This document summarizes a presentation on networking and CCNA. It discusses key networking concepts like network types, topologies, IP addressing, routing protocols, and practical networking examples like VOIP, ACLs, NAT, VLANs and VPNs. It also summarizes a sample student project on designing the network for an airport, covering the network components, topology, protocols and access control used to connect different airport departments and zones.

1. A Presentation on networking
and CCNA
Prepared by
Vivek kumar
Ravi Ranjan Kumar

2. Network
• A network is a system that transmits any
combination of voice, video and data between
users.

3. Network Types
• Usually networks are categorised on the basis
of their area of operation.

4. Network Topologies and devices

5. Reference models

6. IP addressing
• If a device wants to communicate using TCP/IP.
It needs an IP address.
• IP addressing was designed to allow the host of
one network to communicate with a host on
other network.
• IP addresses are further divided into to parts i.e.
- network ID
- Host ID
• Based on these two parts you can extract the
information about the class of an IP address.

7. • Different class of IP’s are used for different
purpose.

8. Routing and Routing protocols
• Routing is a process of selecting a path inside a network,
along which to send network traffic.
• Routing is performed for many type of networks including
telephone network(circuit switching), electronic data
network(such as internet) and transportation network.
• The network device which is responsible for routing
process is Router.
• To route a router needs to do following things
-know the destination address.
-Discover the possible routes.
-Select the best route.
-Maintain and verify the routing information.

9. • ROUTING PROTOCOLS are the software that allow
routes to dynamically advertise and learn routes,
determine which routes are available and which are
the most efficient routes to a destination.
• Usually two types of protocols are used in
internetworks:
• Interior Gateway Protocols(IGP): these are used to
exchange information in the same autonomous
system(AS). Some IGPs are
-Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
-Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
- Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
• Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP): These are used to
communicate between Autonomous systems(AS) e.g
BGP.

10. Difference between IGP and EGP

11. Some useful networking concepts
• VOIP (Voice Over Internet Protocol): This protocol is used
to establish a connection of a IP phone with a network.
• ACL (Access Control List): This networking concept is very
useful for security purpose, as this is used to keep a check
on the unwanted hosts who wants to get access of your
network or system.
• NAT(Network Address Translator): the intention behind
using NAT is to decrease the overwhelming amount of
public IP address required in your networking
environment, by allowing duplicate IP addresses in your
network and whenever they try to access the outside
network they just translate the duplicate IP into a valid IP.

12. • VLAN (Virtual LAN): It is a networking concept
which is used to divide a LAN virtually into
different separate LAN.
• VPN (Virtual Private Network): This networking
technique is very important for security purpose,
as it uses “tunnelling” in order to hide the
intermediate routes between host and
destination system, so that no one can trace the
actual route of data transfer.
• Wifi: it is a classical example of wireless
networking. With this technology one can easily
form a network without getting physically
connected.

13. Project work
• Introduction of the project
• Components used in the project
• Networking techniques used in the project
• Working description of the project
• Actual topological view of the project
• Conclusion and future prospects of the project

14. Introduction of Project
• Name : “Network design proposal for an airport”.
In this project we have tried to draw a schematic
Working model of an airport. The main motive
Behind taking this project was to understand the
Networking of an enterprise or any such
Organisation.
• Working on this project gave us the opportunity to explore
the basic things that should be kept in mind while designing
network for any organisation, which includes stuffs like,
identifying the requirements of different areas within a single
organisation, designing the best topological structure for the
organisation, applying the access control methods to limit
the access to important parts of the organisation etc.

15. Components used in the project
• As it is a project purely based on networking so
we have used all the basic components related to
it. which includes
-Routers
-Switches
-connecting cables
-IP phones
-Servers
-End devices (laptops and computers)
-wifi

16. Networking techniques used
• As this project is some sort of enterprise network so
we have tried to apply most of the things that we
have learnt during our training period. some of
them of them are mentioned below
-Topology design
-IP addressing
-Routing protocols(OSPF, EIGRP)
-VOIP
-ACL
-Redistribution
-Telnet

17. General working
• In order to describe the general working of the project first
of all we are going to explain the topology of the network.
• Here the topology consists of three sections
- Entry zone
-Sterile lounge
-Airport logistics zone
• The entry zone has six departments : Enquiry, Parking,
Security, Immigration, Reservation, Airport representative.
• Each of these departments have their own LAN network
which are connected with server.
• All the departments at the entry level are directly in
connection with IT department of the flight logistics zone.
• We can say that IT department works as the intermediate
zone between different department.

18. • At entry zone each department can communicate with one
another with IP phones only. No communication through
PCs are possible.
• The Sterile lounge zone is like a waiting room where
Passengers wait after passing through the security and
other checkups at the entry zone.
• In this zone wifi facility is available and one can access
internet and other related facilities.
• The flight logistics zone is lie the administrative zone of any
organisation. In this zone only authorised officials are
allowed to enter.
• There are five different departments in this zone, IT
department, Security head office, Immigration dept. head
office ,ATC and Airport management office.
• Among these ATC and Airport management dept. are of
given the highest priority as the deal with the work related
to flights so access to these can be made only via IT
department.

19. • Rest of the department of this zone will deal with
there respective sub sections at the entry zone.
Protocols and techniques used
• At the entry zone we have used OSPF protocol for
routing and the concept of VOIP and ACL has also
been used to connect the IP phones and to limit
the accessibility of each department.
• A common router has been used in order to
connect the entry zone and Flight logistics zone.
• The technique of redistribution has also been
used at the common router to connect the
networks with different routing protocols.

20. Actual view of the project

21. Conclusion and future prospects
• This project actually gives the overview that how
enterprise networking is done and how it works.
Future prospects
• As far as future prospects are concerned nothing is
for ever in the field of technology.
• There is lot of space for improvement in the field of
networking like,
-Better topological arrangements.
- Introduction of new smart devices
-Introduction of better congestion control
techniques.
-The introduction of wireless networking