand
limitationsareoptionalandnot
fullyadaptedtotheuseof
technologiesinscientific
research.Moreover,where
researchershavelawfulaccess
tocontent,forexamplethrough
subscriptionstopublicationsor
openaccesslicences,theterms
ofthelicencesmayexclude
textanddatamining.As
researchisincreasinglycarried
outwiththeassistanceof
digitaltechnology,thereisa
riskthattheUnion's
competitivepositionasa
researchareawillsufferunless
stepsaretakentoaddressthe
legaluncertaintyfortextand
datamining.
(9)Unionlawalready
providescertainexceptionsand
limitationscoveringusesfor
scientificresearchpurposeswhich
mayapplytoactsoftextanddata
mining.However,those
exceptionsandlimitationsare
optionalandnotfullyadaptedto
theuseoftechnologiesin
scientificresearch.Moreover,
whereresearchershavelawful
accesstocontent,forexample
throughsubscriptionsto
publicationsoropenaccess
licences,thetermsofthelicences
mayexcludetextanddatamining.
Asresearchisincreasinglycarried
outwiththeassistanceofdigital
technology,thereisariskthatthe
Union'scompetitivepositionasa
researchareawillsufferunless
stepsaretakentoaddressthelegal
uncertaintyfortextanddata
mining.
(9)Unionlawalready
providesforcertainexceptions
andlimitationscoveringuses
forscientificresearchpurposes
whichmayapplytoactsoftext
anddatamining.However,
thoseexceptionsand
limitationsareoptionalandnot
fullyadaptedtotheuseof
technologiesinscientific
research.Moreover,where
researchershavelawfulaccess
tocontent,forexamplethrough
subscriptionstopublicationsor
openaccesslicences,theterms
ofthelicencesmayexclude
textanddatamining.As
researchisincreasinglycarried
outwiththeassistanceof
digitaltechnology,thereisa
riskthattheUnion's
competitivepositionasa
researchareawillsufferunless
stepsaretakentoaddressthe
legaluncertaintyfortextand
datamining.
(9)Unionlawprovidesfor
certainexceptionsand
limitationscoveringusesfor
scientificresearchpurposes
whichmayapplytoactsoftext
anddatamining.However,those
exceptionsandlimitationsare
optionalandnotfullyadaptedto
theuseoftechnologiesin
scientificresearch.Moreover,
whereresearchershavelawful
accesstocontent,forexample
throughsubscriptionsto
publicationsoropenaccess
licences,thetermsofthe
licencesmayexcludetextand
datamining.Asresearchis
increasinglycarriedoutwiththe
assistanceofdigitaltechnology,
thereisariskthattheUnion's
competitivepositionasa
researchareawillsufferunless
stepsaretakentoaddressthe
legaluncertaintyfortextand
datamining.

17. 16
21.(10)Thislegaluncertainty
shouldbeaddressedby
providingforamandatory
exceptiontotherightof
reproductionandalsotothe
righttopreventextractionfrom
adatabase.Thenewexception
shouldbewithoutprejudiceto
theexistingmandatory
exceptionontemporaryactsof
reproductionlaiddownin
Article5(1)ofDirective
2001/29,whichshould
continuetoapplytotextand
dataminingtechniqueswhich
donotinvolvethemakingof
copiesgoingbeyondthescope
ofthatexception.Research
organisationsshouldalso
benefitfromtheexception
whentheyengageintopublic-
privatepartnerships.
(10)Thislegaluncertaintyshould
beaddressedbyprovidingfora
mandatoryexceptionforresearch
organisationstotherightof
reproductionandalsototheright
topreventextractionfroma
database.Thenewexception
shouldbewithoutprejudicetothe
existingmandatoryexceptionon
temporaryactsofreproduction
laiddowninArticle5(1)of
Directive2001/29,whichshould
continuetoapplytotextanddata
miningtechniqueswhichdonot
involvethemakingofcopies
goingbeyondthescopeofthat
exception.Researchorganisations
shouldalsobenefitfromthe
exceptionwhentheyengageinto
public-privatepartnerships.
Educationalestablishmentsand
culturalheritageinstitutionsthat
conductscientificresearch
shouldalsobecoveredbythetext
anddataminingexception,
providedthattheresultsofthe
researchdonotbenefitan
undertakingexercisingadecisive
influenceuponsuch
organisationsinparticular.In
(10)Thislegaluncertainty
shouldbeaddressedby
providingforamandatory
exceptiontotheexclusiveright
ofreproductionandalsotothe
righttopreventextractionfrom
adatabase.Thenewexception
shouldbewithoutprejudiceto
theexistingmandatory
exceptionontemporaryactsof
reproductionlaiddownin
Article5(1)ofDirective
2001/29,whichshould
continuetoapplytotextand
dataminingtechniqueswhich
donotinvolvethemakingof
copiesgoingbeyondthescope
ofthatexception.Inlinewith
theexistingEuropean
researchpolicy,which
encouragesuniversitiesand
researchinstitutestodevelop
collaborationswiththe
privatesector,
Researchresearch
organisationsshouldalso
benefitfromtheexception
whentheyengageintotheir
researchactivitiesare
carriedoutintheframework
(10)Thislegaluncertainty
shouldbeaddressedby
providingforamandatory
exceptionforuniversitiesand
otherresearchorganisations,as
wellasculturalheritage
institutionstotheexclusiveright
ofreproductionandalsotothe
righttopreventextractionfroma
database.Inlinewiththe
existingEuropeanresearch
policy,whichencourages
universitiesandresearch
institutestodevelop
collaborationswiththeprivate
sector,researchorganisations
shouldalsobenefitfromthe
exceptionwhentheirresearch
activitiesarecarriedoutinthe
frameworkofpublic-private
partnerships.Whileresearch
organisationsandcultural
heritageinstitutionsshould
remainthebeneficiariesofthe
exception,theyshouldbeableto
relyontheirprivatepartnersfor
carryingouttextanddata
mining,includingbyusingtheir
technologicaltools.

18. 17
theeventthattheresearchis
carriedoutintheframeworkofa
public-privatepartnership,the
undertakingparticipatinginthe
public-privatepartnershipshould
alsohavelawfulaccesstothe
worksandothersubjectmatter.
Thereproductionsand
extractionsmadefortextand
dataminingpurposesshouldbe
storedinasecuremannerandin
awaythatensuresthatthecopies
areonlyusedforthepurposeof
scientificresearch.
ofpublic-privatepartnerships.
Whileresearchorganisations
andculturalheritage
institutionsshouldremain
thebeneficiariesofthe
exception,theyshouldbe
abletorelyontheirprivate
partnersforcarryingouttext
anddatamining,including
byusingtheirtechnological
tools.
[Thesecondphraseofrecital
(10)oftheCOMproposalwas
movedtonewrecital(8a)-see
row18]
[astothelastsentenceoftheEP
text,seerecitals11(c),row25]
22.(11)Researchorganisations
acrosstheUnionencompassa
widevarietyofentitiesthe
primarygoalofwhichisto
conductscientificresearchor
todosotogetherwiththe
provisionofeducational
services.Duetothediversity
ofsuchentities,itisimportant
tohaveacommon
understandingofthe
beneficiariesoftheexception.
Despitedifferentlegalforms
andstructures,research
organisationsacrossMember
Statesgenerallyhavein
(11)Researchorganisations
acrosstheUnionencompassa
widevarietyofentitiesthe
primarygoalofwhichisto
conductscientificresearchorto
dosotogetherwiththeprovision
ofeducationalservices.Duetothe
diversityofsuchentities,itis
importanttohaveacommon
understandingofthebeneficiaries
oftheexception.Despitedifferent
legalformsandstructures,
researchorganisationsacross
MemberStatesgenerallyhavein
commonthattheyacteitherona
notforprofitbasisorinthe
(11)Researchorganisations
acrosstheUnionencompassa
widevarietyofentitiesthe
primarygoalofwhichisto
conductscientificresearchor
todosotogetherwiththe
provisionofeducational
services.Theterm"scientific
research"withinthe
meaningofthisDirective
coversboththenatural
sciencesandthehuman
sciences.Duetothediversity
ofsuchentities,itisimportant
tohaveacommon
understandingofthe
(11)Researchorganisations
acrosstheUnionencompassa
widevarietyofentitiesthe
primarygoalofwhichisto
conductscientificresearchorto
dosotogetherwiththeprovision
ofeducationalservices.Theterm
"scientificresearch"withinthe
meaningofthisDirectivecovers
boththenaturalsciencesandthe
humansciences.Duetothe
diversityofsuchentities,itis
importanttohaveacommon
understandingofresearch
organisations.Theyshouldfor
examplecover,besides

19. 18
commonthattheyacteitheron
anotforprofitbasisorinthe
contextofapublic-interest
missionrecognisedbythe
State.Suchapublic-interest
missionmay,forexample,be
reflectedthroughpublic
fundingorthroughprovisions
innationallawsorpublic
contracts.Atthesametime,
organisationsuponwhich
commercialundertakingshave
adecisiveinfluenceallowing
themtoexercisecontrol
becauseofstructuralsituations
suchastheirqualityof
shareholdersormembers,
whichmayresultin
preferentialaccesstothe
resultsoftheresearch,should
notbeconsideredresearch
organisationsforthepurposes
ofthisDirective.
contextofapublic-interest
missionrecognisedbytheState.
Suchapublic-interestmission
may,forexample,bereflected
throughpublicfundingorthrough
provisionsinnationallawsor
publiccontracts.Atthesame
time,organisationsuponwhich
commercialundertakingshavea
decisiveinfluenceallowingthem
toexercisecontrolbecauseof
structuralsituationssuchastheir
qualityofshareholdersor
members,whichmayresultin
preferentialaccesstotheresultsof
theresearch,shouldnotbe
consideredresearchorganisations
forthepurposesofthisDirective.
beneficiariesofthe
exception.research
organisations.Theyshould
forexamplecoverentities
suchasresearchinstitutes,
hospitalscarryingout
research,universities,
includinguniversity
libraries,orotherhigher
educationinstitutions.
Despitedifferentlegalforms
andstructures,research
organisationsacrossthe
MemberStatesgenerallyhave
incommonthattheyacteither
onanotforprofitbasisorin
thecontextofapublic-interest
missionrecognisedbythe
State.Suchapublic-interest
missionmay,forexample,be
reflectedthroughpublic
fundingorthroughprovisions
innationallawsorpublic
contracts.Atthesame
timeConversely,organisations
uponwhichcommercial
undertakingshaveadecisive
influenceallowingthemto
exercisecontrolbecauseof
structuralsituationssuchas
theirqualityofshareholdersor
members,whichmayresultin
universitiesorotherhigher
educationinstitutionsandtheir
libraries,alsoentitiessuchas
researchinstitutes,hospitals
carryingoutresearch.Despite
differentlegalformsand
structures,researchorganisations
acrosstheMemberStates
generallyhaveincommonthat
theyacteitheronanotforprofit
basisorinthecontextofa
public-interestmission
recognisedbytheState.Sucha
public-interestmissionmay,for
example,bereflectedthrough
publicfundingorthrough
provisionsinnationallawsor
publiccontracts.Conversely,
organisationsuponwhich
commercialundertakingshavea
decisiveinfluenceallowingthem
toexercisecontrolbecauseof
structuralsituationssuchastheir
qualityofshareholdersor
members,whichmayresultin
preferentialaccesstotheresults
oftheresearch,shouldnotbe
consideredresearch
organisationsforthepurposesof
thisDirective.

20. 19
preferentialaccesstothe
resultsoftheresearch,should
notbeconsideredresearch
organisationsforthepurposes
ofthisDirective.
23.(11a)Culturalheritage
institutionsshouldbe
understoodascovering
publiclyaccessiblelibraries,
museumsandarchives
regardlessofthetypeof
worksandothersubject
matterwhichtheyholdin
theirpermanentcollections,
aswellasfilmoraudio
heritageinstitutions.They
shouldinclude,among
others,nationallibrariesand
nationalarchives.They
shouldalsoinclude
educationalestablishments
andpublicsector
broadcastingorganisations,
asfarastheirarchivesand
publiclyaccessiblelibraries
areconcerned.
(11a)Culturalheritage
institutionsshouldbeunderstood
ascoveringpubliclyaccessible
librariesorandmuseumsand
archivesregardlessofthetypeof
worksandothersubjectmatter
whichtheyholdintheir
permanentcollections,aswellas
archives,filmoraudioheritage
institutions.Theyshouldinclude,
amongothers,nationallibraries
andnationalarchives.They
shouldalsoincludeeducational
establishments,andpublicsector
broadcastingorganisationsand
researchorganisations,asfar
astheirarchivesandpublicly
accessiblelibrariesare
concerned.
24.(11b)Research
organisationsandcultural
heritageinstitutions,
includingthepersons
(11b)Researchorganisations
andculturalheritageinstitutions,
includingthepersonsattached
thereto,shouldbecoveredbythe

21. 20
attachedthereto,shouldbe
coveredbythetextanddata
miningexceptionregarding
contenttowhichtheyhave
lawfulaccess.Lawfulaccess
shouldbeunderstoodas
coveringaccesstocontent
basedonopenaccesspolicy
orthroughcontractual
arrangementsbetween
rightholdersandresearch
organisationsorcultural
heritageinstitutions,suchas
subscriptions,orthrough
otherlawfulmeans.For
instance,incasesof
subscriptionstakenby
researchorganisationsor
culturalheritageinstitutions,
thepersonsattachedthereto
coveredbythese
subscriptionswouldbe
deemedtohavelawfulaccess.
Lawfulaccessalsocovers
accesstocontentthatis
freelyavailableonline.
textanddataminingexception
regardingcontenttowhichthey
havelawfulaccess.Lawful
accessshouldbeunderstoodas
coveringaccesstocontentbased
onopenaccesspolicyorthrough
contractualarrangements
betweenrightholdersand
researchorganisationsorcultural
heritageinstitutions,suchas
subscriptions,orthroughother
lawfulmeans.Forinstance,in
casesofsubscriptionstakenby
researchorganisationsorcultural
heritageinstitutions,thepersons
attachedtheretocoveredbythese
subscriptionswouldbedeemed
tohavelawfulaccess.Lawful
accessalsocoversaccessto
contentthatisfreelyavailable
online.
25.(11c)Research
organisationsandcultural
heritageinstitutionsmayin
certaincases,forexamplefor
subsequentverificationof
(11c)Researchorganisations
andculturalheritageinstitutions
mayincertaincases,forexample
forsubsequentverificationof
scientificresearchresults,need

22. 21
scientificresearchresults,
needtoretainthecopies
madeundertheexceptionfor
thepurposesofcarryingout
textanddatamining.Insuch
cases,thecopiesshouldbe
storedinasecure
environmentandnotbe
retainedforlongerthan
necessaryforthescientific
researchactivities.Member
Statesmaydetermine,at
nationallevelandafter
discussionswithrelevant
stakeholders,further
concretemodalitiesfor
retainingthecopies,
includingthepossibilityto
appointtrustedbodiesfor
thepurposeofstoringsuch
copies.Inordernotto
undulyrestrictthe
applicationoftheexception,
thesemodalitiesshouldbe
proportionateandlimitedto
whatisneededforretaining
thecopiesinasafemanner
andpreventingunauthorised
uses.Usesforthepurposeof
scientificresearchotherthan
textanddatamining,suchas
scientificpeerreviewand
toretainthecopiesmadeunder
theexceptionforthepurposesof
carryingouttextanddata
mining.Insuchcases,thecopies
shouldbestoredinasecure
environment.MemberStates
maydetermine,atnationallevel
andafterdiscussionswith
relevantstakeholders,further
concretemodalitiesforretaining
thecopies,includingthe
possibilitytoappointtrusted
bodiesforthepurposeofstoring
suchcopies.Inordernotto
undulyrestricttheapplicationof
theexception,thesemodalities
shouldbeproportionateand
limitedtowhatisneededfor
retainingthecopiesinasafe
mannerandpreventing
unauthoriseduses.Usesforthe
purposeofscientificresearch
otherthantextanddatamining,
suchasscientificpeerreview
andjointresearch,shouldremain
covered,whereapplicable,by
theexceptionorlimitation
providedforinArticle5(3)(a)of
Directive2001/29/EC.

23. 22
jointresearch,shouldremain
covered,whereapplicable,
bytheexceptionorlimitation
providedforinArticle
5(3)(a)ofDirective
2001/29/EC.
26.(12)Inviewofapotentially
highnumberofaccessrequests
toanddownloadsoftheir
worksorothersubject-matter,
rightholdersshouldbeallowed
toapplymeasureswherethere
isriskthatthesecurityand
integrityofthesystemor
databaseswheretheworksor
othersubject-matterarehosted
wouldbejeopardised.Those
measuresshouldnotexceed
whatisnecessarytopursuethe
objectiveofensuringthe
securityandintegrityofthe
systemandshouldnot
underminetheeffective
applicationoftheexception.
(12)Inviewofapotentially
highnumberofaccessrequeststo
anddownloadsoftheirworksor
othersubject-matter,rightholders
shouldbeallowedtoapply
measureswherethereisriskthat
thesecurityandintegrityofthe
systemordatabaseswherethe
worksorothersubject-matterare
hostedwouldbejeopardised.
Thosemeasuresshouldnot
exceedwhatisnecessaryto
pursuetheobjectiveofensuring
thesecurityandintegrityofthe
systemandshouldnotundermine
theeffectiveapplicationofthe
exception.
(12)Inviewofapotentially
highnumberofaccessrequests
toanddownloadsoftheir
worksorothersubject-matter,
rightholdersshouldbeallowed
toapplymeasureswherewhen
thereisariskthatthesecurity
andintegrityofthe
systemtheirsystemsor
databaseswheretheworksor
othersubject-matterarehosted
wouldcouldbejeopardised.
ThoseSuchmeasurescould
forexamplebeusedto
ensurethatonlypersons
havinglawfulaccesstotheir
datacanaccessit,including
throughIPaddress
validationoruser
authentication.These
measuresshouldnotexceed
whatisnecessarytopursuethe
objectiveofensuringthe
securityandintegrityofthe
systemhoweverremain
(12)Inviewofapotentially
highnumberofaccessrequests
toanddownloadsoftheirworks
orothersubject-matter,
rightholdersshouldbeallowedto
applymeasureswhenthereisa
riskthatthesecurityand
integrityoftheirsystemsor
databasescouldbejeopardised.
Suchmeasurescouldfor
examplebeusedtoensurethat
onlypersonshavinglawful
accesstotheirdatacanaccessit,
includingthroughIPaddress
validationoruserauthentication.
Thosemeasuresshouldremain
proportionatetotherisksand
shouldnotexceedwhatis
necessarytopursuethe
objectiveofensuringthe
securityandintegrityofthe
systemandshouldnot
underminetheeffective
applicationoftheexception.
Thesemeasuresshouldhowever

24. 23
proportionatetotherisks
involvedandshouldnot
underminetheeffective
applicationofthe
exceptionpreventormake
excessivelydifficulttextand
dataminingcarriedoutby
researchers.
remainproportionatetotherisks
involvedandshouldnotprevent
ormakeexcessivelydifficulttext
anddataminingcarriedoutby
researchers.
27.(13)Thereisnoneedto
provideforcompensationfor
rightholdersasregardsuses
underthetextanddatamining
exceptionintroducedbythis
Directivegiventhatinviewof
thenatureandscopeofthe
exceptiontheharmshouldbe
minimal.
(13)Thereisnoneedto
provideforcompensationfor
rightholdersasregardsusesunder
thetextanddataminingexception
introducedbythisDirectivegiven
thatinviewofthenatureand
scopeoftheexceptiontheharm
shouldbeminimal.
(13)ThereisnoneedtoIn
viewofthenatureandscope
oftheexception,whichis
limitedtoentitiescarrying
outscientificresearchany
potentialharmto
rightholderscreatedthrough
thisexceptionshouldbe
minimal.Therefore,Member
Statesshouldnotprovidefor
compensationforrightholders
asregardsusesunderthetext
anddataminingexception
introducedbythisDirective
giventhatinviewofthenature
andscopeoftheexceptionthe
harmshouldbeminimal.
(13)Inviewofthenatureand
scopeoftheexception,whichis
limitedtoentitiescarryingout
scientificresearchanypotential
harmtorightholderscreated
throughthisexceptionshouldbe
minimal.Therefore,Member
Statesshouldnotprovidefor
compensationforrightholdersas
regardsusesunderthetextand
dataminingexceptions
introducedbythisDirective.
28.(13a)Inadditiontotheir
significanceinthecontextof
scientificresearch,textand
dataminingtechniquesare
widelyusedbothbyprivate
(13a)Inadditiontotheir
significanceinthecontextof
scientificresearch,textanddata
miningtechniquesarewidely
usedbothbyprivateandpublic

25. 24
andpublicentitiestoanalyse
largeamountsofdatain
differentareasoflifeandfor
variouspurposes,including
forgovernmentservices,
complexbusinessdecisions
andthedevelopmentofnew
applicationsortechnologies.
Rightholdersshouldremain
abletolicensetheusesof
theirworksandother
subject-matterfallingoutside
thescopeofthemandatory
exceptionprovidedforinthis
Directiveandtheexisting
exceptionsandlimitations
providedforinDirective
2001/29/EC.Atthesame
time,considerationshouldbe
giventothefactthatusersof
textanddatamining
techniquesmaybefacedwith
legaluncertaintyasto
whethertemporary
reproductionsand
extractionswhichareapart
oftheprocessoftextand
dataminingmaybecarried
outonpubliclyavailableand
lawfullyaccessedworksand
othersubject-matter,in
particularwhenthe
entitiestoanalyselargeamounts
ofdataindifferentareasoflife
andforvariouspurposes,
includingforgovernment
services,complexbusiness
decisionsandthedevelopmentof
newapplicationsortechnologies.
Rightholdersshouldremainable
tolicensetheusesoftheirworks
andothersubject-matterfalling
outsidethescopeofthe
mandatoryexceptionprovided
forinthisDirectiveandthe
existingexceptionsand
limitationsprovidedforin
Directive2001/29/EC.Atthe
sametime,considerationshould
begiventothefactthatusersof
textanddataminingtechniques
maybefacedwithlegal
uncertaintyastowhether
temporaryreproductionsand
extractionswhichareapartof
theprocessofmadeforthe
purposesoftextanddatamining
maybecarriedoutonpublicly
availableandlawfullyaccessed
worksandothersubject-matter,
inparticularwhenthe
reproductionsorextractions

26. 25
reproductionsorextractions
madeforthepurposesofthe
technicalprocessmaynot
fulfilalltheconditionsofthe
existingexceptionfor
temporaryactsof
reproductioninArticle5(1)
ofDirective2001/29/EC.In
ordertoprovideformore
legalcertaintyinsuchcases,
thisDirectiveshouldenable
theMemberStatesto
provideundercertain
conditionsforanexception
orlimitationfortemporary
reproductionsand
extractionsofworksand
othersubject-matter,insofar
astheseformapartofthe
textanddataminingprocess
andthecopiesmadearenot
keptbeyondthatprocess.
Thisoptionalexceptionor
limitationshouldonlyapply
whentheworkorother
subject-matterisaccessed
lawfullybythebeneficiary,
includingwhenithasbeen
madeavailabletothepublic
online,andinsofarasthe
rightholdershavenot
reservedtherighttomake
madeforthepurposesofthe
technicalprocessmaynotfulfil
alltheconditionsoftheexisting
exceptionfortemporaryactsof
reproductioninArticle5(1)of
Directive2001/29/EC.
Inordertoprovideformore
legalcertaintyinsuchcasesand
toencourageinnovationalsoin
theprivatesector,thisDirective
should[enabletheMember
Statesto]provideundercertain
conditionsforanexceptionor
limitationfor
temporaryreproductionsand
extractionsofworksandother
subject-matter,insofarasthese
formapartoftheforthe
purposesoftextanddatamining
processandallowthecopies
madearenottobekeptbeyond
thatprocessaslongasnecessary
forthetextanddatamining
purposes.Thisoptional
exceptionorlimitationshould
onlyapplywhentheworkor
othersubject-matterisaccessed
lawfullybythebeneficiary,
includingwhenithasbeenmade

27. 26
reproductionsand
extractionsfortextanddata
mining,forexampleby
agreement,unilateral
declaration,including
throughtheuseofmachine
readablemetadataorbythe
useoftechnicalmeans.
Rightholdersshouldbeable
toapplymeasurestoensure
thattheirreservationsinthis
regardarerespected.This
optionalexceptionor
limitationshouldleaveintact
themandatoryexceptionfor
textanddataminingfor
researchpurposeslaiddown
inthisDirective.
availabletothepubliconline,
andinsofarastherightholders
havenotreservedtherightsto
makereproductionsand
extractionsfortextanddata
miningforexampleby
agreement,unilateraldeclaration,
includingthroughtheuseof
machinereadablemetadataorby
theuseoftechnicalmeans.in
anappropriatemanner.Inthe
caseofcontentthathasbeen
madepubliclyavailableonline,
itshouldonlybeconsidered
appropriatetoreservethe
rightsbytheuseofmachine
readablemeans,including
metadataandtermsand
conditionsofawebsiteora
service.Otherusesshallnotbe
affectedbythereservationof
rightsforthepurposesoftext
anddatamining.Inother
cases,itmaybeappropriateto
reservetherightsbyother
means,suchasthismaybe
expressedbycontractual
agreementsorunilateral
declaration,asappropriate.
Rightholdersshouldbeableto

28. 27
applymeasurestoensurethat
theirreservationsinthisregard
arerespected.This[optional]
exceptionorlimitationshould
leaveintactthemandatory
exceptionfortextanddata
miningforresearchpurposeslaid
downinthisDirective,aswellas
theexistingexceptionfor
temporaryactsofreproductionin
Article5(1)ofDirective
2001/29/EC.
29.(13a)Toencourageinnovation
alsointheprivatesector,
MemberStatesshouldbeableto
provideforanexceptiongoing
furtherthanthemandatory
exception,providedthattheuse
ofworksandothersubjectmatter
referredtothereinhasnotbeen
expresslyreservedbytheir
rightholdersincludingby
machinereadablemeans.
[deleted]
30.(14)Article5(3)(a)of
Directive2001/29/ECallows
MemberStatestointroducean
exceptionorlimitationtothe
rightsofreproduction,
communicationtothepublic
(14)Article5(3)(a)ofDirective
2001/29/ECallowsMember
Statestointroduceanexceptionor
limitationtotherightsof
reproduction,communicationto
thepublicandmakingavailable
(14)Article5(3)(a)of
Directive2001/29/ECallows
MemberStatestointroducean
exceptionorlimitationtothe
rightsofreproduction,
communicationtothepublic
(14)Article5(3)(a)of
Directive2001/29/ECallows
MemberStatestointroducean
exceptionorlimitationtothe
rightsofreproduction,
communicationtothepublicand

29. 28
andmakingavailabletothe
publicforthesolepurposeof,
amongothers,illustrationfor
teaching.Inaddition,Articles
6(2)(b)and9(b)ofDirective
96/9/ECpermittheuseofa
databaseandtheextractionor
re-utilizationofasubstantial
partofitscontentsforthe
purposeofillustrationfor
teaching.Thescopeofthose
exceptionsorlimitationsas
theyapplytodigitalusesis
unclear.Inaddition,thereisa
lackofclarityastowhether
thoseexceptionsorlimitations
wouldapplywhereteachingis
providedonlineandtherebyat
adistance.Moreover,the
existingframeworkdoesnot
provideforacross-border
effect.Thissituationmay
hamperthedevelopmentof
digitally-supportedteaching
activitiesanddistancelearning.
Therefore,theintroductionofa
newmandatoryexceptionor
limitationisnecessaryto
ensurethateducational
establishmentsbenefitfrom
fulllegalcertaintywhenusing
worksorothersubject-matter
tothepublicforthesolepurpose
of,amongothers,illustrationfor
teaching.Inaddition,Articles
6(2)(b)and9(b)ofDirective
96/9/ECpermittheuseofa
databaseandtheextractionorre-
utilizationofasubstantialpartof
itscontentsforthepurposeof
illustrationforteaching.The
scopeofthoseexceptionsor
limitationsastheyapplytodigital
usesisunclear.Inaddition,there
isalackofclarityastowhether
thoseexceptionsorlimitations
wouldapplywhereteachingis
providedonlineandtherebyata
distance.Moreover,theexisting
frameworkdoesnotprovidefora
cross-bordereffect.Thissituation
mayhamperthedevelopmentof
digitally-supportedteaching
activitiesanddistancelearning.
Therefore,theintroductionofa
newmandatoryexceptionor
limitationisnecessarytoensure
thateducationalestablishments
benefitfromfulllegalcertainty
whenusingworksorother
subject-matterindigitalteaching
activities,includingonlineand
acrossborders.
andmakingavailabletothe
publicofworksandother
subjectmatterinsuchaway
thatmembersofthepublic
mayaccessthemfroma
placeandatimeindividually
chosenbythem(‘making
availabletothepublic’),for
thesolepurposeof,among
others,illustrationforteaching.
Inaddition,Articles6(2)(b)
and9(b)ofDirective96/9/EC
permittheuseofadatabase
andtheextractionorre-
utilizationofasubstantialpart
ofitscontentsforthepurpose
ofillustrationforteaching.The
scopeofthoseexceptionsor
limitationsastheyapplyto
digitalusesisunclear.In
addition,thereisalackof
clarityastowhetherthose
exceptionsorlimitations
wouldapplywhereteachingis
providedonlineandtherebyat
adistance.Moreover,the
existinglegalframeworkdoes
notprovideforacross-border
effect.Thissituationmay
hamperthedevelopmentof
digitally-supportedteaching
activitiesanddistancelearning.
makingavailabletothepublicof
worksandothersubject
matterinsuchawaythat
membersofthepublicmay
accessthemfromaplaceanda
timeindividuallychosenby
them("makingavailabletothe
public"),forthesolepurposeof
illustrationforteaching.In
addition,Articles6(2)(b)and
9(b)ofDirective96/9/ECpermit
theuseofadatabaseandthe
extractionofasubstantialpart
ofitscontentsforthepurposeof
illustrationforteaching.The
scopeofthoseexceptionsor
limitationsastheyapplyto
digitalusesisunclear.In
addition,thereisalackofclarity
astowhetherthoseexceptionsor
limitationswouldapplywhere
teachingisprovidedonlineand
atadistance.Moreover,the
existinglegalframeworkdoes
notprovideforacross-border
effect.Thissituationmay
hamperthedevelopmentof
digitally-supportedteaching
activitiesanddistancelearning.
Therefore,theintroductionofa
newmandatoryexceptionor
limitationisnecessarytoensure

30. 29
indigitalteachingactivities,
includingonlineandacross
borders.
Therefore,theintroductionofa
newmandatoryexceptionor
limitationisnecessaryto
ensurethateducational
establishmentsbenefitfrom
fulllegalcertaintywhenusing
worksorothersubject-matter
indigitalteachingactivities,
includingonlineandacross
borders.
thateducationalestablishments
benefitfromfulllegalcertainty
whenusingworksorother
subject-matterindigitalteaching
activities,includingonlineand
acrossborders.
31.(15)Whiledistancelearning
andcross-bordereducation
programmesaremostly
developedathighereducation
level,digitaltoolsand
resourcesareincreasinglyused
atalleducationlevels,in
particulartoimproveand
enrichthelearningexperience.
Theexceptionorlimitation
providedforinthisDirective
shouldthereforebenefitall
educationalestablishmentsin
primary,secondary,vocational
andhighereducationtothe
extenttheypursuetheir
educationalactivityforanon-
commercialpurpose.The
organisationalstructureandthe
meansoffundingofan
educationalestablishmentare
(15)Whiledistancelearningand
cross-bordereducation
programmesaremostlydeveloped
athighereducationlevel,digital
toolsandresourcesare
increasinglyusedatalleducation
levels,inparticulartoimprove
andenrichthelearning
experience.Theexceptionor
limitationprovidedforinthis
Directiveshouldthereforebenefit
alleducationalestablishmentsin
primary,secondary,vocational
andhighereducationtotheextent
theypursuetheireducational
activityforanon-commercial
purpose.Theorganisational
structureandthemeansof
fundingofaneducational
establishmentarenotthedecisive
factorstodeterminethenon-
(15)Whiledistancelearning
andcross-bordereducation
programmesaremostly
developedathighereducation
level,digitaltoolsand
resourcesareincreasinglyused
atalleducationlevels,in
particulartoimproveand
enrichthelearningexperience.
Theexceptionorlimitation
providedforinthisDirective
shouldthereforebenefitall
educationalestablishments
inrecognisedbyaMember
State,includingprimary,
secondary,vocationaland
highereducation.Itshould
applyonlytotheextentthey
pursuetheireducational
activityforathattheusesare
justifiedbythenon-
(15)Whiledistancelearning
andcross-bordereducation
programmesaremostly
developedathighereducation
level,digitaltoolsandresources
areincreasinglyusedatall
educationlevels,inparticularto
improveandenrichthelearning
experience.Theexceptionor
limitationprovidedforinthis
Directiveshouldtherefore
benefitalleducational
establishmentsrecognisedbya
MemberState,includingin
primary,secondary,vocational
andhighereducation.Itshould
applyonlytotheextentthatthe
usesarejustifiedbythenon-
commercialpurposeofthe
particularteachingactivity.
Theorganisationalstructureand

31. 30
notthedecisivefactorsto
determinethenon-commercial
natureoftheactivity.
commercialnatureoftheactivity.
Whereculturalheritage
institutionspursuean
educationalobjectiveandare
involvedinteachingactivities,it
shouldbepossibleforMember
Statestoconsiderthose
institutionsasaneducational
establishmentunderthis
exceptioninsofarastheir
teachingactivitiesareconcerned.
commercialpurpose.ofthe
particularteachingactivity.
Theorganisationalstructure
andthemeansoffundingofan
educationalestablishment
areshouldnotbethedecisive
factorstodeterminethenon-
commercialnatureofthe
activity.
themeansoffundingofan
educationalestablishment
shouldnotbethedecisive
factorstodeterminethenon-
commercialnatureofthe
activity.
32.(16)Theexceptionor
limitationshouldcoverdigital
usesofworksandother
subject-mattersuchastheuse
ofpartsorextractsofworksto
support,enrichorcomplement
theteaching,includingthe
relatedlearningactivities.The
useoftheworksorother
subject-matterunderthe
exceptionorlimitationshould
beonlyinthecontextof
teachingandlearningactivities
carriedoutunderthe
responsibilityofeducational
establishments,including
duringexaminations,andbe
limitedtowhatisnecessaryfor
thepurposeofsuchactivities.
Theexceptionorlimitation
(16)Theexceptionorlimitation
shouldcoverdigitalusesofworks
andothersubject-mattersuchas
theuseofpartsorextractsof
workstosupport,enrichor
complementtheteaching,
includingtherelatedlearning
activities.Theexceptionor
limitationofuseshouldbe
grantedaslongastheworkor
othersubject-matterused
indicatesthesource,including
theauthors’name,unlessthat
turnsouttobeimpossiblefor
reasonsofpracticability.Theuse
oftheworksorothersubject-
matterundertheexceptionor
limitationshouldbeonlyinthe
contextofteachingandlearning
activitiescarriedoutunderthe
(16)Theexceptionor
limitationforthesolepurpose
ofillustrationforteaching
providedforinthisDirective
shouldcoverbeunderstoodas
coveringdigitalusesofworks
andothersubject-mattersuch
astheuseofpartsorextracts
ofworkstosupport,enrichor
complementtheteaching,
includingtherelatedlearning
activities.
[…]*
Inmostcases,theconceptof
illustrationwouldtherefore
implyusesofpartsor
extractsofworksonly,which
shouldnotsubstitutethe
purchaseofmaterials
GREEN
(16)Theexceptionor
limitationforthesolepurpose
ofillustrationforteaching
providedforinthisDirective
shouldcoverbeunderstoodas
coveringdigitalusesofworks
andothersubject-mattersuchas
theuseofpartsorextractsof
workstosupport,enrichor
complementtheteaching,
includingtherelatedlearning
activities.
[…]*
Inmostcases,theconceptof
illustrationwouldtherefore
implyusesofpartsorextracts
ofworksonly,whichshould
notsubstitutethepurchaseof

32. 31
shouldcoverbothusesthrough
digitalmeansintheclassroom
andonlineusesthroughthe
educationalestablishment's
secureelectronicnetwork,the
accesstowhichshouldbe
protected,notablyby
authenticationprocedures.The
exceptionorlimitationshould
beunderstoodascoveringthe
specificaccessibilityneedsof
personswithadisabilityinthe
contextofillustrationfor
teaching.
responsibilityofeducational
establishments,includingduring
examinations,andbelimitedto
whatisnecessaryforthepurpose
ofsuchactivities.Theexception
orlimitationshouldcoverboth
usesthroughdigitalmeansinthe
classroomwheretheteaching
activityisphysicallyprovided,
includingwhereittakesplace
outsidethepremisesofthe
educationalestablishment,for
exampleinlibrariesorcultural
heritageinstitutions,aslongas
theuseismadeunderthe
responsibilityoftheeducational
establishment,andonlineuses
throughtheeducational
establishment'ssecureelectronic
networkenvironment,theaccess
towhichshouldbeprotected,
notablybyauthentication
procedures.Theexceptionor
limitationshouldbeunderstoodas
coveringthespecificaccessibility
needsofpersonswithadisability
inthecontextofillustrationfor
teaching.
primarilyintendedfor
educationalmarkets.When
implementingtheexception
orlimitation,MemberStates
shouldremainfreetospecify,
forthedifferentcategoriesof
worksorothersubject-
matterandinabalanced
manner,theproportionofa
workorothersubject-matter
thatmaybeusedforthesole
purposeofillustrationfor
teaching.TheUsesallowed
undertheexceptionor
limitationshouldbe
understoodtocoverthe
specificaccessibilityneedsof
personswithadisabilityinthe
contextofillustrationfor
teaching.
*[Thesecondandthirdphrase
ofrecital(16)oftheCOM
proposalweremovedtonew
recital(16a)Council'stext-
seerow33]
materialsprimarilyintended
foreducationalmarkets.When
implementingtheexceptionor
limitation,MemberStates
shouldremainfreetospecify,
forthedifferentcategoriesof
worksorothersubject-matter
andinabalancedmanner,the
proportionofaworkorother
subject-matterthatmaybe
usedforthesolepurposeof
illustrationforteaching.The
Usesallowedunderthe
exceptionorlimitationshouldbe
understoodtocoverthespecific
accessibilityneedsofpersons
withadisabilityinthecontextof
illustrationforteaching.
*[Thesecondandthirdphraseof
recital(16)oftheCOMproposal
weremovedtonewrecital(16a)
Council'stext-seerow33]
33.
(16a)Theuseoftheworksor
othersubject-matterunderthe
exceptionorlimitationshould
beonlyinthecontextof
GREEN
(16a)Theuseoftheworksor
othersubject-matterunderthe

33. 32
teachingandlearningactivities
carriedoutunderthe
responsibilityofeducational
establishments,including
duringexaminationsor
teachingactivitiestaking
placeoutsidethepremisesof
educationalestablishments,
forexampleinamuseum,
libraryoranothercultural
heritageinstitution,andbe
limitedtowhatisnecessaryfor
thepurposeofsuchactivities.
Theexceptionorlimitation
shouldcoverbothusesthrough
digitalmeansofworksand
othersubjectmattermadein
theclassroomandonlineuses
orinothervenuesthrough
digitalmeans,forexample
electronicwhiteboardsor
digitaldeviceswhichmaybe
connectedtotheInternet,as
wellasusesmadeata
distancethroughthe
educationalestablishment's
secureelectronicnetworks,
suchasonlinecoursesor
accesstoteachingmaterial
complementingagiven
course.Secureelectronic
networksshouldbe
exceptionorlimitationshouldbe
onlyinthecontextofteaching
andlearningactivitiescarriedout
undertheresponsibilityof
educationalestablishments,
includingduringexaminations
orteachingactivitiestaking
placeoutsidethepremisesof
educationalestablishments,for
exampleinamuseum,library
oranotherculturalheritage
institution,andbelimitedto
whatisnecessaryforthepurpose
ofsuchactivities.Theexception
orlimitationshouldcoverboth
usesthroughdigitalmeansof
worksandothersubject
mattermadeintheclassroom
andonlineusesorinother
venuesthroughdigitalmeans,
forexampleelectronic
whiteboardsordigitaldevices
whichmaybeconnectedtothe
Internet,aswellasusesmade
atadistancethroughthe
educationalestablishment's
secureelectronicnetworks
environments,suchasonline
coursesoraccesstoteaching
materialcomplementinga
givencourse.Secureelectronic
networksenvironmentsshould

34. 33
understoodasdigital
teachingandlearning
environmentstheaccessto
whichshouldbeprotectedis
limitedtotheeducational
establishment'steachingstaff
andtothepupilsorstudents
enrolledinastudy
programme,notablythrough
appropriateauthentication
procedures,including
passwordbased
authentication.
[Phrasesofnewrecital(16a)
weretakenfromrecital(16)
(secondandthirdphrase)of
theCOMproposal–seerow
32]
beunderstoodasdigital
teachingandlearning
environmentstheaccessto
whichshouldbeprotectedis
limitedtotheeducational
establishment'steachingstaff
andtothepupilsorstudents
enrolledinastudy
programme,notablythrough
appropriateauthentication
procedures,includingpassword
basedauthentication.
34.(16a)Asecureelectronic
environmentshouldbe
understoodasadigitalteaching
andlearningenvironment,
accesstowhichislimited
throughanappropriate
authenticationproceduretothe
educationalestablishment’s
teachingstaffandtothepupils
orstudentsenrolledinastudy
programme.
[Deletion]

35. 34
35.(17)Differentarrangements,
basedontheimplementationof
theexceptionprovidedforin
Directive2001/29/ECoron
licensingagreementscovering
furtheruses,areinplaceina
numberofMemberStatesin
ordertofacilitateeducational
usesofworksandother
subject-matter.Such
arrangementshaveusually
beendevelopedtakingaccount
oftheneedsofeducational
establishmentsanddifferent
levelsofeducation.Whereasit
isessentialtoharmonisethe
scopeofthenewmandatory
exceptionorlimitationin
relationtodigitalusesand
cross-borderteaching
activities,themodalitiesof
implementationmaydiffer
fromaMemberStateto
another,totheextenttheydo
nothampertheeffective
applicationoftheexceptionor
limitationorcross-borderuses.
ThisshouldallowMember
Statestobuildontheexisting
arrangementsconcludedat
nationallevel.Inparticular,
MemberStatescoulddecideto
(17)Differentarrangements,
basedontheimplementationof
theexceptionprovidedforin
Directive2001/29/ECoron
licensingagreementscovering
furtheruses,areinplaceina
numberofMemberStatesinorder
tofacilitateeducationalusesof
worksandothersubject-matter.
Sucharrangementshaveusually
beendevelopedtakingaccountof
theneedsofeducational
establishmentsanddifferentlevels
ofeducation.Whereasitis
essentialtoharmonisethescope
ofthenewmandatoryexception
orlimitationinrelationtodigital
usesandcross-borderteaching
activities,themodalitiesof
implementationmaydifferfroma
MemberStatetoanother,tothe
extenttheydonothamperthe
effectiveapplicationofthe
exceptionorlimitationorcross-
borderuses.Thisshouldallow
MemberStatestobuildonthe
existingarrangementsconcluded
atnationallevel.Inparticular,
MemberStatescoulddecideto
subjecttheapplicationofthe
exceptionorlimitation,fullyor
partially,totheavailabilityof
(17)Differentarrangements,
basedontheimplementationof
theexceptionprovidedforin
Directive2001/29/ECoron
licensingagreementscovering
furtheruses,areinplaceina
numberofMemberStatesin
ordertofacilitateeducational
usesofworksandother
subject-matter.Such
arrangementshaveusually
beendevelopedtakingaccount
oftheneedsofeducational
establishmentsanddifferent
levelsofeducation.Whereasit
isessentialtoharmonisethe
scopeofthenewmandatory
exceptionorlimitationin
relationtodigitalusesand
cross-borderteaching
activities,themodalitiesof
implementationmaydiffer
fromaMemberStateto
another,totheextenttheydo
nothampertheeffective
applicationoftheexceptionor
limitationorcross-borderuses.
MemberStatesshouldfor
exampleremainfreeto
requirethattheuseofworks
andothersubjectmatter
shouldrespectmoralrights
GREEN
(17)Differentarrangements,
basedontheimplementationof
theexceptionprovidedforin
Directive2001/29/ECoron
licensingagreementscovering
furtheruses,areinplaceina
numberofMemberStatesin
ordertofacilitateeducational
usesofworksandothersubject-
matter.Sucharrangementshave
usuallybeendevelopedtaking
accountoftheneedsof
educationalestablishmentsand
differentlevelsofeducation.
Whereasitisessentialto
harmonisethescopeofthenew
mandatoryexceptionor
limitationinrelationtodigital
usesandcross-borderteaching
activities,themodalitiesof
implementationmaydifferfrom
aMemberStatetoanother,tothe
extenttheydonothamperthe
effectiveapplicationofthe
exceptionorlimitationorcross-
borderuses.MemberStates
shouldforexampleremainfree
torequirethattheuseofworks
andothersubjectmatter
shouldrespectmoralrightsof

36. 35
subjecttheapplicationofthe
exceptionorlimitation,fullyor
partially,totheavailabilityof
adequatelicences,coveringat
leastthesameusesasthose
allowedundertheexception.
Thismechanismwould,for
example,allowgiving
precedencetolicencesfor
materialswhichareprimarily
intendedfortheeducational
market.Inordertoavoidthat
suchmechanismresultsin
legaluncertaintyor
administrativeburdenfor
educationalestablishments,
MemberStatesadoptingthis
approachshouldtakeconcrete
measurestoensurethat
licensingschemesallowing
digitalusesofworksorother
subject-matterforthepurpose
ofillustrationforteachingare
easilyavailableandthat
educationalestablishmentsare
awareoftheexistenceofsuch
licensingschemes.
adequatelicences,covering.Such
licencescantaketheformof
collectivelicensingagreements,
extendedcollectivelicensing
agreementsandlicencesthatare
negotiatedcollectivelysuchas
“blanketlicences”,inorderto
avoideducationalestablishments
havingtonegotiateindividually
withrightholders.Suchlicenses
shouldbeaffordableandcoverat
leastthesameusesasthose
allowedundertheexception.This
mechanismwould,forexample,
allowgivingprecedenceto
licencesformaterialswhichare
primarilyintendedforthe
educationalmarket,orfor
teachingineducational
establishmentsorsheetmusic.In
ordertoavoidthatsuch
mechanismresultsinlegal
uncertaintyoradministrative
burdenforeducational
establishments,MemberStates
adoptingthisapproachshould
takeconcretemeasurestoensure
thatsuchlicensingschemes
allowingdigitalusesofworksor
othersubject-matterforthe
purposeofillustrationfor
teachingareeasilyavailableand
ofauthorsandperformers.
ThisshouldallowMember
Statestobuildontheexisting
arrangementsconcludedat
nationallevel.Inparticular,
MemberStatescoulddecideto
subjecttheapplicationofthe
exceptionorlimitation,fullyor
partially,totheavailabilityof
adequatelicences,coveringat
leastthesameusesasthose
allowedundertheexception.
ThisMemberStatescould
notablyusethismechanism
would,forexample,allow
givingtogiveprecedenceto
licencesformaterialswhich
areprimarilyintendedforthe
educationalmarketorfor
sheetmusic.Inordertoavoid
thatsuchmechanismresultsin
legaluncertaintyor
administrativeburdenfor
educationalestablishments,
MemberStatesadoptingthis
approachshouldtakeconcrete
measurestoensurethat
rightholdersmakethe
licensingschemesallowing
digitalusesofworksorother
subject-matterforthepurpose
ofillustrationforteachingare
authorsandperformers.This
shouldallowMemberStatesto
buildontheexisting
arrangementsconcludedat
nationallevel.Inparticular,
MemberStatescoulddecideto
subjecttheapplicationofthe
exceptionorlimitation,fullyor
partially,totheavailabilityof
adequatelicencescoveringat
leastthesameusesasthose
allowedundertheexception.
MemberStatesshouldensure
thatwherelicensescoveronly
partiallytheusesallowed
undertheexception,allthe
otherusesremainsubjectto
theexception.MemberStates
couldforexampleusethis
mechanismtogiveprecedence
tolicencesformaterialswhich
areprimarilyintendedforthe
educationalmarketorforsheet
music.
Inordertoavoidthatthe
possibilitytosubjectthe
applicationoftheexceptionto
theavailabilityoflicences
resultsinlegaluncertaintyor
administrativeburdenfor
educationalestablishments,
MemberStatesadoptingthis

37. 36
thateducationalestablishments
areawareoftheexistenceofsuch
licensingschemes.Member
Statesshouldbeabletoprovide
forsystemstoensurethatthereis
faircompensationfor
rightholdersforusesunderthose
exceptionsorlimitations.
MemberStatesshouldbe
encouragedtousesystemsthat
donotcreateanadministrative
burden,suchassystemsthat
provideforone-offpayments.
[SeeCouncil’srecital(17a)-row
36]
easilyavailableandthat
educationalestablishmentsare
awareoftheexistenceofsuch
licensingschemes.Such
measuresmayincludethe
developmentoflicensing
schemestailoredtotheneeds
ofeducationalestablishments
andthedevelopmentof
informationtoolsaimedat
ensuringthevisibilityofthe
existinglicensingschemes.
approachshouldtakeconcrete
measurestoensurethatright
holdersmakethelicensing
schemesallowingdigitalusesof
worksorothersubject-matterfor
thepurposeofillustrationfor
teachingareeasilyavailableand
thateducationalestablishments
areawareoftheexistenceof
suchlicensingschemes.Such
licensingschemesmeasures
mayincludethedevelopment
oflicensingschemestailoredto
shouldmeettheneedsof
educationalestablishments.
andthedevelopmentof
Informationtoolsaimingat
ensuringthevisibilityofthe
existinglicensingschemes
couldalsobedeveloped.
Suchschemescould,for
example,bebasedoncollective
licensingoronextended
collectivelicensinginorderto
avoideducational
establishmentshavingto
negotiateindividuallywith
rightholders.Inorderto
guaranteelegalcertainty,
MemberStatesshouldspecify
underwhichconditionsan
educationalestablishmentmay

38. 37
useprotectedworksorother
subject-matterunderthat
exceptionand,conversely,
whenitshouldactundera
licensingscheme.
36.(17a)MemberStatesshould
remainfreetoprovidethat
rightholdersreceivefair
compensationforthedigital
usesoftheirworksorother
subject-matterunderthe
exceptionorlimitationfor
illustrationforteaching
providedforinthis
Directive.Forthepurposes
ofdeterminingthepossible
leveloffaircompensation,
dueaccountshouldbetaken,
interalia,ofMemberStates'
educationalobjectivesandof
theharmtorightholders.
GREEN
(17a)MemberStatesshould
remainfreetoprovidethat
rightholdersreceivefair
compensationforthedigitaluses
oftheirworksorothersubject-
matterundertheexceptionor
limitationforillustrationfor
teachingprovidedforinthis
Directive.Forthepurposesof
determiningthepossiblelevelof
faircompensation,dueaccount
shouldbetaken,interalia,of
MemberStates'educational
objectivesandoftheharmto
rightholders.MemberStates
decidingtoprovideforfair
compensationshouldencourage
theuseofsystems,whichdonot
createadministrativeburdenfor
educationalestablishments.
37.(17a)Inordertoguarantee
legalcertaintywhenaMember
[movedunderrecital17(row
35)]

39. 38
Statedecidestosubjectthe
applicationoftheexceptionto
theavailabilityofadequate
licences,itisnecessarytospecify
underwhichconditionsan
educationalestablishmentmay
useprotectedworksorother
subject-matterunderthat
exceptionand,conversely,when
itshouldactunderalicensing
scheme.
38.(18)Anactofpreservation
mayrequireareproductionofa
workorothersubject-matterin
thecollectionofacultural
heritageinstitutionand
consequentlytheauthorisation
oftherelevantrightholders.
Culturalheritageinstitutions
areengagedinthepreservation
oftheircollectionsforfuture
generations.Digital
technologiesoffernewwaysto
preservetheheritagecontained
inthosecollectionsbutthey
alsocreatenewchallenges.In
viewofthesenewchallenges,
itisnecessarytoadaptthe
currentlegalframeworkby
providingamandatory
exceptiontotherightof
(18)Anactofpreservationofa
workorothersubject-matterin
thecollectionofacultural
heritageinstitutionmayrequirea
reproductionofaworkorother
subject-matterinthecollectionof
aculturalheritageinstitutionand
consequentlyrequirethe
authorisationoftherelevant
rightholders.Culturalheritage
institutionsareengagedinthe
preservationoftheircollections
forfuturegenerations.Digital
technologiesoffernewwaysto
preservetheheritagecontainedin
thosecollectionsbuttheyalso
createnewchallenges.Inviewof
thesenewchallenges,itis
necessarytoadaptthecurrent
legalframeworkbyprovidinga
(18)Anactofpreservation
mayrequireareproductionof
aworkorothersubject-matter
inthecollectionofacultural
heritageinstitutionmay
requireareproductionand
consequentlytheauthorisation
oftherelevantrightholders.
Culturalheritageinstitutions
areengagedinthepreservation
oftheircollectionsforfuture
generations.Digital
technologiesoffernewwaysto
preservetheheritagecontained
inthosecollectionsbutthey
alsocreatenewchallenges.In
viewofthesenewchallenges,
itisnecessarytoadaptthe
currentlegalframeworkby
providingamandatory
[theorderoffirstandsecond
sentencewasinverted]
(18)Culturalheritage
institutionsareengagedinthe
preservationoftheircollections
forfuturegenerations.Anactof
preservationofaworkorother
subject-matterinthecollection
ofaculturalheritageinstitution
mayrequireareproductionofa
workorothersubject-matterin
thecollectionofacultural
heritageinstitutionand
consequentlyrequirethe
authorisationoftherelevant
rightholders.Culturalheritage
institutionsareengagedinthe
preservationoftheircollections
forfuturegenerations.Digital
technologiesoffernewwaysto

40. 39
reproductioninordertoallow
thoseactsofpreservation.
mandatoryexceptiontotheright
ofreproductioninordertoallow
thoseactsofpreservationbysuch
institutions.
exceptiontotherightof
reproductioninordertoallow
thoseactsofpreservation.
preservetheheritagecontained
inthosecollectionsbuttheyalso
createnewchallenges.Inviewof
thesenewchallenges,itis
necessarytoadaptthecurrent
legalframeworkbyprovidinga
mandatoryexceptiontotheright
ofreproductioninordertoallow
thoseactsofpreservationby
suchinstitutions.
39.(19)Differentapproachesin
theMemberStatesforactsof
preservationbycultural
heritageinstitutionshamper
cross-bordercooperationand
thesharingofmeansof
preservationbycultural
heritageinstitutionsinthe
internalmarket,leadingtoan
inefficientuseofresources.
(19)Differentapproachesinthe
MemberStatesforactsof
reproductionforpreservationby
culturalheritageinstitutions
hampercross-bordercooperation,
andthesharingofmeansof
preservationbyculturalheritage
institutionsintheinternalmarket,
andtheestablishmentofcross-
borderpreservationnetworksin
theinternalmarketorganisations
thatareengagedinpreservation,
leadingtoaninefficientuseof
resources.Thiscanhavea
negativeimpactonthe
preservationofculturalheritage.
(19)Differentapproachesin
theMemberStatesforactsof
preservationbycultural
heritageinstitutionshamper
cross-bordercooperationand
thesharingofmeansof
preservationbycultural
heritagesuchinstitutionsinthe
internalmarket,leadingtoan
inefficientuseofresources.
(19)Differentapproachesinthe
MemberStatesforactsof
reproductionforpreservationby
culturalheritageinstitutions
hampercross-border
cooperation,andthesharingof
meansofpreservationby
culturalheritageinstitutionsin
theinternalmarket,andthe
establishmentofcross-border
preservationnetworksinthe
internalmarketbysuch
institutionsleadingtoan
inefficientuseofresources.This
canhaveanegativeimpacton
thepreservationofcultural
heritage.
40.(20)MemberStatesshould
thereforeberequiredto
provideforanexceptionto
(20)MemberStatesshould
thereforeberequiredtoprovide
foranexceptiontopermitcultural
(20)MemberStatesshould
thereforeberequiredto
provideforanexceptionto
(20)MemberStatesshould
thereforeberequiredtoprovide
foranexceptiontopermit

41. 40
permitculturalheritage
institutionstoreproduceworks
andothersubject-matter
permanentlyintheir
collectionsforpreservation
purposes,forexampleto
addresstechnological
obsolescenceorthe
degradationoforiginal
supports.Suchanexception
shouldallowforthemakingof
copiesbytheappropriate
preservationtool,meansor
technology,intherequired
numberandatanypointinthe
lifeofaworkorothersubject-
mattertotheextentrequiredin
ordertoproduceacopyfor
preservationpurposesonly.
heritageinstitutionstoreproduce
worksandothersubject-matter
permanentlyintheircollections
forpreservationpurposes,for
exampletoaddresstechnological
obsolescenceorthedegradation
oforiginalsupportsortoinsure
works.Suchanexceptionshould
allowforthemakingofcopiesby
theappropriatepreservationtool,
meansortechnology,inany
formatormedium,intherequired
number,atanypointinthelifeof
aworkorothersubject-matter
andtotheextentrequiredinorder
toproduceacopyforpreservation
purposesonly.Thearchivesof
researchorganisationsorpublic-
servicebroadcasting
organisationsshouldbe
consideredculturalheritage
institutionsandtherefore
beneficiariesofthisexception.
MemberStatesshould,forthe
purposeofthisexception,beable
tomaintainprovisionstotreat
publiclyaccessiblegalleriesas
museums.
permitculturalheritage
institutionstoreproduceworks
andothersubject-matter
permanentlyintheir
collectionsforpreservation
purposes,forexampleto
addresstechnological
obsolescenceorthe
degradationoforiginal
supports.Suchanexception
shouldallowforthemakingof
copiesbytheappropriate
preservationtool,meansor
technology,intherequired
numberandatanypointinthe
lifeofaworkorothersubject-
mattertotheextentrequiredin
ordertoproduceacopyfor
preservationpurposesonly.
Actsofreproduction
undertakenbycultural
heritageinstitutionsfor
purposesotherthanthe
preservationofworksand
othersubject-matterintheir
permanentcollectionsshould
remainsubjecttothe
authorisationofrightholders,
unlesspermittedbyother
exceptionsorlimitations
providedforbyUnionlaw.
culturalheritageinstitutionsto
reproduceworksandother
subject-matterpermanentlyin
theircollectionsforpreservation
purposes,forexampletoaddress
technologicalobsolescenceor
thedegradationoforiginal
supportsortoinsureworksand
othersubject-matter.Suchan
exceptionshouldallowforthe
makingofcopiesbythe
appropriatepreservationtool,
meansortechnology,inany
formatormedium,inthe
requirednumberandatanypoint
inthelifeofaworkorother
subject-matterandtotheextent
requiredinordertoproducea
copyforpreservationpurposes
only.Actsofreproduction
undertakenbycultural
heritageinstitutionsfor
purposesotherthanthe
preservationofworksand
othersubject-matterintheir
permanentcollectionsshould
remainsubjecttothe
authorisationofrightholders,
unlesspermittedbyother
exceptionsorlimitations
providedforbyUnionlaw.

42. 41
41.(20a)Culturalheritage
institutionsdonot
necessarilyhavethetechnical
meansorexpertiseto
undertaketheactsrequired
topreservetheircollections
themselves,particularlyin
thedigitalenvironment,and
maythereforehaverecourse
totheassistanceofother
culturalinstitutionsand
otherthirdpartiesforthat
purpose.Underthis
exception,culturalheritage
institutionsshouldtherefore
beallowedtorelyonthird
partiesactingontheirbehalf
andundertheir
responsibility,including
thosethatarebasedinother
MemberStates,forthe
makingofcopies.
(20a)Culturalheritage
institutionsdonotnecessarily
havethetechnicalmeansor
expertisetoundertaketheacts
requiredtopreservetheir
collectionsthemselves,
particularlyinthedigital
environment,andmay
thereforehaverecoursetothe
assistanceofothercultural
institutionsandotherthird
partiesforthatpurpose.Under
thisexception,cultural
heritageinstitutionsshould
thereforebeallowedtorelyon
thirdpartiesactingontheir
behalfandundertheir
responsibility,includingthose
thatarebasedinother
MemberStates,forthemaking
ofcopies.
42.(21)Forthepurposesofthis
Directive,worksandother
subject-mattershouldbe
consideredtobepermanently
inthecollectionofacultural
heritageinstitutionwhen
copiesareownedor
(21)Forthepurposesofthis
Directive,worksandother
subject-mattershouldbe
consideredtobepermanentlyin
thecollectionofacultural
heritageinstitutionwhencopiesof
suchworksorothersubject
(21)Forthepurposesofthis
Directive,worksandother
subject-mattershouldbe
consideredtobepermanently
inthecollectionofacultural
heritageinstitutionwhen
copiesareownedor
(21)Forthepurposesofthis
Directive,worksandother
subject-mattershouldbe
consideredtobepermanentlyin
thecollectionofacultural
heritageinstitutionwhencopies
ofsuchworksorothersubject-
matterareownedor

43. 42
permanentlyheldbythe
culturalheritageinstitution,for
exampleasaresultofa
transferofownershipor
licenceagreements.
matterareownedorpermanently
heldbytheculturalheritage
institution,thoseorganisations,
forexampleasaresultofa
transferofownershipor,licence
agreements,alegaldepositora
long-termloan.Worksorother
subjectmatterthatcultural
heritageinstitutionsaccess
temporarilyviaathird-party
serverarenotconsideredas
beingpermanentlyintheir
collections.
permanentlyheldbythe
culturalheritage
institutionsuchinstitutions,
forexampleasaresultofa
transferofownershipor
licenceagreementsor
permanentcustody
arrangements.
permanentlyheldbysuch
institutions,forexampleasa
resultofatransferofownership
orlicenceagreements,legal
depositobligationsor
permanentcustody
arrangements.
43.(21a)Technological
developmentshavegivenriseto
informationsocietyservices
enablingtheiruserstoupload
contentandmakeitavailablein
diverseformsandforvarious
purposes,includingtoillustrate
anidea,criticism,parodyor
pastiche.Suchcontentmay
includeshortextractsofpre-
existingprotectedworksorother
subject-matterthatsuchusers
mighthavealtered,combinedor
otherwisetransformed.
[deletedandreplacedwith
recital39a,row87,relatingto
Article13(5),row237A]
44.(21b)Despitesomeoverlapwith
existingexceptionsorlimitations,
suchastheonesforquotation
[deletedandreplacedwith
recital39a,row87,relatingto
Article13(5),row237A]

44. 43
andparody,notallcontentthat
isuploadedormadeavailableby
auserthatreasonablyincludes
extractsofprotectedworksor
othersubject-matteriscoveredby
Article5ofDirective
2001/29/EC.Asituationofthis
typecreateslegaluncertaintyfor
bothusersandrightholders.Itis
thereforenecessarytoprovidea
newspecificexceptiontopermit
thelegitimateusesofextractsof
pre-existingprotectedworksor
othersubject-matterincontent
thatisuploadedormade
availablebyusers.Wherecontent
generatedormadeavailablebya
userinvolvestheshortand
proportionateuseofaquotation
orofanextractofaprotected
workorothersubject-matterfor
alegitimatepurpose,suchuse
shouldbeprotectedbythe
exceptionprovidedforinthis
Directive.Thisexceptionshould
onlybeappliedincertainspecial
caseswhichdonotconflictwith
normalexploitationofthework
orothersubject-matter
concernedanddonot
unreasonablyprejudicethe
legitimateinterestsofthe

45. 44
rightholder.Forthepurposeof
assessingsuchprejudice,itis
essentialthatthedegreeof
originalityofthecontent
concerned,thelength/extentof
thequotationorextractused,the
professionalnatureofthe
contentconcernedorthedegree
ofeconomicharmbeexamined,
whererelevant,whilenot
precludingthelegitimate
enjoymentoftheexception.This
exceptionshouldbewithout
prejudicetothemoralrightsof
theauthorsoftheworkorother
subject-matter.
45.(21c)Informationsocietyservice
providersthatfallwithinthe
scopeofArticle13ofthis
Directiveshouldnotbeableto
invokefortheirbenefitthe
exceptionfortheuseofextracts
frompre-existingworksprovided
forinthisDirective,fortheuse
ofquotationsorextractsfrom
protectedworksorothersubject-
matterincontentthatis
uploadedormadeavailableby
usersonthoseinformation
societyservices,toreducethe
scopeoftheirobligationsunder
[deletedandreplacedwith
recital39a,row87,relatingto
Article13(5),row237A]

46. 45
Article13ofthisDirective.
45a.Theexpiryofthetermof
protectionofaworkentailsthe
entryofthatworkinthepublic
domainandtheexpiryofthe
rightsthatUnioncopyrightlaw
providestothatwork.Inthe
fieldofvisualarts,the
circulationoffaithful
reproductionsofworksinthe
publicdomaincontributestothe
accesstoandpromotionof
culture(oraccesstocultural
heritage).Inthedigital
environment,theprotectionof
thesereproductionsthrough
copyrightorrelatedrightsis
inconsistentwiththeexpiryof
thecopyrightprotectionof
works.Inaddition,differences
betweenthenationalcopyright
lawsgoverningtheprotectionof
thesereproductionsgiveriseto
legaluncertaintyandaffectthe
cross-borderdisseminationof
worksofvisualartsinthepublic
domain.Therefore,itshouldbe
clarifiedthatcertain
reproductionsofworksofvisual
artsinthepublicdomainshould
notbeprotectedbycopyrightor

47. 46
relatedrights.Thisshouldnot
preventculturalheritage
institutionsfromselling
reproductions,suchaspostcards.
[textmoved(unchanged)tonew
row66a]
46.(22)Culturalheritage
institutionsshouldbenefitfrom
aclearframeworkforthe
digitisationanddissemination,
includingacrossborders,of
out-of-commerceworksor
othersubject-matter.However,
theparticularcharacteristicsof
thecollectionsofout-of-
commerceworksmeanthat
obtainingthepriorconsentof
theindividualrightholdersmay
beverydifficult.Thiscanbe
due,forexample,totheageof
theworksorothersubject-
matter,theirlimited
commercialvalueorthefact
thattheywereneverintended
forcommercialuse.Itis
thereforenecessarytoprovide
formeasurestofacilitatethe
licensingofrightsinout-of-
commerceworksthatareinthe
(22)Culturalheritageinstitutions
shouldbenefitfromaclear
frameworkforthedigitisationand
dissemination,includingacross
borders,ofout-of-commerce
worksorothersubject-matter.
However,theparticular
characteristicsofthecollections
ofout-of-commerceworksmean
thatobtainingthepriorconsentof
theindividualrightholdersmaybe
verydifficult.Thiscanbedue,for
example,totheageoftheworks
orothersubject-matter,their
limitedcommercialvalueorthe
factthattheywereneverintended
forcommercialuseorhavenever
beenincommerce.Itistherefore
necessarytoprovideformeasures
tofacilitatethelicensingofrights
inuseofout-of-commerceworks
thatareinthecollectionsof
culturalheritageinstitutionsand
(22)Culturalheritage
institutionsshouldbenefitfrom
aclearframeworkforthe
digitisationanddissemination,
includingacrossborders,of
out-of-commerceworksor
othersubject-matter.thatare
consideredoutofcommerce
forthepurposesofthis
Directive.However,the
particularcharacteristicsofthe
collectionsofout-of-commerce
works,togetherwiththe
amountofworksinvolvedin
massdigitisationprojects,
meanthatobtainingtheprior
consentoftheindividual
rightholdersmaybevery
difficult.Thiscanbedue,for
example,totheageofthe
worksorothersubject-matter,
theirlimitedcommercialvalue
orthefactthattheywerenever
(22)Culturalheritage
institutionsshouldbenefitfroma
clearframeworkforthe
digitisationanddissemination,
includingacrossborders,of
worksorothersubject-matter
thatareconsideredoutof
commerceforthepurposesof
thisDirective.However,the
particularcharacteristicsofthe
collectionsofout-of-commerce
works,togetherwiththeamount
ofworksandothersubject-
matterinvolvedinmass
digitisationprojects,meanthat
obtainingthepriorconsentofthe
individualrightholdersmaybe
verydifficult.Thiscanbedue,
forexample,totheageofthe
worksorothersubject-matter,
theirlimitedcommercialvalueor
thefactthattheywerenever
intendedforcommercialuseor

48. 47
collectionsofculturalheritage
institutionsandtherebyto
allowtheconclusionof
agreementswithcross-border
effectintheinternalmarket.
therebytoallowtheconclusionof
agreementswithcross-border
effectintheinternalmarket.
intendedforcommercialuse.It
isthereforenecessaryto
provideformeasuresto
facilitatethecollective
licensingofrightsinout-of-
commerceworksthatare
permanentlyinthecollections
ofculturalheritageinstitutions
andtherebytoallowthe
conclusionofagreementswith
cross-bordereffectinthe
internalmarket.
thattheyhaveneverbeen
exploitedcommercially.Itis
thereforenecessarytoprovide
formeasurestofacilitatecertain
usesofthecollectivelicensing
ofrightsinout-of-commerce
worksandothersubject-matter
thatarepermanentlyinthe
collectionsofculturalheritage
institutions.,andtherebyto
allowtheconclusionof
agreementswithcross-border
effectintheinternalmarket.
47.(22a)SeveralMemberStates
havealreadyadoptedextended
collectivelicencingregimes,legal
mandatesorlegalpresumptions
facilitatingthelicencingofout-
of-commerceworks.However
consideringthevarietyofworks
andothersubject-matterinthe
collectionsofculturalheritage
institutionsandthevariance
betweencollectivemanagement
practicesacrossMemberStates
andsectorsofcultural
production,suchmeasuresmay
notprovideasolutioninall
cases,forexample,becausethere
isnopracticeofcollective
managementforacertaintypeof
(22a)Legalmechanismsshould
thereforeexistinallMember
Statesallowingforlicences
issuedbyrelevantand
sufficientlyrepresentative
collectivemanagement
organisationstocultural
heritageinstitutions,for
certainusesofout-of-
commerceworksandother
subjectmatter,toalsoapplyto
therightsofrightholdersthat
havenotmandateda
representativecollective
managementorganisationin
thatregard.Itshouldbe
legallypossibleforthose
licencestocoverallterritories